Opening Prayer

Almighty Father, we praise and

thank you for the opportunity
to learn today from our
facilitator and from one
another. Help us to focus our
hearts and minds on what we
are about to learn in this
subject.
Inspire us by your Holy Spirit so that
we may understand the lessons and
see its practical application in our
everyday activities.

Guide us by your eternal light as we

discover more truths about the
world around us. We ask this
through the intercession of St.
Thomas Aquinas, Amen.
Jumbled
Letters
Guess the word by
arranging the letters shown
to you.
IMSEMSI
mimesis
RDEEAR
reader
HOEYTR
theory
NETFMISI
feminist
TCIMRCIIS
criticism
CTOETNX
context
RRLAEUITET
literature
CXEIEEPRNE
experience
YIBRLTAIEALT
relatability
What is our
topic for
today?
Literary Theories
Prepared by Mr. Jacob Michael Floresca
Adapted from the work Ms. Celeste Banawa
Relatability
•“The quality of
being easy to
understand or
feel sympathy
for…” (Cambridge Dictionary, 2021)
retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/relatability
Relatability
in Literature
connection with the
text/literature
beauty of
literature
link ourselves
based on our
experiences
EXPERIENCES
=
LITERATURE
 What makes
literary texts
different from
each other?
Reality
History
Culture
 Literature in
Different Contexts
Contextual Reading
Approches
 EXPERIENCES
=
SIMILARITIES IN
LITERATURE
Literary Reading through
Biographical Context
 How can looking through
the author’s perspective
helps us to understand the
text better?
BIOGRAPHICAL
CONTEXT
• understand the author’s
life
• comprehend the text
more
• molds how the author’s
text is in line with his or
her experiences
Kennedy, X. J., Gioia, D., & Stone, D. (2020). Literature: An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and writing. Boston: Pearson.
 Jose
Rizal
Do you always
assume?
 Not everything is
ASSUME based in real life
NOTHING! Not the only way
of studying
literature
SOCIOCULTURAL
CONTEXT
• helps us to understand the
social, economic, political,
and cultural forces
• how members can
contribute or influence
culture
• analyze the sociocultural of
the text through an
audience’s perspective
Kennedy, X. J., Gioia, D., & Stone, D. (2020). Literature: An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and writing. Boston: Pearson.
Tannen, D. (1988). Linguistics in context: Connecting observation and understanding: Lectures from the 1985 LSA/TESOL and NEH Institutes ;Norwood, NJ:
Ablex.
 used to write the text as
well as the way
language is used in the text

LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
study of
language
LINGUISTIC
CONTEXT
• a central skill used by many
• “practical criticism”
(Coleridge, 1871)
• “first law to be prescribed to
criticism … is that it shall be
objective” (Ransom, 2001)

Goulimari, P. (2015). Literary criticism and theory: From Plato to postcolonialism. Routledge.
CRITIC
• vary
• differences in…
• values
• beliefs
• prejudices
LITERARY CRITICISM

ASKING AND APPRECIATE SEE CLEAR

ANSWERING LITERATURE QUALITIES
 LITERARY CRITICISM
LESS VALID MORE VALID

There’s no “right answer”

only a continuum of right
answer/s.
LITERARY THEORIES
Mimesis
Censorship
Reader-Response
Theory
Marxism
Feminism
Postcolonialism
MIMESIS (PLATO)
• mimic
• imitation of reality
• asks questions like…
• What is imitated?
• How is the imitation done?
• Is it good or bad imitation?
Goulimari, P. (2015). Literary criticism and theory: From Plato to postcolonialism. Routledge.
MIMESIS
(PLATO)
CENSORSHIP
• shows bad mimesis
• bad mimesis =
censorship
• “drives one mad
just as much as
pain does”
Goulimari, P. (2015). Literary criticism and theory: From Plato to postcolonialism. Routledge.
CENSORSHIP
READER-RESPONSE
• way readers respond to the text
• way readers engage with the
text
• engagement = meaning
• experiences influence you
• difficulty in differences
• “Each person’s most urgent
motivations are to understand
himself,” (Bleich, 1975)
 HOW DO YOU MAKE IT
INTERESTING?
Ask the following:
• Who are your audience?
• What would the reader do with it?
• In what ways can the text be interpreted by your
audience?
• How does the text invite “response”?
• What are the expectations? Fulfilled?
Redirected?
• Can I relate to the text that I am reading?
DECONSTRUCTION
• language is not a stable entity
• deconstructing the meaning
• “breaking down” or analyzing
something to discover its true
meaning
 MARXIST THEORY
• shows class struggle or
materialism.
• text serves as a propaganda.
• examines oppression, social
conflicts, and solution to
these struggles.
• humans are constrained by our
social class
MARXIST THEORY
“Habang may
tatsulok at sila ay
nasa tuktok, ‘di
matatapos itong
gulo…”
-Bamboo’s Tatsulok
 bourgeoisie

PROLETARIATS
REVOLUTION
FEMINIST THEORY
• through a woman’s lens
• how were the women in the
story empowered or
discriminated
• women are encourage to
breakthrough patriarchy
POSTCOLONIALISM
• looks into changes of
attitude of the
colonized countries

• attempts to rebuild
culture
QUEER THEORY
• interrogating gender
roles

• sexual orientation and

gender identity
What is your take-
away from our
discussion?
 You are to write a
literary criticism
about your
Which will favorite movie.
you use? Which of the
theories are you
going to use?
 Prepare for a
Announcement: quiz next
meeting.
 #GetYourVaccines
#EnjoyLiterature!
Your Mental Health Matters!

/ustangelicum
The Dominican Blessing
May God the Father bless us.
May God the Son heal us.
May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us,
and give us eyes to see with,
ears to hear with,
hands to do the work of God with,
feet to walk with,
a mouth to preach the word of salvation
with,
and the angel of peace to watch over us
and lead us at last,
by our Lord's gift, to the Kingdom.

St. Thomas Aquinas, pray for us.