Name: Keylin Moncayo Date: October, 14th 2020

LIFE 3 SECOND EDITION

UNIT 3
TRANSPORTATION
UNIT PRESENTATION

1. Look at the photo. Where is the woman? Why do you think she is traveling like
this?
She is among the carriages of a train and I think she travels like this because there is no space
or perhaps she does not have money for her passage.
2. T.17. Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why isn’t the woman inside the
train?
Because there isn't space on top of the train. It looks dangerous, but she doesn't look very
worried.

3. Which ways of traveling would you prefer for the activities (1–7)? Give your
reasons.
by bicycle by bus by truck by plane
by train in my car in a taxi on a ferry
on foot on a motorcycle on a ship
1. visit relatives: I’d prefer to visit my relatives by bicycle or on foot because they only live
five minutes from my house.
2. move house and furniture: To move house and furniture I will use a truck.
3. get to the airport: To get to the airport I will use a taxi.
4. cross an ocean: To cross an ocean I will use a ship.

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5. go out in the evening to a party or restaurant: To go out in the evening to a party or
restaurant I will use my car or on foot.
6. commute to school or work: To commute to university or work I will do it on foot.
7. go shopping: To go shopping I will use my car.

LESSON A
TRANSPORTATION SOLUTIONS
Reading

1 2

BMW, Volvo, General Motors, and Google are all currently working on driverless cars.
Some driverless cars use solar energy, which reduces fuel costs and lowers carbon
A emissions. They are also safer because the computer controls the speed, so they can’t
go faster than the speed limit.

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 This monorail in New Zealand is a new solution for commuters in a traffic jam during
B rush hour. The passenger sits in a pod and can cycle over people’s heads. Google has
already invested over $1 million in this idea.
In the future, the Hyperloop could be a common type of public transportation. It’s a long
tube with no air inside, and passengers sit inside pods that travel at 1,200
C kilometers per hour. It would reduce air and noise pollution. There are already
plans for the first Hyperloop between downtown San Francisco and Los Angeles. The
distance is around 600 kilometers, and it would only take 30 minutes of travel time.

1. Read the article about three solutions to transportation problems. Match the
paragraphs with the photos (1-3).
Paragraph A 3
Paragraph B 2
Paragraph C 1

2. Look at the photos and read the article again. Which types of transportation do
the sentences (1-4) describe? Match the sentences to a-c below. Some sentences
describe more than one type.
1. It moves over people’s heads.
2. It’s a faster way to commute.
3. It’s environmentally friendly.
4. It’s good for long distances.
a. driverless cars 3
b. monorail 1-2
c. hyperloop 1-4

VOCABULARY: TRANSPORTATION NOUNS

WORDBUILDING: compound nouns
We can join two words to make a new noun:
bus + stop = bus stop
air + port = airport
down + town = downtown
A compound noun can be two words (bus stop) or one word (airport)

3. Find the compound nouns in BOLD in the article, highlight them. Match them
with their definitions (1-6).
1. the maximum speed you can legally drive. Speed limit
2. a long line of vehicles moving slowly on the road. Traffic jam
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3. the time of day when lots of people travel to/from work. Rush hour
4. the money you spend on gas for transportation. Fuel cost
5. the amount of CO2 that a type of transportation produces. Carbon emissions
6. the main or central part of a city. Downtown

4. Write your opinions about the following questions.

1. Which of the three transportation solutions in the article do you think are a good idea?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which traffic problems could they solve in big cities like Quito or Guayaquil?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR: COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES: Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences
between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). EXAMPLES:
 My house is larger than hers.
 This box is smaller than the one I lost.
 Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
 The rock flew higher than the roof.
 Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is understood)

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES: Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at

the upper or lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest).
EXAMPLES:
 My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
 This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
 Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
 We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the rocks" is
understood)

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5. Look at the grammar chart above. Answer these questions.
1. What letters do we add to short adjectives (fast, cheap, etc.) to form
comparative and superlative adjectives?
For comparative: “er”
For superlative: “est”
2. We use more before longer adjectives to make the comparative. What word do
we use to make the superlative? most
3. Which word often comes after a comparative adjective? than
4. Which word normally comes before a superlative adjective? the

6. Complete this report about a transportation survey. Write the correct

comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses.
REPORT OF LOCAL TRANSPORTATION
For commuting and daytime travel in our town, the most popular (popular) form of
transportation is the bus because it’s cheaper (cheap) than going by car or taxi. However,
some people in the survey prefer to cycle because the bus is slower (slow) than a bicycle
during rush hour. Everyone said that parking downtown is the biggest (big) problem, so
people don’t often use their cars. As a result, taxis are, more popular (popular) than private
cars.

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7. Form comparative and superlative sentences using these transportation words
and adjectives.

trains cars taxis fast cheap bad

buses planes ships slow popular safe

bicycles motorcycles quick expensive good

0. Trains are quicker than cars, but planes are the fastest type of transportation.
1. Planes tickets are more expensive than buses ticket.
2. Motorcycles are faster than bicycles.
3. The best transportation in the city are taxis.
4. Buses are the most popular transportation.
5. Trains are safer than motorcycles.

LESSON B
TRANSPORTATION AROUND THE WORLD

Listening
1. Look at the photos.
Where do you think they were taken? Maybe to Alaska and Sahara desert.
What are the advantages of using animals for transportation in these places? One
advantage is that animals are more eco-friendly.

2. T. 21. Listen to a documentary about animal transportation. Why does the

speaker say camels and huskies are better than cars?
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______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. T. 21. Listen to the documentary again. What do these numbers describe? Make
notes and compare your answers with the class.
Camels Huskies
50 degrees -50 degrees
40 kilometers 6 and 8 huskies
3 to 5 days 1,600 kilometers
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR: as … as
Example in Spanish : El idioma Inglés es tan fácil como el Frances.
The comparative as…as expresses that two items have equivalent aspects of quality (Adj) or
manner (Adv). The second as is a preposition which takes a noun or a clause as its
complement. Typically, the clause is reduced to the subject or the auxiliary form of the verb.

Noun + verb + as + adjective + as + noun

The apple is as heavy as the
orange.
The apple is as light as the orange.
More examples
- In some parts of the world, animal transportation is as popular as these modern

vehicles.

- In winter, northern Alaska can be as cold as the North Pole.

- For long distances, modern vehicles are not as good as camels.

- A camel isn’t as comfortable as a car.

4. Rewrite these sentences. Use as … as OR not as … as and the adjective in

parentheses.

1. The subway from Hong airport to Kowloon costs $ 100, and a taxi costs $ 210. (not /
expensive)

The subway from Hong airport to Kowloon isn’t as expensive as a taxi.

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2. The ferry from Jordan to Egypt takes one hour. A bus ride over land takes two hours. (not /
slow)

The ferry from Jordan to Egypt isn’t as slow as a bus over land.

3. During rush hour in New York, riding a bike to work and taking a bus take the same amount
of time. (fast)

Riding a bike to work is a fast a taking a bus.

4. In Colombia and Greece, 9 % of households own motorcycles. (popular)

Households who own motorcycles are as popular in Colombia as in Greece.

5. Look at activity # 4 and answer these questions.

a. Which two sentences say two things are the same or equal? ____________

b. Which two sentences say two things are different, and one thing is less than the other?
__________

VOCABULARY: Transportation adjectives

6. Read part of the news article about taxis in London.

What does it compare?

________________________________________________________________________

BATTLE OF TAXIS

When you travel in London, the city’s famous black taxis or black cabs
are a convenient type of transportation. On any main road, there are
plenty of cabs, and even with four or five people, they’re comfortable
to ride in. But now the traditional black cab has competition from
private taxis such as Addison Lee. Using your cellphone, you can book a
private taxi for a certain time – they are very punctual. Sometimes
these private taxis are also a bit cheaper and a little faster. However, in
bad traffic, black-cab drivers say their cabs are much faster. They have
to learn all the roads around London, so they don’t use GPS, and they
know the best routes around the city. They think that private taxis are a
lot less reliable in rush-hour traffic.

7. Find the words in bold in the article. Then match them with their definitions.

1. It’s always on time. Punctual

2. It has existed for a long time. Traditional

3. It’s nice to sit in.Comfortable

4. It’s nearby or easy to use. Convenient

5. It does what you need it to. Reliable

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GRAMMAR: COMPARATIVE MODIFIERS

Complete the rules with the words from the box. You can also look at the examples

a lot a bit a little much

below to help.

1. To talk about a small difference, we use a bit or a little before a comparative adjective.

2. To talk about a big difference, we use a lot or much before a comparative adjective.

Examples:

Sometimes these private taxis are a bit cheaper and a little faster.

Black-cab drivers are much faster because they know the best routes.

They think that private taxis are a lot less reliable.

subway train taxi Bus

Prices ¥ 800 for unlimited Around ¥ 300 for ¥ 500 for unlimited
use of all the subway every kilometer travel anywhere in
lines for 24 hours traveled the main areas of the
city for one day
Frequency About every 3 All the time at taxi A bus comes about
minutes during peak stands and on busy every 5 minutes
hours streets

Look at the information about transportation for visitors to Tokyo. Form sentences
using these ideas and comparative modifiers.

1. A taxi is / expensive than …

Taking a taxi is a lot more expensive than taking a bus.

2. The subway is / frequent than

The subway is a little more frequent than a bus.

3. Taxis are / quick than

Taxis are a little quicker than buses.

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Speaking myLife

What advice would you give a visitor arriving in your country for the first time?

What are the best ways to get around?

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