DESIGN OF CLUTCHES

DME – 2, MODULE 1
ANWAR SADIQUE
Ref: - V B Bhandari
APME, GEC, THRISSUR
CLUTCH
Clutch is a mechanical device which is used to connect or disconnect the source of
power from the remaining parts of the power transmission system at the will of
the operator.
FRICTION CLUTCH
CLASSIFICATION
Positive contact clutches

Friction clutches

Electromagnetic clutches

Fluid clutches
SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DL0j0eKD8Y
Advantages of friction clutches
Smooth engagement
No slip while engaged
Act as a safety device
TORQUE TRANSMITTING CAPACITY
UNIFORM PRESSURE THEORY
Applied in case of new clutches
Uniform pressure is assumed over the area

K.Mahadevan, Eqn. 13.9(a)

K.Mahadevan, Eqn. 13.9(c)

UNIFORM WEAR THEORY
Applied in case of worn-out clutches
Wear(frictional work) is proportional to the frictional force(µp) and velocity(2πrn)

K.Mahadevan, Eqn. 13.9(d)

K.Mahadevan, Eqn. 13.9(f)
COMPARISON
K.Mahadevan, Eqn. 13.9(f)
K.Mahadevan, Eqn. 13.9(f)
MULTI DISC CLUTCHES
More contacting surfaces
Higher torque carrying capacity
More compact compared to single plate clutches (for same capacity)
Heat generated is more
Cooling methods are adopted
Multiple clutches are made wet(oil immersed) for cooling
Wet clutches have less coefficient of friction (0.3 vs >0.1)
More maintenance is required (due to oil bath and seals)
Less wear (1% of dry clutches)
FRICTION MATERIALS
ASBESTOS BASED SINTERED METAL BASED
Woven or moulded type Bronze or iron based
Low cost Higher(when life is considered -low
cost)
High wear Low wear rate
Less life span Higher life span
Applicable in low temperature only Applicable in high temperatures
Subjected to operating Unaffected by environment
conditions(water moisture etc)
Dust can cause cancer and other No health issues
health issues
CONE CLUTCHES

Large frictional force is generated with a small

engaging force.

Simple in construction.

Easy to engage and disengage.

More compact than disc clutches.

CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCHES
Enables the prime mover to start and
accelerate to operating speed without any
load.

Consists of a spider arm in driving shaft. A

mass with frictional lining in outward
direction is attached through a helical
spring.

As the speed increases, the springs

deflects (due to centrifugal force) and
frictional lining make contact with outer
drum of driven shaft.
 DESIGN OF BRAKES
DME – 2, MODULE 1
ANWAR SADIQUE
Ref: - R S Khurmi
APME, GEC, THRISSUR
BLOCK / SHOE BRAKE
Used in trains and tram cars.
Assumed uniform contact pressure & Wear rate
2θ < 60o. (contact angle)

For the equilibrium, taking moments about “O”.

TB is same when the wheel rotates anti clockwise.

PIVOTED BLOCK / SHOE BRAKE
Block is pivoted to the lever
2θ > 60o (contact angle)
Assumed uniform contact pressure & Wear rate
More life and higher breaking torque
 = w * 2πr *(45/360) = 392.5*w mm 2

= 17787.5/392.5 *w = 45.32/w
w = 45.32/0.3 = 151.06 mm
DOUBLE BLOCK / SHOE BRAKE

Reduces bearing load

Increased braking force

 A b= b * 2π*175 *(100/360) = 305.27*b mm 2

= 11590 / 305.27*b mm2 = 37.97/b

b = 37.97/0.3 = 126.55mm
BAND BRAKE
Used in Parking brakes
K.Mahadevan, Eqn. 13.18(a,b,q)
Applying T 1/T 2 = 3.25
DIFFERENTIAL BAND BRAKE K.Mahadevan, Eqn.
13.18(a,b,q)
BAND AND BLOCK BRAKE
INTERNAL EXPANDING SHOE BRAKE