Identity Badge Detector PracRch2 1

IDENTITY BADGE DETECTOR: CHALLENGES OF MANUAL
ATTENDANCE AS PERCEIVED BY GRADE 11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS OF STI COLLEGE COTABATO
A Quantitative Research
Presented to the Faculty of
Senior High School Department
STI College Cotabato
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Senior High School Practical Research
By:
Mantawil, Amir Almajan K.
Ahmad, Farizah O.
Salik, Necole C.
Kasim, Norhaya U.
Salilaguia, Naima K.
Romaldon, Yvonne Kate D.
Ebrahim, Baby Alaiza A.
Pananggulon, Mahdie B.
Villa, Mary Ann O.
Macabalang, Cathlyn Janelle T.
Mohammad, Hassanah A.
Dalandag, Ameer Termizie T.
NORMAN G. ESMUNDO, LPT

Research Adviser
January 2023
CHAPTER I
The chapter presents the introduction of the study, the review of related literature,
theoretical framework, conceptual framework, the statement of the problem, the significance of
the significance of the study and the definition of terms.
INTRODUCTION
“Most schools, in all levels in the Philippines use tedious and time-consuming
attendance monitoring.” (Santos et al., 2021). Manual attendance systems, in which teachers
record student attendance and performance by hand, are a widespread practice in schools. It
involves the usage of paper or physical sign-in sheets to record student attendance, and it is still
being used in some schools and educational settings. These systems may be used in situations
where electronic attendance systems are not available or where a more traditional or personal
approach to attendance is preferred. However, research suggests these systems may have several
limitations and drawbacks. Therefore, it is important to examine the limitations and potential
solutions for improving the effectiveness of these systems.
According to Dellosa (2014), one potential limitation of manual attendance systems
is that they can be time-consuming for teachers. This can lead to decreased efficiency and
productivity, as teachers may spend a significant amount of time recording and updating student
records. In addition, manual systems are prone to errors in data entry, which can negatively
impact student performance and lead to unfair evaluations (PayPeople, 2022). For example, a
teacher may accidentally mark a student as absent who may have their attendance recorded
incorrectly. In which, it may cause confusion and frustration for students that will lead to a lower
attendance percentage and potentially affecting the student's grades.
Another potential negative effect of manual attendance is that it can create a sense
of disconnection between students and teachers. This can be particularly frustrating for students
who may feel that the time spent on attendance could be better spent on more meaningful or
engaging activities. With an electronic system, teachers can track attendance in real-time and
may be able to identify and address any attendance issues that may arise more easily. With a
manual system, it may be more difficult for teachers to get a clear picture of attendance patterns,
which can make it harder to identify and support students who may be struggling.
As much as taking of attendance affects the continuous learning of the students at a
limited time, it also increases teacher’s paper works. Using Manual Attendance also has some
problems to consider that may add to the teacher and student’s worries. Mostly, Teachers and
some assigned students experienced hand crumps due to a lot of students that are needed to
check individually and because of that, it is sometimes leading to an inaccurate taking of
attendance.
Conducting this study enables STI College Cotabato’s learners and other schools to
know the challenges of manual attendance as perceived by grade 11 senior high school students
at STI College Cotabato and helps them solve problems by maximizing the attendance
management of students that causes stress to both students and teachers. Checking attendance
manually can be stressful for both students and teachers. It is time-consuming as manual
attendance such as logbooks, students' notebooks, and class records take time to do properly.
Manually checking attendance wastes time in determining who is absent or not, when that time
could be better spent on discussions. In these cases, the Identity Badge Detector is the best
modern technology to help reduce the amount of work that must be done. It is far better than the
usual manual attendance because, with our new product, it will not consume any time and will
lessen the teachers' and students' stress. This tool is automated with the best features to do its
tasks without human touch. There is a badge that has a QR code. Each student's badge has a QR
code that is specific to them and is used to detect the student's information and attendance. This
will be put on the student’s uniform. There is a screen where it will detect the student’s identity
badge and is set to be located outside the classroom. So, before the student enters the classroom,
they must let the badge detector scan their badge first for attendance. There is a monitor that
shows the student's attendance date and time, and it is where the faces of each student in that
section can be seen. When the badge detector has scanned their badge and attendance, it will
disappear from the monitor, indicating that they are present. The remaining faces of the students
left on the monitor will be marked as absent. The “Identity Badge Detector" a product developed
by researchers, can help to save time by streamlining the attendance-taking process.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Disadvantages of Utilizing Manual Attendance Tracking
The process of tracking students' attendance has always been a complicated task.
Over the years, several solutions have been developed to record the presence of students. As
teachers, they are constantly juggling multiple tasks throughout the day. Therefore, the last thing
teachers want to be worrying about is measuring their student's time and class attendance.
Student time and attendance monitoring is a necessity for every school or university. That said,
finding the best possible time and attendance system is often overlooked. Tracking and recording
class attendance is time-consuming, and sometimes it is challenging to take a step back and
investigate the several types of attendance systems out there. According to Ahmed (2021),
“Attendance” – is an unavoidable part of any class or lecture. Marking attendance is quite
important for several reasons. As significant as attendance is, it consumes a lot of class time and
does not contribute to student progress.
Since this generation lives in a digital world, manual attendance tracking must
continue to be developed. Several manual attendance monitoring systems are now available on
the market and are being used by various schools and institutions both inside and outside the
nation. Despite the remarkable benefits of the Manual Attendance Tracking System, numerous
researchers across the world published studies pointing out the drawbacks of using such an
innovation.
Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

Senior High School Students of STI College Cotabato
As stated in the study conducted by Taylor in the year 2021, all organizations use
attendance management to record their employee’s initial and final work timings. Some
organizations also save comprehensive records of attendance issues such as who calls in sick and
who arrives late. Manual time and attendance management systems rely on highly skilled
persons, but the problem is that humans are not perfect. With manual systems, it is excessive
pressure on management to be always correct in all details of employees’ work. It can be easy to
accidentally switch details and end up with false entries of data or in handwritten briefings. This
error might not end up only with false information but also create problems in the payroll
system. Reporting and checking that data can be time taking and expensive. There is a reason to
be considered before you automate time and attendance management, and these are those good
processes that must already be in working condition. Putting a new automated system in most
cases will not be successfully implemented where one has not existed before. The most effective
way to get a positive result from new automated attendance management software is where a
good manual time and attendance management system already exists, and a new system
automates these. It is also financially beneficial to implement automated time and attendance
management software that is too simple, easy to use and understand and requires no amount of
external manual work.
Therefore, for a school to enhance its services and deliver high-quality education, it
must find solutions to these issues of the manual attendance monitoring system. The notion of
increasing and refining this is essential since several studies from across the world have shown
the drawbacks of using a manual attendance monitoring system.

The influence of Manual Attendance on Educational Outcomes
Students of today’s generation are way more particularly concerned with their
performance in school, as it reflects the time and effort they put into their studies. Good time
management in the classroom can help students stay focused on discussions without distractions
and can also increase their motivation to excel. This can ultimately lead to higher grades and
improved academic performance. The accuracy of manual attendance tracking in educational
institutions is an important factor that can impact students' academic performance. A study
published in 2018 and conducted in Bangladesh, entitled "The Effect of Attendance on Students'
Academic Performance," found that there is a strong correlation between class attendance and
academic performance. In which, it supports the claim that manual attendance tracking can have
a significant impact on academic performance. It is therefore important for attendance to be
recorded accurately in order to ensure that students' academic performance is not negatively
affected. Manual attendance systems have the potential for errors during the attendance-taking
process, which can lead to inaccurate student attendance. This is further compounded by the fact
that manual attendance systems are often time-consuming and laborious, as valuable lecture time
is dedicated to taking attendance. In addition, the manual process is prone to personal errors, as
noted by Lodha et al. (2015).
If a student is responsible for taking attendance, they may become so focused on the
lecture that they do not realize they have not yet checked attendance when the teacher asks for
the attendance list. This can be especially problematic if the lecture material is particularly

important or difficult to understand. However, manually checking attendance can be time-
consuming, which can lead the student to rush the task in order to keep up with the lecture. This
hastiness can result in errors where a student is marked as absent when they were actually
present, which can have negative consequences for their academic performance. Class
attendance is a significant predictor of course grades, and any errors in attendance tracking can
potentially impact a student's grades. Errors in attendance tracking caused by the use of manual
systems can negatively impact a student's academic performance, as shown in a study by
Kassarnig (2017). This study found that class attendance is a significant and positive predictor of
course grades. Thus, any errors in attendance tracking caused by the use of manual systems can
potentially lead to a decline in a student's grades. These errors can be particularly detrimental if a
student is mistakenly marked as absent when they were actually present. Now, the person who is
assigned to check the attendance may need to restart checking the attendance from the very
beginning, and this could be a big challenge if there are many students involved.
Consequently, to avoid these problems and help improve students' academic
performance, it may be helpful to consider implementing more efficient and reliable attendance
tracking systems, such as automated attendance Checker. These systems can help ensure accurate
attendance tracking, freeing up valuable lecture time and potentially reducing the risk of errors
that can negatively impact students' grades.

Minimizing Efforts of Teachers in Monitoring the Attendance
Teachers have a lot on their plate, and one of the main challenges they face is the
workload associated with tracking attendance. In addition to preparing lessons and grading
assignments, teachers must also keep track of who is present in their classes. This can be a time-
consuming and laborious task, taking away from the time that teachers could be spending on
other important responsibilities such as lesson planning, curriculum development, and
professional development. By finding ways to reduce the workload of teachers in tracking
attendance, it may be possible to free up more time for these other duties. Reducing Teachers
workload have a correlation with the students educational Outcome. As stated by Ahmed (2021)
“the considerable amount of teachers’ time saved can be utilized towards improving student
outcomes” Minimization the workload of teachers in tracking attendance can alleviate some of
the challenges they face when beginning class or leading discussions. While this may seem like a
minor issue to some, it can have a significant impact on teachers. To make things easier and
decrease the workload of teachers, it would be beneficial to streamline the attendance-tracking
process. In a traditional classroom setting, it is the teacher's responsibility to verify and monitor
students' attendance. By finding ways to minimize the effort required for this task, teachers can
focus more on their primary responsibilities of teaching and supporting student learning.
The teachers have an important responsibility to play in monitoring, verifying, and
maintaining attendance. This approach, in addition to being inconvenient for teachers, will have
an impact on students because time is spent manually signing, validating, and submitting the
attendance sheet. Minimizing the efforts of teachers holds a great deal to give them a hand. As

cited by Ahmed (2021) “No paperwork, no manual attendance, and no wastage of time lead to
reduced hassle and enables the already overburdened teacher to concentrate more on teaching.” It
requires little to no effort from the teacher, which means a reduced workload on the teacher. He’s
emphasizing that it “Reduced Hassles in Teaching Process” Attendance has always been
recorded manually from the beginning of time. Even while this strengthens and connects the
student-teacher relationship, it is time consuming and prone to human error. This can be
exhausting at times. Monitoring attendance can cause a wastage of time. It encourages teachers
to focus on their class discussion rather than to worry about their students’ attendance like
calling the names of each student, using their time to write and check the attendance in a paper.
Therefore, by finding ways to reduce the workload of teachers in tracking attendance,
it may be possible to free up more time for these other duties. There are various methods and
technologies that can help streamline the attendance-tracking process, including mobile
attendance applications and identity badge detectors. Implementing these solutions can help
teachers focus on the important task of teaching, rather than being bogged down by the
administrative burden of attendance tracking.

Usage of Manual Attendance that cause Poor Time Management in Classroom
Effective time management is a vital skill for students to develop in order to achieve
academic success and balance their responsibilities. By prioritizing tasks, increasing
productivity, reducing stress, meeting deadlines, and seeking help when needed, students can
effectively manage their time and succeed in the classroom. By effectively managing their time,
students can focus their attention and avoid wasting time on distractions, which allows them to
complete more in less time. Additionally, efficient time management can help students reduce
stress by allowing them to efficiently complete tasks and check them off their to-do list. This can
also lead to a sense of accomplishment and achievement as goals are fulfilled. Manual
attendance taking can impact time management in the classroom by taking up valuable class time
if teachers spend a significant amount of time taking attendance manually, which can take away
from time that could be spent on instruction, other activities, or discussion. It has a probability
that it can lead the students and teachers to have a poor time management as there is less time
available for other important tasks.
According to Jones (2018), Poor time management in the classroom is a common
problem that can have negative impacts on student learning and achievement. Previous research
has identified a variety of factors that contribute to poor time management in the classroom,
including teacher-centered instruction, student misbehavior, and a lack of clear goals or
objectives. One potential contributor to poor time management in the classroom is the use of
manual attendance methods, such as paper sign-in sheets or roll call. These methods can be time-
consuming for teachers, who must spend valuable class time taking attendance or following up

with absent students (Smith, 2020) Manual attendance methods, such as taking attendance by
hand, may be prone to errors or discrepancies, which can lead to additional time spent correcting
or verifying attendance records. This can be frustrating for teachers and students and may also
result in incorrect attendance records. Accurate attendance records are important for a number of
reasons, such as tracking student participation and determining grades.
As a result, manual attendance taking can be a significant factor in poor time
management in the classroom. It can take up valuable class time, be time-consuming for
teachers, and may be prone to errors, which can lead to additional time spent correcting or
verifying attendance records. To prevent poor time management caused by manual attendance, it
may be beneficial to implement an automated attendance system, such as Identity Badge
Detector. Automated attendance systems can improve efficiency and accuracy, helping to
prevent errors and save time. By using an automated attendance system, teachers can more
effectively manage their time and focus on other important tasks and responsibilities. This can
lead to better maximization of time management in the classroom and ultimately, improved
student learning and achievement.

Manual Attendance as a Stressor for the Learners and Instructors.
Stress is our body’s response to pressure. Many different situations or life events can
cause stress. It is often triggered when we experiences something new, unexpected or what threat
us our sense of self, or when we feel we have little control over a situation. We all deal with
stress differently. According to Boyinbode (2014) Taking student’s attendance manually often
comes with a lot of stress for students and lecturers. Taking student’s attendance manually is
inevitable that we will not be stressed.
Using manual attendance methods carries the risk of proxies and human error that
can cause stress. It can be challenging to track attendance manually, as there is a possibility of
making mistakes, such as wrongly recording a student's absences. If this happens, the student's
grades may be affected, leading to complaints and additional stress for the instructor. According
to the study of J.C. Shaw and B.L. Barker that was entitled “The impact of attendance tracking
methods on employee stress: A case study” in the year 2014. The study found that the use of
manual attendance tracking methods can cause stress for employees due to the added
responsibility of remembering to sign in and out and the potential for errors in the record-
keeping process. Employees may feel stressed due to the possibility of being marked as absent or
late if they forget to sign in or out, or if there are errors in the records. Additionally, employees
may feel stressed due to the extra time and effort required to manually track attendance, which
can take away from other tasks and responsibilities.

It can be concluded that manual attendance can be a source of stress for both
students and instructors due to the risk of human error, the added responsibility of remembering
to sign in and out, and the extra time and effort required to track attendance manually. To
prevent stress caused by manual attendance, it is recommended to implement an automated
attendance system, provide clear guidelines and policies, encourage open communication, allow
for some flexibility in attendance policies, and provide support and resources for stress
management.

Manual Attendance Takes Time for the Teacher to Teach
Continuous discussion helps keep students engaged in the material and
encourages active participation in the learning process. It promotes deep understanding by
allowing students to discuss concepts and ideas in depth, leading to a deeper level of learning.
Traditional taking of attendance can be time-consuming, and it takes up a significant portion of
class time, especially in larger classrooms with many students. This can cause delays in lesson
delivery and may be frustrating for teachers and students. Manual attendance taking can be
stressful task and may not directly contribute to student learning or progress. It can also be
burdensome for teachers to take attendance during a lecture.
Manual attendance taking is a common issue in classrooms and may cause delays
in the start of classes. According to a study by Smith (2020), teachers who took attendance
manually spent an average of 8 minutes per day on the task if the number of students are low,
and it takes 10 to 12 minutes when it comes to a bigger population of students in a classroom.
This time could have been used for instruction or other activities, such as engaging with students
or preparing materials. The study suggests that manual attendance taking can be time-consuming
for teachers and may take away from time that could be used for more important tasks.
Therefore, manual attendance taking can be a time-consuming and burdensome task
for teachers, and it may also cause delays in the start of classes. To avoid delaying class
discussions, one solution is to use an automated attendance system, which allows teachers to

quickly and easily take attendance without having to spend a lot of time on the task. This can
save time and allow teachers to focus on more important tasks, such as engaging with students
and delivering lessons. Additionally, using an electronic attendance system can also help to
reduce the risk of errors, such as misplacing paper attendance sheets or forgetting to mark a
student “present” Implementing an electronic attendance system can be a helpful and efficient
way to take attendance and avoid delays in class discussions.

Confusion on the Use of Manual Attendance on its Appearance
Class records are one of the most popular kinds of manual attendance used nationwide.
It stores vital information for every classes. Each grid is designed to provide ease of use and
space to write information; names, scores, and grades. However, it leads to the user to be
confused because of the small spaces it provides. Attendance checking papers are widely used in
the classroom by teachers when getting their students attendance. The purpose of this is to help
the students and teachers to collect, organize and synthesize information given to them in class,
but according to Handoyo (2018), “A lecturer may mistakenly register attendance of a student to
other student while conducting a rollcall, which often happens among students who share similar
names. “Attendance is paper based, which may sometimes cause errors when writing an
attendance resulting from confusion. Each student must take a few moments to locate their name
on the sheet, sign in their attendance, and pass the sheet to the next student. Due to the different
handwriting or the format of the attendance record, even teachers might find themselves
incorrectly checking someone else’s name. Some students may have trouble in re-engaging with
the lecture. Such distraction causes valuable lecture time to be lost.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study is anchored on the self-determination theory of Edward L. Deci and
Richard M. Ryan. The self-determination theory (SDT) is a psychological theory that explains
how people are motivated to engage in certain behaviors. According to SDT, there are three
basic psychological needs that must be satisfied in order for people to feel motivated and
engaged: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. When these needs are met, people are more
likely to feel self-determined and motivated to pursue their goals.
In relation to the challenges of manual attendance, it can be argued that the manual
system may not fully satisfy the basic psychological needs of both teachers and students. For
teachers, the process of manually recording attendance may not provide a sense of autonomy, as
they may feel constrained by the time-consuming and tedious nature of the task. Additionally,
the possibility of errors in data entry may lead to feelings of incompetence, as teachers may feel
that they are not effectively performing their duties. For students, the manual attendance system
may not provide a sense of relatedness, as they may feel that their attendance is not being
accurately tracked and that their performance is not being fairly evaluated.
Henceforth, it can be proposed that the challenges of manual attendance may be related
to a lack of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and
relatedness. By addressing these needs, it may be possible to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of the manual attendance system and increase motivation and engagement for both
teachers and students.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Existing Manual Attendance Challenges on Manual Attendance as

Perceived by Grade 11 Senior High
School Students of STI College
Cotabato
Challenges
Usefulness Design/Appeal Materials
Only convenient Not Spacious Can be Easily

when someone is Enough Ripped
assigned.
Messy Due to Can be Easily

Consumes Time Different Misplaced
Handwritings
Only has one Less Attractive Use Random

copy Because of Pen’s Paper
Ink
Cannot Avoid The format Requires Pen

Human Error Appear and Sheets
Confusing
Can Be Pages are white, Consumes

Manipulated So it Easily Stains More Pages
Perception of Senior High School

Students
Teachers
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to determine the challenges on manual attendance as perceived by the
Grade 11 Senior High School students at STI College Cotabato. Below are the objectives that
this study aims to answer.
1. What are the profile of the respondents with regards to their strand and sex?
2. Do the students experience being taken their attendance by the teacher using a manual
attendance?
3. What kind/s of manual attendance did the students taken their attendance?
4. On what scale of observation do Grade 11 Senior High School of STI College Cotabato
have, about the Challenges of Manual Attendance?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The researchers believe that this study will not only raise the observation on the
challenges that might encounter in using the existing manual attendance and give knowledge on
why it is necessary to maximize the attendance management of the learners. Below are the
possible beneficiaries and the benefits that can be obtained by the help of this study.
Schools
In conducting this study, it will be beneficial to many institutions. Specifically, The STI
College Cotabato since this study indicates the perception of the Grade 11 Senior High School
students of the purpose of maximizing the time management and challenges they are facing on
existing manual attendance, and to discover on how an undisrupted and continuous learning
environment will improve the learners’ academic performance in school. If they will be to
assure and provide an undisrupted and continuous learning environment, it could be their one of
the best strength to ensure the clients that the institution provides an assiduous learning. The
school can provide an organized, accurate and effective attendance reports. To avoid the habitual
tardiness of the Student.
School Administrators
This research will be beneficial to the School administrators. It can be used not only by
students but also by educators to help organize records and monitor faculty members'
performance and attendance. On the other hand, administrators will be informed about students
who are frequently absent from all classes. They will also be informed that the challenges and
problems caused by manual attendance are disadvantageous to both students and educators.

Teachers
The result of the study will help teachers to avoid time consumption in every taking of
attendance using the existing manual attendance that puts, not only themselves but specially the
learners’ at a drawback. In this study the teacher will find out that taking of attendance in a
manual way is the most provider of their stress and understand how it affects the academic
performance of their students. Teachers will learn that in addition to the maximization of the
learners, attendance management provides more efficient learning; it also necessary in avoiding
the adaptation of neglecting the presence of the learners’ causing by not having enough time to
check the attendance. It also allows them for a fast preparation of attendance reports.
Students
Researchers conducted this study so that the overall population of student, not just the
Grade 11 Senior High School student will be the only beneficiaries. Since this aims to increase
their perception about the challenges in using the manual attendance in schools. Moreover, this
will give leaners’ a precise and explicit perspective on why it is needed to maximize the
students’ attendance management in schools. Especially during class hours. In conducting this
study, it will cultivate them about the impact of using manual attendance in schools and to let
them visualize and apply solutions for it. Students can have an easy access to the system and to
lessen effort and time in checking their attendance.
Future Researchers
The findings and collected data of this study will be helpful and will guide them on the
perception of the students on the existing manual attendance and it will pave the way for more
expounded studies on similar fields.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Existing Manual Attendance
Existing manual attendance is a fundamental tool that are mostly used by the
teachers. It is designed to check and monitor the attendance of the students.
Identity Badge Detector
Identity badge detector is a modified machine that increases the amount of time
available for every teacher’s discussion and students’ learning. It has a monitor that
displays the students' names and faces, as well as a detector that detects the badges (QR
codes) of each student.
Maximize time of Student’s Learning
Maximize time of student’s learning refers to a situation in which students' time
is correctly and wisely used through every teaching session or discussion with the
prevention of poor attendance management in a classroom.
Poor Attendance Management
Poor attendance management is the ineffective use of time in tracking every
student’s attendance that may affect the learners’ academic performances.

CHAPTER II
METHOD
This discusses the research methods and procedures used in this study. This chapter of
the study covers and specified the research design, respondents of the study, setting, measures
data gathering and statistical treatment.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers used the Quantitative research design as an approach in the study. The
design was intended to collect and describe the perception of the students regarding the
challenges of the existing manual attendance. A survey with deep and heavy discussion will be
conducted on this study in order to originate its result, and it can be a huge help for the
researchers and also the readers of the study.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The researchers conducted a survey with the respondents that are composed of one
hundred ninety (190) Grade 11 Senior High School students from STI College Cotabato that
belongs to the academic track of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM),
Accountancy Business and Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS),
Mobile App and Web Development (MAWD), and Tourism Operation (TOPER). This study
used a stratified sampling technique in choosing the selected respondents from all grade 11
senior high school students at STI College Cotabato.

SETTING OF THE STUDY
The researchers conducted the survey in each section’s respective classroom, guided
only by the selected researchers to avoid manipulation errors and have objective and accurate
results. The researchers have provided a hard copy of the survey questionnaire as a tool for every
selected participant in each strand and section to gather all the data and information of all one
hundred ninety (190) selected grade 11 senior high school students of STI College Cotabato.
MEASURES OF THE STUDY
In gathering the information and data for the research, the researchers used a survey
questionnaire that was conducted face-to-face at each strand and section’s classrooms. The
researchers used a descriptive quantitative survey to indicate the perception of grade 11 senior
high school students of STI College Cotabato on the existing manual attendance. The content of
the questionnaires is composed of several parts: the respondent’s profile, which contains the
respondent’s name (optional), sex (male or female), and strand, followed by a question that asks
for the respondent’s experience with existing manual attendance, which is answerable by yes or
no, and a question about what kind of manual attendance the students took, and lastly the scaling
part, which includes the challenges of the existing manual attendance that are categorized into
three parts. The usefulness, design/appeal, and its material used.

DATA GATHERING
A letter of request to conduct the study on all grade 11 students was created and
delivered to the academic head and assistant principal of STI College Cotabato to request
authorization to formally begin gathering information using a survey paper. After receiving
consent and permission, the questionnaires were distributed to the selected participants, who
were given enough time to answer the questions. At the end of the given time, the retrieval of the
questionnaire was done immediately. The data gathering served as a basis for further
enhancement of the research tool and to test its validity and reliability. The results of the survey
were utilized by the researchers as the foundation for assessing grade 11 students' perceptions in
order to decrease instructors' efforts in recording attendance. After data gathering, the researcher
collected it for tallying the scores and applying the statistical treatment to be used with the
study.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
The data gathered from the responses on the questionnaire were compiled, tallied, and
analyzed. The statistical tools used for the computation of mean and percentage and the
frequency of the gathered data were the frequency distribution, percentage, and weighted mean.
The formula P=F/N x 100, where P stands for percentage, F stands for frequency, and N stands
for the total number of responses, was used in calculating the percentage. In the survey's rating
part, researchers computed the mean or average number of responses and described whether it is
Not Observed (1.00-1.49), Sometimes Observed (1.50-2.49), Often Observed (2.50-3.49), or
Always Observed (3.50-4.00).

CHAPTER III
Results
This chapter shows the overall results of the study that conducted through face-to-face survey.
Table 1. A. Profile of the respondents in terms of strand
STRAND FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

STEM 72 38
HUMSS 76 40
ABM11P 19 10
MAWD11 16 8
TOPER11 7 4
TOTAL 190 100
Table 1 shows that among the seven (7) strands, HUMSS has the highest number of
frequencies with 76 respondents, followed by STEM with 72 respondents, MAWD with 16
respondents and TOPER has the lowest number of frequencies with 7 respondents.
Table 2. B. Profile of the respondents in terms of sex.

SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 79 42
Female 111 58
TOTAL 190 100
Table 2 shows that in sex category, there are a total of 79 male and 111 female respondents
which are equivalent to 100% from the overall frequency of each strand.

Table 3. Numbers of students who experienced being taken their attendance.
PERCEPTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Yes 190 100
No 0 0
TOTAL 190 100
Table 3 shows that 100 percent out of 190 respondents of the overall frequency have
experienced being taken their attendance by the teacher, and none of them did not experience
being taken their attendance.
Table 4. Kinds of manual attendance did the teacher used.
Kinds of Manual Attendance Frequency Percentage

Logbook 34 16
Student’s Personal Notebook 39 18
Excel Attendance Sheet 56 26
Teacher’s Class Record 88 40
Others 1 0
TOTAL 218 100
Table 4 indicates what kind of manual attendance that the teacher used when checking
attendance. It represents that the majority of them experience being taken their attendance by a

teacher’s class record covering 40% of the 218 total frequency. Followed by Excel Attendance
Sheet, owning 26% and the least among them is the Logbook gaining 16% of the overall
respondents.
Table 5. Usefulness of Manual Attendance
USEFULNESS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Manual Attendance is only convenient when the 3.2 OFTEN OBSERVED
teacher is around or someone is assigned to
conduct an attendance in class.
2. Manual Attendance consumes time to write and 3.28 OFTEN OBSERVED

check the attendance.
3. Manual attendance only has one copy and 3.28 OFTEN OBSERVED
requires hand effort to duplicate.
4. Manual attendance cannot avoid human error. 3.02 OFTEN OBSERVED
5. Manual Attendance can be manipulated by the 2.93 OFTEN OBSERVED

user.
OVERALL 3.14 OFTEN
OBSERVED
Table 5 indicates the means of the responses of the five (5) challenges on the usefulness
of the manual attendance that respondents experienced in monitoring the class attendance. Two
of the statements out of the 5 challenges gain a highest and with the same average number. With
the mean of 3.28 from 190 responses, respondents often observed that Manual Attendance
consumes time to write and check the attendance, and it only has one copy that it requires hand

effort to duplicate. Followed with 3.2 mean, that it proves students that they often observed that
Manual Attendance is only convenient when the teacher is around or someone is assigned to
conduct an attendance in class. Out of the 5 challenges, the statement number 5; manual
attendance can be manipulated by the user has the lowest mean of 2.93.

Table 6. Design and Appeal of Manual Attendance
DESIGN AND APPEAL MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Manual Attendance is not spacious enough, 2.93 OFTEN OBSERVED
so it is hard to write down the names of the
students.
2. Due to different handwritings, manual 3.11 OFTEN OBSERVED
attendance might become less attractive.
3. Manual Attendance might look messy 3.3 OFTEN OBSERVED

because of pen’s ink.
4. The format of the manual attendance might 3.07 OFTEN OBSERVED

appear confusing.
5. Manual Attendance’s color of pages are just 3.2 OFTEN OBSERVED

plain white, so the stains are most likely
visible.
OVERALL 3.12 OFTEN
OBSERVED
Table 6 provides the mean or average number of the responses of the five (5)
challenges on the usefulness of the manual attendance that respondents experienced in
monitoring the class attendance. With 3.3 average numbers from 190 responses, respondents
often observed that manual attendance might look messy because of pen’s ink. Followed with 3.2
mean, respondents often observed that 5. Manual Attendance’s color of pages are just plain
white, so the stains are most likely visible. Out of the 5 challenges, statement number 1; manual
attendance is not spacious enough, so it is hard to write down the names of the students has the
lowest mean of 2.93.

Table 7. Material Used in Manual Attendance
MATERIAL USED MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Manual Attendance can be easily ripped due 3.16 OFTEN OBSERVED
to paper materials.
2. Manual attendance is lightweight, so it can 3.18 OFTEN OBSERVED

easily be misplaced.
3. Manual Attendance sometimes uses random 3.14 OFTEN OBSERVED

paper to conduct attendance.
4. Manual attendance requires a pen and sheets. 3.44 OFTEN OBSERVED
5. Manual Attendance consumes more pages 3.34 OFTEN OBSERVED

when it comes to bigger classes.
OVERALL 3.25 OFTEN

OBSERVED
Table 7 shows our five (5) challenges on the material used in manual attendance, the
statement number four (4) which is manual attendance requires a pen and sheets garner the
highest mean with 3.44. Followed by statement number five (5) which is manual attendance
consumes more pages when it comes to bigger classes with the mean of 3.34. However, the
statement number three (3) which is manual attendance sometimes uses random paper to conduct
attendance has the lowest mean of 3.14.

CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
The chapter reviews and discusses the results of the survey about the perception of the
grade 11 Senior High School students of STI College Cotabato on the existing manual
attendance.
Based on the study of the previous chapter, it demonstrates that out of 190 respondents
of the overall strands who have answered the survey, 111 (58%) are female and the remaining 79
(42%) are male. One hundred percent (100%) out of the 190 respondents have experience being
taken their attendance by the teacher, and none of them did not experience being taken their
attendance. The gathered data indicates that grade 11 Senior High School students’ perception
about the challenges of the usefulness, design and appeal, as well as the material used on the
manual attendance are often observed. Here are the main important results that has been found
from the data from the categories challenges of manual attendance from the previous chapter: (1 )
Class record (2) Manual attendance consumes time to write and check the attendance, (3) Manual
Attendance might look messy because of pen’s ink, and (4) manual attendance requires a pen and
sheets

The Teacher's Attendance Record
A teacher's class record is a traditional manual attendance system utilized by most
teachers worldwide. It is a document that contains attendance data and other student information.
According to Dellosa (2014), the class record of the teachers is one of the most important things
that the student records were kept. It serves as the record book of all of the class performance of
the students. A class record is also known as a record book. Teachers have traditionally used a
manual system to keep records of students' performance. This involved writing down students'
marks in a notebook with the names of all the students. This system was used for a long time, but
it had many disadvantages. For example, it was time-consuming for teachers to spend hours
recording marks for each student, and the records were prone to being lost because they were
only on paper. Some teachers even delegated the task of recording marks to students, which led
to some students giving themselves and others undeserved marks, making the records unreliable.
In addition, paper-based records were prone to being lost or destroyed, leading to the loss of
important student records for educational institutions. The manual system of keeping student
records had many drawbacks that made it unreliable for both learners and instructors.

Consumption of Time in the Process of Manual Recording and Attendance Checking
Before lectures are discussed, classes typically begin with the traditional system of
manual attendance, a process in which the teacher collects and calls out each student's name,
verifying their presence and processing the attendance records. This process of monitoring
student attendance can be time-consuming, particularly in larger classes, as it consumes time that
should be allocated for discussion. Additionally, the process of checking attendance by calling
out names can be disrupted by students' behavior, such as making noise or causing a disturbance,
which can lead to the teacher having to discipline the class and waste even more time. According
to Patel and Priya (2014), there are two conventional methods for taking attendance - calling out
names or having students sign a sheet of paper - but both of these methods are time-consuming
and inefficient. This process can also be inconvenient for lecturers and impact students, as it
requires them to spend time manually signing, verifying, and submitting the attendance sheet.
This can consume the teacher's time that should be used for discussion and distract the student
responsible for checking attendance. Time is a crucial resource for everyone, and the process of
manually checking attendance can take a significant amount of time for some individuals,
depending on their capabilities, speed, and attention to detail. Some people may be more careful
and move slowly while writing and checking the attendance in order to avoid mistakes, which
can also consume a significant amount of time.

Pen’s Ink as a Cause of Untidy Manual Attendance
When writing, it is crucial to pay particular attention to the clarity of words,
phrases, and sentences because this will facilitate effective reading. Everybody has a particular
writing style, so handwritten work varies from person to person. Writing requires the use of an
instrument, and pens are frequently used for writing. It also comes in a variety of colors and
thicknesses. Information must be visually accessible, so its physical presentation is crucial. The
ink of a pen can affect the outcome of a handwritten work, affecting its stability and legibility. A
study conducted by Bowers et al. (n.d.), entitled "The Influence of Ink and Paper on the Stability
and Legibility of Handwritten Records", discusses the factors that can affect the legibility and
stability of handwritten records, including the type of ink and paper used. It supports up the idea
that a pen's ink can be the cause of a paper sheet looking untidy. A pen is required to complete a
manual attendance system, which could make it appear messy because the tool is prone to errors
and messiness. As examined by Snyder (n.d), he stated that “Since this method was paper-based,
it tended to be error-prone and messy.” The contents of the class record may be challenging to
read if the pen runs out of ink in the middle of taking attendance, causing the lines to appear
broken. Additionally, there will be a low likelihood of legibility if the ink stains, bleeds, or might
be leaking, causing the ink to spread and create a mess on the manual attendance paper.
According to Patel (2018), “Manual method includes pen and papers which consumes lot of time
and wastage of resources.” If the individual tasked with checking attendance loses their pen, they
might borrow or find another that is not as good as the first one, making the task appear
unorganized and undesirable.

Therefore, it can be said that an untidy-looking manual attendance sheet can be
caused by a variety of variables, one of which is the ink of the pen. Therefore, finding a means to
prevent this from occurring will help create a far better, structured, and more presentable
attendance record.

Necessity of Papers and Pens on Manual Taking of Attendance
The standard modality that most students and teachers have used for centuries in
using manual attendance is pen and sheets since both are the most accessible way to take notes.
Many people utilize them to record different information. As stated by Sachan, Srivastava &
Vanjale (2015), the generic way of taking attendance has always been the pen and paper method,
where either the teacher calls out the name of the student to mark their attendance or pass an
attendance sheet around for the student to mark their attendance. You take manual attendance
like how you used to do during classroom teaching. This can be done through pen and paper, but
the process will take some time in marking attendance. The use of paper and pens when checking
attendance will cause hand crams, especially when there are a lot of students involved.
Therefore, it will not be able to save paper. It is a challenge to manually check the attendance as
it requires the use of paper, pens, and other writing materials. The use of paper and pens in
writing the attendance record can be a hassle, as the appropriate papers cannot be easily found
everywhere and pens have several kinds, only a few of which are suitable for writing the
attendance record. Without the presence of these materials, you may not be able to check the
attendance properly, especially when it is needed ahead of time.

Scope and Limitations
The coverage of the study is the perception of the grade 11 senior high school
students of STI College Cotabato on the challenges that are categorized into three parts; such as
usefulness, design and appeal, and materials of the existing manual attendance. Specifically, the
perception of the 190 students coming from Grade 11 Senior High School which are officially
enrolled to the academic year 2022-2023. The study is broad, and some factors may and are not
mentioned. The research problem is applicable to all “however”, all enrolled student on the said
year level and strand of STI College Cotabato was selected and are expected to be the only
respondents of the study. The study was done through the utilization of a survey questionnaire
that was made and conducted through face-to-face in their respective classrooms, guided by the
selected researchers. The expected number of respondents were able to answer the survey. With
the total responses of 190 students out of the 190 respondents, the gathered data was used to
identify their perceptions on the challenges of utilizing existing manual attendance.

Implication
Implications Based on the result, knowing the challenges on the usefulness, design, and
material used of a manual attendance will help the Grade 11 Senior High School students of STI College
Cotabato to avoid encountering those problems that will occur while taking their attendance through
manual attendance. The respondents of the study often have observations about the challenges on the
manual attendance on each category. However, it is not enough to eradicate and solve the problem that
traditional attendance checking caused. With the use of the researcher's product, which is the Identity
Badge Detector, will help everyone to maximize their time during class hours without wasting several
minutes by just checking the attendance manually.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATONS
This section includes the summary of the results pointing out the important results with the
conclusion and the recommendations for possible courses of action and further studies.
Summary of the Findings
The findings imply that eliminating the challenges that occur with manual attendance by
utilizing an effective and useful technology device can help students and teachers have a better
and less hassle method of checking the attendance. Teachers and students are aware that using
manual attendance increases the chance of distraction during class hours. Eliminating the
challenges could be helpful to learners for them to be able to properly focus while their teacher is
discussing on the front. In addition, it could save so much time, it avoids manipulation of data, it
can avoid human error, and it would be more convenient. The challenges that occur with manual
attendance hinder teachers and students from achieving an accurate and precise attendance
record. Students have observed the usefulness, design, and materials of the manual attendance
system, but if more people would observe the situation that's happening, it would be a good start
for a change to a healthier and better method of checking the attendance.

Conclusion
Researchers concluded that manual attendance is indeed inefficient when recording
student attendance in a classroom. In terms of time and teacher’s workload, they are prone to
human error and fake attendance, which introduced inaccuracy into the recorded data. Several
issues are identified as follows; a) Time inefficiency, rollcall is a time-consuming procedure that
wastes lecture time by calling out the names of each enrolled student and recording their
attendance. Even if it does not necessarily halt or stop the ongoing lecture but the problem with
this approach is that during the lecture time it may distract the attention of the student, b.) Labor
intensiveness, this procedure is required for subsequent data processing, such as calculating
attendance percentages for each student or course. Such a procedure is time consuming and labor
intensive, especially for institutions with a large number of classes and students, c.) Human error,
students may sign the attendance sheet for other students who are absent from class. Because of
this inaccuracy, the data no longer accurately represents actual student attendance in a class and
thus fails to serve its purpose, and d.) Distraction, although it does not directly interrupt the
lecture, the sign-in sheet may be considered a distraction. In this paper, a reliable, secure, fast
and an efficient class attendance management system has been developed replacing a manual and
unreliable system. Maximizing student’s attendance reduces the errors that occur in the
traditional (manual) attendance taking system. The goal is to automate and create a system that
will benefit an organization such as an institute. Inside the classroom, the efficient and accurate
method of attendance can replace the old manual methods. This method is sufficiently secure,
dependable, and accessible.

Recommendations
Researchers suggest potential actions and future study topics based on the results and
conclusions of their analysis.
A. Courses of Action
Listed below are the possible actions that can be taken to avoid the occurrence of challenges to
the manual attendance and to achieve a better way of checking the attendance:
1. Teachers should be able to save time for class hours instead of calling the students one
by one to check their attendance.
2. Instead of losing concentration because they are paying close attention to their
classmates' attendance, students should concentrate on the teacher speaking and
discussing in front of them.
3. Checking of attendance should be more convenient where it doesn’t require someone to
manually operate the attendance record.
4. Attendance data should not be able to be easily manipulated by the user.
5. Attendance records should look organized and clean to avoid confusion that will often
lead to human error.
6. School should not waste several papers for attendance.
7. School should utilize a sufficient technical device like Identity Badge Detector

B. Further Studies
Enumerated below are the recommended studies that can be studied further.
1. Satisfaction of Grade 12 Senior High School Students on the implementation of
automated attendance system.
2. The impact of Poor attendance management to the student's behavior.
3. The Influence of Modernized Attendance System on the Academic Performance of
Grade 12 Senior High School Students of STI College Cotabato.
4. A Case Study on how grade 12 Senior High School Students perceived the errors occurs
in traditional attendance tracking system.
5. A Case Study on the Grade 12 Senior High School Students of STI College Cotabato
about the Effectiveness of Identity Badge Detector in Minimizing Manual Attendance.

References
Ahmed, M. (2021, January 05). Advantages of Student Automated Attendance Management
System for Schools and Colleges. Retrieved from https://www.iitms.co.in/blog/automated-
student-attendance-management-system-for-schools-and-colleges.html
Ahmad, N., Mohamed, S. A., Ahmad, Z. U., Ahmat H., & Alias, F. A. (2020, June 30).
Enhancing Attendance and Student Exam Score Based on Mobile Attendance Application.
UiTMIR. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/33229/
Bowers, J.D., Dille, D.H., & McPherson, J.G. (n.d). The Influence of Ink and Paper on the
Stability and Legibility of Handwritten Records. Journal of the American Medical Association,
267(3), 364-367.
DELLOSA, R. M. (2014). Design and Evaluation of the Electronic ClassRecord for LPULaguna.
Asia Pacific Journal of MultidisciplinaryResearch, 64-71.

Dr. B. Chellaprabha, S. Dhilipkumar, P. Ajesh, S. Giridha. (2018, April 24). A Fingerprint based
Attendance Management System using GSM. International journal of engineering research and
technology (IJERT). Retrieved from https://www.ijert.org/a-fingerprint-based-attendance-
management-system-using-gsm
Gottfried, M. A. (2010). Evaluating the relationship between student attendance and achievement
in urban elementary and middle schools: An instrumental variables approach. American
Educational Research Journal, 47(2): 434-465.
Kassarnig, V. (2017, November 8). Class Attendance, Peer Similarity, and Academic
Performance in Large Field Study. PLOS ONE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5678706/
Lodha, R., Gupta, S., Jain, H., & Narula, H. (2015). Bluetooth Smart Based Attendance
Management System. ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091500330
Oghuvbu, E. P. (2010). Attendance and academic performance of students in secondary schools:
A correlational approach. Studies on Home and Community Science, 4(1): 21-25.

Oyewo Olugbenga Ayodeji, Olutayo Kehinde Boyinbode. (2020, February). Performance
Modelling of a Random Token Generating Class Attendance System. British Journal of Science,
18, 142. Retrieved from
file:///C:/Users/Library/Downloads/PerformanceModellingofaRamdomTokenGeneratingClassAtt
endanceSystem.pdf
Patel, S., Kumar, P., Garg, S., & Kumar, R. (2018, May 31). Face Recognition based smart
attendance system using IOT. Google Scholar. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=face+recognition+based+smart+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1673110913
428&u=%23p%3DuNIBT1FmBNkJ
Siti Hawa Apandi, R. M. (n.d.). Development of Attendance Management System: An
Experience. Retrieved from https://toaz.info/doc-view
Snyder, R. (n.d) Visually Taking Classroom Attendance Quickly and Efficiently Using a
Computer. Google Scholar.https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=visually+taking+classroom+attendance&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=16731
10327553&u=%23p%3D0rUaUs1pFisJ

SURVEY QUETIONAIRE
Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendance As Perceived

by Grade 11 Senior High School Students of STI College Cotabato
I. Profile of the Respondent
Name: (Optional) Sex:

Strand:
Direction: Put a check on the Circle that corresponds your answer on the following questions.
1. Have you experienced being taken your attendance by your teacher using a
manual Attendance? (If your answer is yes, please proceed to the next
question. If No, Skip question 2.)
o Yes
o No
2. What kind/s of manual attendance did your teachers use?
o Logbook
o Student’s Personal Notebook
o Excel Attendance Sheet (Usage of Teacher’s Laptop)
o Teacher’s Class Record
o Others, please specify_______

II. Challenges on the existing Manual Attendance
Instruction: Kindly rate the following Challenges on the existing Manual Attendance.
Put check ( ) in the box based on the number of your choice.
1 2 3 4
A. Usefulness Not Sometimes Often Always

Observed Observed Observed Observed
1. Manual Attendance is only

convenient when the teacher is
around, or someone is assigned to
conduct an attendance in class.
2. Manual Attendance consumes

Time to write and check the
attendance.
3. Manual attendance only has one

copy and requires hand effort to
duplicate.
4. Manual attendance cannot avoid

human error.
5. Manual Attendance can be

manipulated by the user.

1 2 3 4
B. Design and Appeal Not Sometimes Often Always

1. Manual Attendance is not

spacious enough, so it is hard to
write down the names of the
students.
2. Due to different handwritings,

manual attendance might become
less attractive.
3. Manual Attendance might look

messy because of pen’s ink.
4. The format of the manual

attendance might appear
confusing.
5. Manual Attendance's color of

pages are jut plain white, so the
stains are most likely visible..
1 2 3 4
C. Material Used Not Sometimes Often Always

1. Manual Attendance can be easily

ripped due to paper materials.
2. Manual attendance is lightweight,

so it can easily be misplaced.
3. Manual Attendance sometimes uses

random paper to conduct
attendance.
4. Manual attendance requires a pen

and sheets.
5. Manual Attendance consumes more

pages when it comes to bigger
classes.


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IDENTITY BADGE DETECTOR: CHALLENGES OF MANUAL

ATTENDANCE AS PERCEIVED BY GRADE 11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School Department

STI College Cotabato

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Senior High School Practical Research

Mantawil, Amir Almajan K.

Romaldon, Yvonne Kate D.

Ebrahim, Baby Alaiza A.

Villa, Mary Ann O.

Macabalang, Cathlyn Janelle T.

Dalandag, Ameer Termizie T.

NORMAN G. ESMUNDO, LPT

the significance of the study and the definition of terms.

solutions for improving the effectiveness of these systems.

According to Dellosa (2014), one potential limitation of manual attendance systems

attendance percentage and potentially affecting the student's grades.

As much as taking of attendance affects the continuous learning of the students at a

check individually and because of that, it is sometimes leading to an inaccurate taking of

by researchers, can help to save time by streamlining the attendance-taking process.

Disadvantages of Utilizing Manual Attendance Tracking

“Attendance” – is an unavoidable part of any class or lecture. Marking attendance is quite

does not contribute to student progress.

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

external manual work.

the drawbacks of using a manual attendance monitoring system.

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

improved academic performance. The accuracy of manual attendance tracking in educational

a significant impact on academic performance. It is therefore important for attendance to be

noted by Lodha et al. (2015).

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

systems can negatively impact a student's academic performance, as shown in a study by

Consequently, to avoid these problems and help improve students' academic

that can negatively impact students' grades.

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

other important responsibilities such as lesson planning, curriculum development, and

professional development. By finding ways to reduce the workload of teachers in tracking

decrease the workload of teachers, it would be beneficial to streamline the attendance-tracking

The teachers have an important responsibility to play in monitoring, verifying, and

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

Therefore, by finding ways to reduce the workload of teachers in tracking attendance,

administrative burden of attendance tracking.

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

academic success and balance their responsibilities. By prioritizing tasks, increasing

available for other important tasks.

According to Jones (2018), Poor time management in the classroom is a common

including teacher-centered instruction, student misbehavior, and a lack of clear goals or

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

reasons, such as tracking student participation and determining grades.

As a result, manual attendance taking can be a significant factor in poor time

may be beneficial to implement an automated attendance system, such as Identity Badge

student learning and achievement.

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

inevitable that we will not be stressed.

can take away from other tasks and responsibilities.

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

prevent stress caused by manual attendance, it is recommended to implement an automated

Identity Badge Detector: Challenges on Manual Attendances as Perceived by Grade 11

Continuous discussion helps keep students engaged in the material and

encourages active participation in the learning process. It promotes deep understanding by

Traditional taking of attendance can be time-consuming, and it takes up a significant portion of

burdensome for teachers to take attendance during a lecture.