Atomic Structure,

Subatomic Particles,
Molecules and Ions
The Structure of
the Atom
The Basic Unit of Matter
 Subatomic Particles of an ATOM

- Negative Charge particle 𝑒− - Neutral particle (no charge)

- Mass of 9.10938 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟖 g - Mass of 1.67493 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟒 g

- Found outside the nucleus of atom - Found inside the nucleus of atom
𝑛0

𝑝+

In a neutral atom, the

is
to the
- Positive Charge particle
but not necessary - Mass of 1.67262 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟒 g
- Found inside the nucleus of atom
 IDENTIFICATION OF ATOM

01 ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number: 26

- Represent by Z “Zahl”
Fe
26
Iron has 26 protons and 26 electrons

- It is the number of protons Iron

in the nucleus of an atom of
the element.

Atomic Number: 82
Pb
- It also indicates the
number of electrons present
in the atom.
82 Lead has 82 protons and 82 electrons

Lead
 IDENTIFICATION OF ATOM
Mass number (A) = number of protons (𝑝+ ) + number of neutrons (𝑛0 )
= atomic number (𝑍) + number of neutrons (𝑛0 )
02 MASS NUMBER
number of protons (𝑝+ ) = 17 Mass number (𝐴) = x
- Represent by A “Atomgewicht” number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = 18

17
Cl Mass number (A) = +
- It is the total number of
Mass number (A) = +
protons and number of
neutrons in the nucleus of an Chlorine Mass number (A) = 35
atom of the element.
Mass number (A) = 127 Number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = x
number of protons (𝑝+ ) = 53

I
127
number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = -
0
number of neutrons (𝑛 ) = -
0
number of neutrons (𝑛 ) = 74
Iodine
 Representation/ Element
Shorthand Notation Symbol Represent the given element using its
symbol, atomic number and
mass number

Mass number Gold (Au):

Atomic number: 79 197
Mass number: 197 79Au
𝐴
𝑍𝑋 Silver (Ag):
Mass number: 108 108
47Ag
Atomic number: 47

Atomic
number
 IDENTIFICATION OF ATOM

number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = –

03 ISOTOPES
Atomic number (Z) = 27
- Atoms with the Mass number (A) = 59

Co
59
but different
in mass number number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = -
27 number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = -
- Since isotopes have
number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = 32
they have the
same number of proton. Cobalt - 59

- The change in Mass number (A) = 60

is the reason for number of protons (𝑝+ ) = 27

Co
the . 60
number of neutrons (𝑛0 ) = -
27 0
number of neutrons (𝑛 ) = -
0
number of neutrons (𝑛 ) = 33
Cobalt - 60
MOLECULES
TWO OR MORE ATOMS THAT ARE CHEMICALLY
BONDED TOGETHER
 DIATOMIC MOLECULES
2 ATOMS ARE INVOLVE

SAME ATOMS DIFFERENT ATOMS

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS

Hydrogen Gas
Cl Hydrogen chloride
Chlorine Gas

Hydrogen fluoride F

C O Carbon monoxide
 POLYATOMIC MOLECULES
MORE THAN 2 ATOMS ARE INVOLVE
H O

H C O H
H

Water H O C H

O C O
H C O H
Carbon dioxide
H C O H

H C O H

Glucose H
IONS
ATOMS OR GROUP OF ATOMS THAT HAS A
NET CHARGE DUE
 TYPES OF IONS
BASED ON THE NET CHARGE

CATION ANIONS
ION WITH NET POSITIVE CHARGE ION WITH NET NEGATIVE CHARGE
ELECTRON IS LOSS ELECTRON IS GAINED

𝑝+ + 𝑒 − = net charge 𝑝+ + 𝑒 − = net charge

11 + (-11) = 0 11 + (-10) = 1 17 + (-17) = 0 17 + (-18) = -1

 TYPES OF IONS
BASED ON THE NUMBER OF ATOMS INVOLVE

MONATOMIC IONS POLYATOMIC IONS

ONE ATOM MORE THAN ONE ATOMS

2+ 𝑂𝐻 − Hydroxide ion
𝑀𝑔 Magnesium ion
1 Hydrogen atom and 1 atom of Oxygen
𝐹𝑒 3+ Iron ion
𝑁𝐻4+ Ammonium ion
𝑆 2− Sulfide ion 1 Nitrogen atom and 4 atom of Hydrogen

𝑁 3− Nitride ion
 01 05

Atomic Number (Z)

Number of electrons (𝑒 − )
74
74

02
184 04

Mass number (A) 74𝑊 Number of neutrons (𝑛0 )

184 110

03

Number of protons (𝑝+ )

74
 03

Atomic Number (Z)

Number of electrons (𝑒 − )
13
10

02
3+
𝐴𝑙 Number of neutrons (𝑛0 )
Mass number (A)
27 14

01

Number of protons (𝑝+ )

13
Given Z A 𝑷+ 𝒆− 𝒏𝟎

64
29𝐶𝑢 29 64 29 29 35

𝐴𝑔3+ 47 108 47 44 61

56𝐵𝑎
56 137 56 56 81

𝑆𝑒 2− 34 79 34 36 45
65 30
𝑍𝑛 30 65 30 35