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 Important Articles of the Day
1.5oC Breached on 86 Days this year: UN Report
Page9, GS3, Environment

International Film Festival of India

Page9 | GS2, International Relations

In building Himalayas tunnels, support and monitoring key, say

experts
Page13, GS3, Infrastructure | GS3, Disaster Management

President Elections Argentina

Page13, GS2, International Relations

Governor's Role in Passing bills

Page13, GS2, Polity
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Page13, GS2, Polity – Centre State Relations

The Context
• The increasingly common practice of Raj Bhavans halting the elected government’s lawmaking process
has some to the limelight after Tamil Nadu Governor R N Ravi has withheld his assent to a batch of 10 Bills.
• At least four opposition-ruled states are before the SC seeking relief from this practice.
 WHAT DOES THE CONSTITUTION SAY?

Notable Articles

4 Options for Governor

• Article 163 of the Constitution deals with the powers of the grant assent
Governor generally
• Article 200 specifically deals with the issue of granting assent withhold assent
to Bills.
Bone of Contention return the Bills

May, as soon as possible” return Bills other than

money Bills
reserve the Bill

If state legislature passes the bill again, the Governor

shall not withhold the assent.
 CAN A GOVERNOR ACTUALLY SIT ON A BILL FOREVER?
Giving assent to Bills is one of the few areas in which the Governor can
exercise his discretion.

Cannot be used Arbitrarily based on personal preference. It should only be in

Constitutional terms with Cogent Reasons

Nabam Rebia and Bamang Felix vs Deputy Speaker

• The Supreme Court in its landmark 2016 ruling in the
Arunachal Pradesh Assembly case discussed this discretion.
 WHY IS TAMIL NADU SO ANNOYED?
TN Governor RN Ravi is bringing the entire administration to a halt and “creating
adversarial attitude by not cooperating with the State administration”

Allegations by State

No Grant of
Not signing Not Signing Day to Not sanctioning Not approving Approval to Sitting on Bills for
Remission Orders Day Files appointments Recruitment Orders prosecute corrupt too long
Ministers and MLAs

Way forward for Supreme Court

• Issue of Fixing Timeline: Whether SC can prescribe limits to an office exercising constitutional powers.
• In the past, the court has reluctantly fixed timelines for the Speaker’s office to decide disqualification cases.
• A Governor cannot be made a party before the Supreme Court.
 PRELIMS mcq

Q. Identify the correct statements in context of Governors in India:

1. Powers of Governor are defined under Article 163 of the Constitution of India.
2. As per Constitution Governor can withhold assent to a non-money Bill passed by State
Legislature for an indefinite period
3. A governor cannot be made party before Supreme Court
Select the correct answer using the codes below:
a) Only 1 statement is correct
b) Only 2 statements are correct
c) All are correct
d) None of above
Answer:B
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Page13, GS3, Infrastructure | GS3, Disaster Management

Context
• The under-construction Silkyara-Barkot tunnel on the Yamunotri National
Highway in Uttarakhand’s Uttarkashi district collapsed at dawn on November 12.

Were adequate support structures provided to prop up weak rock?

Was the excavation process sufficiently monitored?

 ACCOUNTING FOR SHEAR ZONE

With tunnel construction in the Himalayas, the collapse of weak rock mass is common.

Shear Zone
• A shear zone is created when there is movement between two rocks
and the rock gets crushed.
• This crushed rock can change its behaviour, it may have clay, or it
may get weathered over time.

Protecting
Shear Zone

Forepoles Rockbolts
 NEED FOR MONITORING

Shotcrete: concrete placed by a high velocity pneumatic

projection from a nozzle.
 Shotcrete: concrete placed by a high velocity
pneumatic projection from a nozzle.

Barkot Thrust: Barkot is a place in Uttarkashi and a

geological fault there is referred to as BT.

Shearzone: A shear zone is a zone in which

shearing has occurred so that the rock mass is
crushed.

Forepole: any of a number of boards or timbers

driven forward on top of a set to protect miners
lengthening a tunnel from falling debris

Rockbolt: a steel or fiberglass bolt inserted and anchored in a hole

drilled in rock to prevent caving of the roof of a tunnel.
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Page13, GS2, International Relations

Political Relations
• India‐Argentina relations were elevated to the level of Strategic Partnership in February 2019.
• India opened a Trade Commission in Buenos Aires in 1943, which was later converted into one of the first
embassies of India in South America in 1949.
• Argentina had established a Consulate in Calcutta in the 1920s, which was transferred to Delhi as an
Embassy in 1950.
 INDIA-ARGENTINA RELATIONS

Economic Relations
• India is the 4th largest trading partner of Argentina, with bilateral trade touching a historic peak of USD 6.4
billion in 2022, recording a growth rate of 12% over 2021.
• Major items of India’s exports to Argentina include petroleum oils, agrochemicals, yarn-fabric-made ups,
organic chemicals, bulk drugs and two-wheelers.
• Major items of India’s imports from Argentina include vegetable oils (soya bean and sunflower), finished
leather, cereals, residual chemicals and allied products and pulses.
 MORE ABOUT ARGENTINA

• Capital: Buenos Aires.

• Official Language: Spanish.
• Argentina is the eighth largest country in the world.
• The country is bounded by Chile to the south and west, Bolivia
and Paraguay to the north, and Brazil, Uruguay, and the
Atlantic Ocean to the east.
• The talest point in the Andes range the Cerro Aconcagua IS IN
Argentina.
• Argentina is rich in resources, has a well-educated workforce,
and is one of South America's largest economies.
• The International Film Festival of India (IFFI),
founded in 1952, is among Asia’s most
prominent film festivals.
• It is held annually, currently in the state of Goa.
• Since 2004, starting from the 35th edition, the
International Film Festival of India, became
globally competitive, and moved to its
permanent venue Goa, and is being held during
the months of November and December of each
year.
• The festival is conducted jointly by the Ministry
of Information and Broadcasting, Directorate of
Film Festivals and the Government of Goa.
• The idea of the International Film Festival of
India is to celebrate films, the stories they tell
and the people behind them.
Page9, GS3, Environment