Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}

Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

Fill in the answer here for PART A (50 marks).

Instruction to all candidates
Please write your answers clearly in the boxes provided. Questions with more than 1 box require as
many answers.

1 1 mark
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18 8 marks
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Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 1 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 1. [1 mark]:

Figure 1 below relates Young’s Modulus to Density. Choose the most appropriate alternative from
the list below.
A. The area identified as ‘B’ belongs to the class of metals.
B. The area identified as ‘C’ belongs to the class of ceramics.
C. The area identified as ‘A’ belongs to the class of metals.
D. The area identified as ‘F’ belongs to the class of ceramics.
E. The area identified as ‘A’ belongs to the class of composites.
F. The area identified as ‘B’ belongs to the class of foams.

B
A

C
F

Figure 1

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 2 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 2. [1 mark]:

According to the AISI-SAE designation for steels, the 4140 steel refers to:
A. Plain carbon alloy steel with 0.40% carbon (1XXX)
B. Cr-Mo alloy steel with 0.40% carbon
C. Plain carbon alloy steel with 4.00% carbon
D. Cr-Mo alloy steel with 4.00% carbon
E. Plain carbon alloy steel with 0.41% carbon
F. Cr-Mo alloy steel with 0.41% carbon

QUESTION 3. [1 mark]:

Figure 2 relates to physical, intrinsic properties of various materials. Parts (A) and (B) relate to two
different properties. The horizontal scales are only indicated for reference purposes. Choose the
most appropriate alternative from the list below.
A. Part (A) refers to the tensile strength of the materials.
B. Part (A) is the ratio of the tensile strength to density of the materials.
C. Part (B) refers to the tensile strength of the materials.
D. Part (B) is the ratio of the tensile strength to density of the materials.
E. Part (B) relates to the absolute electrical conductivity of the materials.
F. None of the above are correct.

A B
Figure 2

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 3 of 32

 Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 4. [1 mark]:

Figure 3 relates to 4 different classes of materials and their Young’s modulus. Refer to the
horizontal axis that is labelled “Type of Material”. Choose the most appropriate alternative from the
list below.
A. Material 1 belongs to the class of materials identified as “polymers”.
B. Material 1 belongs to the class of materials identified as “metals”.
C. Material 1 belongs to the class of materials identified as “ceramics”.
D. Material 2 belongs to the class of materials identified as “metals”.
E. Material 2 belongs to the class of materials identified as “ceramics”.
F. Material 2 belongs to the class of materials identified as “composites”.

Figure 3

Choose the most appropriate alternative from the list below.

A. The modulus of a structural steel is, typically, 50 GPa.
B. The modulus of a structural steel is, typically, 100 GPa.
C. The modulus of a structural steel is, typically, 150 GPa.
D. The modulus of a structural steel is, typically, 200 GPa.
E. The modulus of a structural steel is, typically, 400 GPa.
F. The modulus of a structural steel is, typically, 600 GPa.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 4 of 32

 Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 5. [1 mark]:

Figure 4 relates to a primary shaping process that is employed for a polymer-based material.
Several components of this device have not been identified. Choose the most appropriate alternative
from the list below.
A. Part A is the location where powder is injected into the device.
B. Part A is a heater that removes residual stresses.
C. Part B is the location where powder is injected into the device.
D. Part B is a segmental sleeve to add strength to the cylinder.
E. Part C is a component that allows the powder to be injected into the mold.
F. Part D is the location where powder is injected into the device.

A
Moul D
Granular
Nozzle
Cylinder

B
Heat C
Scre

Figure 4

Choose the most appropriate alternative from the list below.

A. The slag reaction during the refinement of steel ore involves the reaction of CaO, SiO2
and Al2O3.
B. The slag reaction during the refinement of steel ore involves the reaction of CaO and
CO2.
C. The slag reaction during the refinement of steel ore involves the reduction of iron oxide
to iron.
D. Heat in a blast furnace is generated by electrical energy from a plasma reaction.
E. The slag reaction occurs outside the furnace when the molten iron is recovered.
F. None of the above are true.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 5 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 6. [1 mark]:

The diagram, Figure 5, shows five positions (A, B, C, D, and E) on a phase diagram that give rise
to the 5 different phase microstructures (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).
Choose the microstructure that is most appropriate for Region C.
A. The most appropriate microstructure is 1.
B. The most appropriate microstructure is 2.
C. The most appropriate microstructure is 3.
D. The most appropriate microstructure is 4.
E. The most appropriate microstructure is 5.
F. The most appropriate microstructure is not shown in this figure.

Figure 5

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 6 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 7. [1 mark]:

Determine the approximate phase compositions (not “proportions”) that are present for the alloy 20
wt% Ag – 80 wt% Cu at a temperature of 800°C in Figure 6.
Cα CL Cβ
A. 8 wt% Ag 68 wt% Ag None
B. 68 wt% Ag 18 wt% Ag None
C. 79 wt% Ag 21 wt% Ag None
D. 68 wt% Ag 18 wt% Ag 12% wt% Ag
E. 18 wt% Ag None 98 wt% Ag
F. None of the above options

Figure 6

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 7 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 8. [1 mark]:

Refer to the iron-carbon phase diagram below (Fig.7) and select the most appropriate answer from
the list below. The maximum solid solubility of carbon in iron at the eutectoid temperature is:
A. 4.3 wt% carbon
B. 0.022 wt% carbon
C. 0.76 wt% carbon
D. 0.22 wt% carbon
E. 0.076 wt% carbon
F. None of the above

Figure.7

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 8 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 9. [1 mark]:

Determine the phases that are present for the alloy 15 wt% Sn – 85 wt% Pb at temperature of 275°C
in Figure 88.
A. α
B. β
C. α + β
D. γ
E. α + L
F. None of the above options

Figure 8

QUESTION 10. [2 marks]:

Consider a water-sugar binary phase containing dissolved sugar and undissolved sugar mixture. The
concentration of dissolved sugar can be increased by:
A. Removing undissolved sugar from the solution
B. Increasing the temperature of the solution and adding more sugar
C. Cooling the solution
D. Adding sugar to the solution when the solution is at its maximum solid solubility
E. Adding salt to the solution
F. None of the above are viable methods.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 9 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 11. [2 marks]:

Suppose that a steel as shown in Figure 9 is cooled to 650°C from 760°C in less than 0.5 seconds
and held at this temperature. What is the minimum time it take for the austenite – pearlite reaction
to go to 100% completion?
A. 1 second
B. 15 seconds
C. 150 seconds
D. 1500 seconds
E. 15000 seconds
F. None of the above options

Figure 9

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 10 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 12. [2 marks]:

Given the Time-Temperature paths on the isothermal transformation diagram in Figure 10, what
are the final microstructures after each of the cooling paths?
1 2 3 4
A. Austenite Martensite Bainite Pearlite and Bainite
B. Austenite and Martensite Martensite and Fine pearlite
Martensite Bainite
C. Martensite Austenite Coarse pearlite Fine pearlite
D. Austenite Tempered Cementite Martensite
martensite
E. Austenite Bainite Martensite Tempered martensite
F. None of the above options

Figure 10

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 11 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 13. [1 mark]:

The question concerns grey cast iron. Choose the most appropriate alternative from the list below.
A. Grey cast iron consists only of pearlite and ferrite.
B. Grey cast iron is harder than white cast iron.
C. Grey cast iron has better machinability than ductile iron.
D. Grey cast iron has all the carbon in the form of graphite.
E. Grey cast iron should not be used under compression or wear conditions.
F. Grey cast iron is very difficult to machine.

QUESTION 14. [1 mark]:

Choose the most appropriate alternative from the list below.

A. The carbon content of steels is not set to any limit.
B. The carbon content of steels is, typically, between 0.76% and 4.3%; i.e., between
the eutectoid and eutectic compositions.
C. The carbon content of steels is, typically, greater than 1.4%.
D. The carbon content of steels is, typically, less than 1.4%.
E. The carbon content of steels is determined only by the cooling conditions during the casting
process.
F. The carbon content of steels may be altered by a quenching process after casting.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 12 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 15. [1 mark]:

The iron-carbon phase diagram in Figure 17 shows a 0.45%C hypoeutectoid plain-carbon steel
slowly cooled from 950°C to a temperature just slightly above 723°C. Calculate the weight percent
austenite and weight percent proeutectoid ferrite in this steel. Choose the correct alternative from
the table.
Austenite Ferrite
A. 40% 60%
B. 45% 55%
C. 55% 45%
D. 98% 2%
E. 60% 40%
F. None of the above options

Figure 17

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 13 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 16. [2 marks]:

Refer to the Fe-C diagram and set of microstructures below Figure 8, match the final
microstructure (1,2, and 3) to the correct location on the Fe-C diagram (A to E), under slow cooling
rate. (Hint: The answer is unique when the eutectoid phase is identified.)

Matching final microstructure

1 2 3
A. B A C
B. B C D
C. C D E
D. A C E
E. E B D
F. All are true

B D

A C E

(1) (2) (3)

Figure 8

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 14 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 17. [2 marks]:

Figure 9 shows the microscope images of bainite and martensite microstructures. With reference to
Figure 10, choose the most appropriate statement that best describe these microstructures.
A. Microstructure 1 is martensite and is produced by Line 4
B. Microstructure 2 is bainite and is produced by Line 1
C. Microstructure 2 is bainite and is produced by Line 2
D. Microstructure 1 is martensite and is produced by Line 3.
E. Microstructure 1 is bainite and is produced by Line 4.
F. None of the above.

1 2
Figure 9

Figure 10

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 15 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 18. [8 marks]:

TRUE-FALSE - Circle the correct answers.

Pearlite is a unique phase in the Fe-C system at room
A TRUE FALSE
temperature.

A eutectic phase transformation involves two solid phases

B TRUE FALSE
forming from a liquid phase on cooling.

C Homogeneous nucleation is easier than heterogeneous nucleation. TRUE FALSE

The nose of a TTT curve occurs because of a competition

D TRUE FALSE
between the nucleation rate and the diffusion rate.

A steel is heated to a temperature of 600 ºC, held for a long time,

E TRUE FALSE
and then cooled in still air, is called spherodizing

Carburising is conducted in a gas environment and involves the

F diffusion of nitrogen into the surface to produce a controlled TRUE FALSE
depth of hard alloy-nitrides.

Rapid heating and cooling in localized regions during fusion

G welding result in thermal expansion and contraction that cause TRUE FALSE
residual stresses.

A 10XX steel exhibits greater hardenability than a 40XX tool

H TRUE FALSE
steel.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 16 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 19. [2 marks]:

Suppose that a steel of eutectoid composition as shown in Figure 11 is cooled to 675°C from 760°C
in less than 0.5 seconds and held at this temperature for a long time. Once the reaction is complete,
which of the following will be the resulting microstructure:
A. Fine Pearlite
B. Coarse Pearlite
C. Bainite
D. Martensite
E. Tempered Martensite
F. Spherodite

Figure 115

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 17 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 20. [2 marks]:

This question refers to precipitation hardening. Select the most appropriate statement from those
provided below.
A. The alloy must be heated to a temperature below the solvus line into the “alpha + beta”
phase region and held for a period sufficient to dissolve the beta phase
B. The alloy is heated to a temperature above the solvus line into the alpha phase region and
held for a period sufficient to dissolve the beta phase
C. The alloy must be quenched to room temperature so that precipitates can form in the solid
solution.
D. The alloy is heated to a temperature below the solvus to cause precipitation of
coarse particles of the beta phase.
E. The alloy is heated to a temperature above ~ 725°C to cause precipitation of fine particles of
the beta phase.
F. The martensite phase is formed and this gives rise to the improved mechanical properties.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 18 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 21. [1 mark]:

Figure 12 below represents a surface hardening process. Select the process from the alternatives
listed.
A. Magnetic hardening.
B. Flame hardening and quench.
C. Induction hardening.
D. PVD by means of induced currents.
E. Strain hardening by compression.
F. Thermal spray under a vacuum system.

Figure 12

QUESTION 22. [2 marks]:

Which of the following process(es) are classified as solid state welding?

A. Diffusion welding
B. Resistance spot welding
C. Roll welding
D. Thermit welding
E. Electron beam welding
F. Electrogas welding

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 19 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 23. [1 mark]:

The following statements refer to welding processes. Which one of these statements is considered
as an advantage of welding?
A. Impossible to dissemble joints without destroying detail parts.
B. Unbalanced heat input leads to distortion or residual stresses.
C. Heat of welding degrades base properties.
D. Joints of exceptional structural integrity that will not accidently loosen or dissemble.
E. Requires considerable operator skill.
F. An expensive process that requires a significant capital outlay

QUESTION 24. [1 mark]:

Refer to Figure 13 below and pick the best alternative for the list below.
A. Part (a) of the figure represents a butt joint.
B. Part (b) of the figure represents a lap joint.
C. Part (c) of the figure represents a tee joint.
D. Part (d) of the figure represents an edge joint.
E. None of these are butt joints.
F. Parts (a), (b), (c) and (d) all represent various forms of edge joints.

Figure 13

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 20 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 25. [2 marks]:

Pick the statement that can be best applied to thermal-chemical treatments.

A. Nitriding and nitrocarburizing are performed at temperatures above the austenite
phase formation temperature.
B. Elements are transferred from solid, liquid, gas or plasma media.
C. Martensite transformation does not influence the hardness of the heat treated material.
D. Only the element carbon is used in thermal-chemical treatments.
E. Nitriding is not a thermal-chemical treatment.

QUESTION 26. [1 mark]:

Figure 148 refers to a casting operation. Select the most appropriate statement from those presented
below.
A. The artefact indicated as ‘c’ represents a ‘core’.
B. The artefact indicated as ‘e’ represents the ‘riser’.
C. The artefact indicated as ‘a’ represents the ‘cope’.
D. The artefact indicated as ‘a’ represents the ‘drag.
E. The artefact indicated as ‘g’ represents the ‘parting line.
F. The artefact indicated as ‘j’ represents a ‘riser’.

Figure 148

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 21 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 27. [2 marks]:

Figure 159 below shows the influence of chill blocks or no chill blocks on a casting that has
geometry in the shape of an inverted ‘T’. Which two schematics are most representative of a good
casting operation?
A. Sub-figure A.
B. Sub-figure B.
C. Sub-figure C.
D. Sub-figure D.
E. Sub-figure E.
F. Sub-figure F.

Figure 159

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 22 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 28. [2 marks]:

Figure 16 indicates various casting defects. Which of these schematics is representative of a defect
that is known as a ‘cold shut’?
A. Sub-figure A.
B. Sub-figure B.
C. Sub-figure C.
D. Sub-figure D.
E. Sub-figure E.
F. Sub-figure F.

Figure 16

QUESTION 29. [2 mark]:

Choose the most appropriate alternative from the list below. In foundry work, a runner is which one
of the following:
A. A channel in the mould that leads from the downsprue to the main mould cavity.
B. Jargon that describes a foundryman who moves the molten metal to the mould.
C. A vertical channel into which molten metal is poured into the mould.
D. A part of the mould that is designed to allow gases to escape during the casting process.
E. A term to describe when molten metal escapes from the mould cavity.
F. An insert that is placed inside the mould cavity to assist in preferential cooling within the
mould.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 23 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

QUESTION 30. [2 marks]:

The following question refers to the feature of a casting that is called “the riser”. Choose the TWO
most appropriate answers from the list below. [Note: 1 mark is subtracted for each incorrect
answer.]
A. A blind riser is completely enclosed within the sand mould and connected to the main cavity
by a channel to feed the molten metal.
B. An open riser is completely enclosed within the sand mould and connected to the main
cavity by a channel to feed the molten metal.
C. A side riser is completely enclosed within the sand mould and connected to the main cavity
by a channel to feed the molten metal.
D. A top riser is completely enclosed within the sand mould and connected to the main cavity
by a channel to feed the molten metal.

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 24 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

PART B. Write your answers in the space provided in each questions.

Question 1: [8 marks]

In an orthogonal cutting test with a tool of rake angle 10, the following observations were made:
Chip thickness ratio = 0.3, horizontal component of the cutting force = 1290 N, vertical component of the
cutting force = 1650 N.
From the Merchant’s theory, calculate:
(a) shear plane angle (1 mark)
(b) shear force along the shear plane and normal force on the shear plane (2 marks)
(c) friction force along rake face and normal force on the rake face (2 marks)
(d) coefficient of friction between the tool and chip, and friction angle, and (2 marks)
(e) resultant cutting force, R (1 mark)
(f) shear plane angle from the relation suggested by Merchant, and compare with the shear angle found in
(a) , find the relative error. (2 marks)

You may find the following formulae useful in attempting this question:

a)

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 25 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

b) e)

c) f)

d)

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 26 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

Question B2 [10 marks]

(a) List four types of chips that can be distinguished in metal machining. (2 marks)

i. iii.

ii. iv.

(b) What are the two main functions of a cutting fluid in machining? (2 marks)

i.

ii.

(c) Explain why plain carbon steels show a rapid loss of their hot hardness, and what effect does it have
on the selection of cutting speed? (2 marks)

(d) What is the Merchant equation and what does this equation tell us about? (2 marks)

(e) Briefly discuss the influence of increasing shear plane angle, on cutting force, shear force,
power and temperature. (2 marks)

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 27 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

Question B3 [8 marks]
(a) Besides good accuracy and precision, what are the desirable attributes and features of a measuring
instrument? (2 marks)

(b) Give two common instruments used for angular measurement of a mechanical component.
(2 marks)

(c) Give a disadvantage of a GO/NO - GO gauge type. (2 marks)

(d) Give an example of a non-contact inspection technique. (2 marks)

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 28 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

Question B4 [12 marks]

a) Give an application where a cylindrical coordinate robot is used in industry. (1 mark)

b) Why would you choose a cylindrical coordinate robot for the application based on your answer in part (b)
above? (2 marks)

Fig B4.
c) Five through holes (No:1 to 5) are to be machined dry on an aluminium workpiece with a diameter of
80 mm (see Figure B4) and the holes are located 3 mm away for the edge. The diameter of the HSS
cutter is 10.0 mm jobber drill. It is known that the overall plate thickness is 20 mm thick. The spindle
home position is located at the centrelines of AC and BD which is marked “O” and is 30 mm above
the top surface of the plate. The recommended cutting speed and the feed is listed in Table 1. Write
a complete NC program to machine the 5 holes starting from Hole 1 through to Hole 5 using an
absolute programming system based on the standardised system of codes (G and M codes are
provided on the last page of the booklet). Note: Angle AOB is in first quadrant of Cartesian
coordinate system. All the holes are equally spaced within the each quadrant.

Table 1. Recommended cutting feed and speed (9 marks)

Cutter diameter Machining Speed(rpm) Feed (mm/rev)
10.0 mm Holes 1200 0.20

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 29 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

N10

N20

N30

N40

N50

N60

N70

N80

N90

N100

N110

N120

N130

N140

N150

N160

N170

N180

N190

N200

N210

N220

N230

N240

N250

N260

N270

N280
Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 30 of 32
Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

Question B5 [10 marks]

(a) Give two Random Errors that can affect a downtime in a manufacturing operation. (4 marks)

(b) What is the meaning of Taguchi’s robust design? (2 marks)

(c) What is the purpose of using Statistical Process Control (SPC) in a mass production environment?
(1 marks)

(d) What are the three types of noise factors found in a manufacturing environment? (3 marks)
i)

ii)

iii)

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 31 of 32

Swinburne University of Technology {MEE20005}
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology {Materials and Manufacturing 1}

Primary Exam, Semester 2 – 2016 Page 32 of 32