Answers

Chapter 20: Probability 12 a) Physics Chemistry

Starter 20 (page 390) 9

One dice: All six outcomes should occur with similar 12 10
frequencies.
20
Two dice: 7 should occur most often, with 6 and 8 also
17 14
having high frequencies.
18
Exercise 20.1 (page 393)
15
1 a) }}
40 5 3}8} b) 16
}}
40 5 2}5}
1 6 Biology
2 a) }}
7 b) }}
7 c) 0
b) i) 0.69    ii) 0.39 iii) 0.23
3 0.78
12
4 a) }}
50 5 }26}5 b) 96 Exercise 20.2 (page 396)
10
5 a) }}
30 5 13}} b) 20
}}
30 5 23}} c) 5
}}
30 5 16}} 1 a) 0.2 b) 0.9 c) 0.2 d) 0.4
2 a)
6 a) Activity Cinema Pizza Stay in
Science History Total
Hardback 10 18 28 Frequency 0.25 0.45 0.3

Paperback 20 32 52 b) Pizza
c) 0.75
Total 30 50 80 3 a)
10
b) }}
30 5 1}3} c) 32
}}
52 5 }18}3 Type of bird Blackbird Sparrow Starling Robin
46
7 a) }}
50 5 2}13}5 b) 28
3
Frequency 0.35 0.25 0.3 0.1
8 a) }}
50 b) }22}19
c) Disagree – data from one day, so not b) Blackbird
representative (may be biased). c) 0.65
9 a) d) 0.55
Tea Coffee Other Total 4
4 a) }}
7 b) 6}7}
Morning  
78 32  0 110 5 a)
0.3 b) 0.4
1
Afternoon  
22 48 20  90 6 a)}}
3 b) 2}3}
7 a)
0.7 b) 0.3 c) 0.15
Total 100 80 20 200 8 a)
Fred has added the two probabilities together.
32 16 b)
Julie thinks the two events might not be mutually
b) }} 5 }}
110 55 c) 2}92}0 5 1}41}5 d) 520 exclusive; a car can have unsafe lights and unsafe
18 3
10 a) }} 5 }}
30 5 b) 288 tyres.
c) Class 3G might not be representative of the school 9 a) 0.31 b) 144
as a whole. 10 a) 0.2 b) 20
7 11 2 5
11 a) c) }2}5, }2}5, }2}5, }2}5 d) 25
Multiples of 3 Factors of 18

Exercise 20.3 (page 399)

3
15 9 1 1 a) 0.09 b) 0.11
6 2 a)
18 2 1 1 2 3 4
12

11 1 2 3 4 5
4 8 14
10 5
16 2 3 4 5 6
7
Even numbers 13 17
3 4 5 6 7
6 1
b) i) or ii) 3 4 5 6 7 8
18 3 18
2
4 2 2 1 b) }}
16 5 18}} c) 1
}}
2
iii) or iv) or
18 9 18 9

43
Answers

2 4
3 a) }}
5 b) }}
25 5 a) 0.3 Hit
4 a) Hit
1 1 2 3 4 0.3
0.7 Miss
5 6 7 8 9 Hit
6 7 8 9 10 0.3 Hit
0.3 0.7 Miss
b) }28} 5 }14} c) 5 0.7 Miss
1 5 1
5 a) }}
6 b) }}
36 c) }}
36

6 a) 0.7 b) 0.09 c) 0.063 0.3 Hit

0.7 Hit
7 a) }1141}4 b) 121
}}
144
0.3
0.7 Miss
8 a) 0.24 b) 0.01 c) 15 days
Miss
0.3 Hit
Exercise 20.4 (page 401) 0.3 Miss
1 a) 0.2 Miss
Correct 0.7
0.2 Correct
b) 0.027 c) 0.441
0.8 Incorrect
Exercise 20.5 (page 404)
0.2 Correct
0.8 1 a) 3
Red
Incorrect 9
4 Red
0.8 Incorrect 10
6
9
Black
b) 0.04 4
Red
c) 0.32 6
9
10 Black
2 a) 2
3 Ravi wins 5
9 Black
1 Ravi wins
30
2
1 Leon wins b) }}
90 5 1}3} c) 42
}}
90 5 }17}5
3
2 a) 8
2
11 Black
1 3 Ravi wins 9 Black
2 12
Leon wins 3
11
Blue
1 Leon wins 9
3 11 Black
3
4 2 4 Blue
b) }}
9 c) }}
9 d) }}
9
12
2
3 a) 11 Blue
Joan Simi
72
Buys ticket b) }}
132 5 }16}1 c) 78
}}
132 5 }12}32
0.4
Buys 3 a) 9
0.3 14 Red
ticket
0.6 Does not buy 10
15
Red
ticket 5
Black
14
0.4 Buys ticket 10
Red
0.7 Does not 5
14

buy ticket 15 Black

0.6 Does not buy 4
14 Black
ticket 100 10
b) }} 5 }}
210 21
b) 0.46 c) 0.42 10 9 8
4 a) 0.5 b) 0.75 4 }} 3 }} 3 }}
18 17 16 5 }35}4 or 0.147 (3 d.p.)
c) Camilla 5 a) 11
Red
Jesse 19
5
19
Classical Red Green
0.75
3
0.5 Classical 12 19 Blue
0.25 Not classical 20

12
5 19 Red
4
0.75 Classical 20
Green 19
Green
0.5 Not classical 3
0.25 Not classical 19 Blue
3
d) 0.5 20 12
19 Red
5
19
Blue Green
2
19 Blue

44
 Answers

b) 132 + 20 + 6
5 1}358}80 5 }179}90 8 a) 0.16 b) 4000
380
6 a) 5 c) 212
11 Orange
4 1 6
b) 4
11
9 a) }} 5 }}
24 6 b) }}
24 5 1}4}
Orange Cola
2
10 a) 0.91 b) 3
6 11 Strawberry c) (i) 0.0081 (ii) 0.1638
12
11 a)
6
Helen Joan
11 Orange
4 3
12 11
Cola Cola 0.8 Pass
2
11 Strawberry 0.95 Pass
0.2 Not pass
2
12 6
11 Orange 0.8 Pass
4
11
0.05 Not pass
Strawberry Cola
1 0.2 Not pass
11 Strawberry
12
5 }11}1
}}
132
b) 0.76 c) 0.23
12 a) Spinner B
24 1 12 1 24 1 8 1 12 1 8 88 2
c) }}} 5 }} 5 }}
132 132 3 3 1 2 3 4
6 5 1
7 a) }}
16 3 }}
15 5 or 0.125
}}
8 1 1 2 3 4

Spinner A
10 9
b) }}
16 3 }}
15 3 }18}4 5 }13}4 or 0.214 (3 d.p.)
2 2 4 6 8
Review Exercise 20 (page 405)
1 a) 0.5 b) 0.35 3 3 6 9 12
2 3}8} 2
b) }}
12 5 1}6} c) 4
}}
12 5 1}3}
3 a) (i) 0.2 (ii) 0
b) 40 times 13 41
95
(approx 0.432)
7
4 a) 0.48 b) 0.2 14 a) 42 5 15
90
5 a) 5
Red
12 b) 13
5
12
Red 15 
0.05 3 0.06 5 0.003, Which is not equal to 0.011 Thus
7
12
Black Fred is not correct; the events are not independent.
7
5
12 Red 16 33
50
5 0.66
12 Black
7 Black Internet Challenge 20 (page 410)
12
The probability of initially selecting the right door is
b) (i) }1245}4 (ii) 3}75}2 1
}}, and remains at this value if the contestant does not
3
6 a) (1, Heads), (2, Heads), (3, Heads), (4, Heads), switch. Thus it is better to switch, since the probability of
(5, Heads) winning increases to 1 2 1}3} 5 2}3}, i.e. is doubled.
(1, Tails), (2, Tails), (3, Tails), (4, Tails),
(5, Tails)
b) (i) 0.14 (ii) 0
(iii) 1 (iv) 0.25
c) 0.125
7 a) Monday Tuesday

0.6 Star Battle

Star
0.6 Battle Top Pops
0.4
0.6 Star Battle
0.4 Top
Pops
0.4 Top Pops

b) 0.36 c) 0.48

45