11/3/2021

18MEC202T HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

UNIT V: CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSFER

Presented by
C. Selvam

Mass transfer-Introduction
• System consists of two or more
components in which
concentrations vary from point
to point, there is a natural
tendency of particles to be
transferred from region of
higher concentration side to
region of lower concentration
side.
Example
• Evaporation of petrol
• Transfer of water vapour into dry air
• Dissolution of sugar to a cup of
coffee
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Modes of Mass transfer

• Diffusion mass transfer
• Convective mass transfer

Convection
Mass convection (or convective mass transfer) is the mass transfer mechanism
between a surface and a moving fluid that involves both mass diffusion and bulk
fluid motion.
Fluid motion also enhances mass transfer considerably.
In mass convection, we define a
concentration boundary layer in an
analogous manner to the thermal boundary
layer and define new dimensionless
numbers that are counterparts of the
Nusselt and Prandtl numbers.
Newton’s law
of cooling
Rate of mass
convection

hmass the mass transfer coefficient

As the surface area
Cs − C a suitable concentration difference
across the concentration boundary layer. 4

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Convective Mass transfer

• Free or Natural convective mass transfer
– If the fluid motion is produced due to change in density
resulting from concentration gradients, the mode is said
to be free convective mass transfer

• Forced convective mass transfer

– If the fluid motion is artificially created means of an
external force like a blower or fan that type of mass
transfer is known as forced convective heat transfer

Dimensionless numbers
• Reynolds number (Re)
Re=Inertia force/Viscous force

For Plate
Re < 5 X 105, Laminar
Re > 5 X 105, Turbulent
For Cylinder
Re < 2000, Laminar
Re > 2000, Turbulent

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Dimensionless numbers
Schmidt number, (Sc)
Sc=Molecular diffusivity of momentum/ Molecular diffusivity of mass
• Sc=ν/Dab =μ/ρDab
where
ν- Kinematic viscosity- m2/s
Dab-Diffusion co-efficient-m2/s
Sherwood number, (Sh)
• It is defined as the ratio of convective mass transfer to the
diffusion mass transfer rate h =Mass transfer co efficient
m
• Sh=hmx/Dab Dab=Diffusion co-efficient
X-length

Problem on Flat plate

1.Air at 100C with a velocity of 3m/s flows
over a flat plate containing water. If the
plate is 0.3m long, Cal. the mass transfer co-
efficient.
Given
• Air temperature T∞=100C
• Velocity, V=3m/s
• Length, x=0.3m

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Solution
• Properties of air at 100C
Kinematic viscosity, ν=14.16 X10-6 m2/s
Reynolds number, Re=Vx/ν=0.63 X 105 < 5 X 105
Flow is Laminar
For Laminar flow, flat plate
Sherwood number (Sh) = 0.664 (Re)0.5 (Sc)0.333
Schmidt number (Sc) = ν/Dab
Dab-Diffusion co-efficient (water + Air) at 100C~80C
Dab=20.58 X 10-6 m2/s
(Sc) = ν/Dab =14.16 X 10-6/20.58 X 10-6=0.688

• Sherwood number (Sh) = 0.664 (Re)0.5 (Sc)0.333

• (Sh) = 0.664 (0.63 X 105)0.5 (0.688)0.333 = 147.15
Sh=147.15
• Sh=hmx/Dab
• hm=0.01m/s

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Problem on Cylinders
2.Air at 200C and atmospheric pressure, containing
small quantities of iodine flows with a velocity of 4
m/s inside a 4cm inner diameter tube. Determine the
mass transfer co-efficient. Assume Dab=0.75 X 10-5
m2/s
Given
• Fluid temperature T∞=200C
• Velocity=4m/s
• Diameter, D=4 cm= 0.04m
• Dab=0.75 X 10-5 m2/s

Solution
• Properties of air at 200C
Kinematic viscosity, ν=15.06 X10-6 m2/s
Reynolds number, Re=UD/ν= 10,624.1 >2000
Flow is Turbulent
Sherwood number (Sh) = 0.023 (Re)0.83 (Sc)0.44
Schmidt number (Sc) = ν/Dab =2.008
(Sh) = 0.023 (10,624.1)0.83 (2.008)0.44 =68.66
Sh=hmx/Dab
hm=0.0128m/s

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Thank you

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