Al Ain University

College Of Petroleum Engineering

standard test method for distillation of
petroleum products
By: Hassan Sattar Chaghwer

Data: Monday, June 15, 2020

Supervised by: Malak

Introduction
:Definition of petroleum distillation
Distillation stage can be defined as the process in which
crude oil is heated, by placing it in the distillation column,
and when the temperature of the oil rises in the column,
it is separated into different components called
"fractions". Which are collected separately, and the
different components of each fraction of fractures
correspond to a different type of petroleum product,
depending on the temperature level at which the
.fractures boil
The distillation depends on the separation of the
petroleum components depending on a certain boiling
point, through which the lighter molecules with a low
boiling point are separated by the boiling and condensing
process, and this process is done by the following
methods: primary distillation or under atmospheric
pressure, distillation under vacuum pressure, or low
pressure, distillation Diluted oil, isotropic distillation,
.extractive distillation
:The steps of the distillation process
The distillation process is done by heating the mixture to
temperatures up to 600 ° C, and when the mixture boils, it
creates steam that is inserted into the fractional
distillation column, which contains many plates and
sheets filled with holes; To allow the vapor to travel
through it, the higher the vapor, the more it cools, and
when the material in the vapor reaches its temperature
equal to its boiling point, it condenses to form a liquid,
which is collected by the plates. The distillation process
follows the cracking stage in which the particles are
broken down in Fractures, to produce high-value
components of heavy fractures, at this stage gasoline and
.aviation fuel are produced

:Distillation apparatus
As shown in the picture below
Product description of ASTM D86 petroleum
products laboratory automatic distillation device:
HZ-1301 Automatic Petroleum Products Distillation Test
Complies with GB / T6536-2010 ASTM D86 Standard, It is
Suitable for Testing Distillation Characteristics of Natural
Gasoline (Stable Light Hydrocarbons), Gasoline Engine,
Aviation Gasoline, Jet Fuel, Special Boiling Point Solvent,
Jet, Kerosene , Diesel, gas oil distillation
Fuel and the like of petroleum products.

Explain the distillation process and the distillation

apparatus:
After the process of extracting oil from the ground and
separating it from the compounds of water, sand, and
various gases, they are disposed of so as not to cause
corrosion to the distillation apparatus or the pipes that
transport the oil derivatives.

After filtering the oil from impurities:

1.The oil that consists of different compounds is placed
in (furnace).
2.It is pumped and inserted into the heat exchanger.
 3.In the heat exchanger, the oil is heated to a boiling
point.
4.We know that the oil is a mixture of compounds,
when heating it in the heat exchanger, we notice the
rise of vapor, but this is not a vapor and the growth of
one of the compounds, and we also note the
appearance of a comparison liquid, but a vapor.

Production of vehicles after distillation

1.At a temperature (40Ć) produces petroleum gas
2.At a temperature (40Ć – 200Ć) produces gasoline
(petrol)
3.At a temperature (200Ć – 250Ć) produces kerosene oil
4.At a temperature (250Ć – 300Ć) produces diesel oil
5.At a temperature (300Ć – 370Ć) produces lubricating
oil
6.At a temperature (370Ć – 600Ć ) produces residue
(heavy oil)