FACULTY OF EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGMENT

AND AGRICULTURE

NAME: SUNSLEY

SURNAME: NDHLAKAMA

REG NUMBER R204538A

MODULE NAME HYDROLOGY

MODULE CODE: LWR104

LEVEL 1:1

LECTURE

DATE DUE: 22 December 2020

QUESTION 1

YEAR ANNUAL ( xi  avg ) ( xi  avg ) 2

RAINFALL(mm)
1969 60 -88.2 7779.24
1970 36 -112.2 12588.84
1971 41 -107.2 11491.84
1972 374 225.8 50985.64
1973 1 -147.2 21667.84
1974 542 393.8 155078.44
1975 157 8.8 77.44
1976 68
-80.2 6432.04
1977 227 78.8 6209.44
1978 429 280.8 78848.64
1979 37 -111.2 12365.44
1980 80 -68.2 4651.24
1981 160 11.8 139.24
1982 10 -138.2 19099.24
1983 1 -147.2 21667.84

a) Average Run-off
totalanualrunoff (mm)
= numberofye ars
2223
= 15

= 148,2

b) Standard Deviation
 n _
 
n  1 i 1
( xi  x)

1
 X 409082.4
15  1

= 170.9
c)
Probability of having annual run-off of more than 100mm P(R >100mm)
6

15

= 0.4

1
d) return period of run-off less than or equal to 60 mm = exceedence Pr obability

= 2.14

e) The coefficient of Variation for the run-off =

= X 100

= 115.3%

f) The Median run-off for the site = 68

 QUESTION 2

m
a) Exceeded Probability = n  1

Rank AVERAGE FLOW EXCEEDENCE

RATE PROBABILITY
1 528 0.031
2 510 0.062
3 300 0.094
4 280 0.125
5 204 0.156
6 200 0.188
7 200 0.219
8 193 0.25
9 172 0.281
10 169 0.313
11 161 0.344
12 159 0.375
13 150 0.406
14 146 0.438
15 137 0.469
16 128 0.5
17 120 0.53
18 112 0.563
19 106 0.594
20 100 0.625
21 100 0.656
22 90 0.688
23 85 0.719
24 81 0.75
25 78 0.781
26 75 0.813
27 72 0.844
28 70 0.875
29 68 0.906
30 66 0.938
31 64 0.96875
 The Flow Duration Curve for Vungi River
600
f(x) = 72.4059549799445 x^-0.64546287747596
R² = 0.957904374871327

500

400
Flow rate (m3/s)

300

200

100

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Exceedence Probability
 b)

Time Series for the average December daily flow

rates for Vungi River
600

500

400
Flow rate(m3/s)

300

200

100

0
Ti 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
m
e

Time (days)

c) According to Cross (1949) The flow duration curve is important to study the
characteristics of the drainage basin or to contrast the characteristics of one basin with those
of another. The flow duration curve is Important to investigate water supply ,location of
industrial plants, pollution studies and many other purposes.Barrows (1943) Says the flow
duration curve is a valuable medium for studying and comparing drainage basin
characteristics, particularly the effect of basin geology on low flows.
According to Bradley et al(2010) The time series plots are helpful in displaying the
antecedent and current flow conditions associated with selected water quality
measurements and can give insights to hydrologic conditions that support the observed
water quality trends. Salas (1993) In hydrology, time series analysis is important for
building mathematical models to generate synthetic hydrologic records, to forecast
hydrologic events, to detect trends and shifts in hydrologic records, and to fill in missing
data and extend records
REFERENCES

Barrows, H. K, (1943) Water power engineering: third ed, New York, McGraw-Hill book co.

Bradley, P. M, Journey, C. A, Chapelle, F.H, Lowery, M. A., and Conrads, P. A., (2010),
Flood hydrology and methylmercury availability in coastal Plain Rivers. Environmental
Science and Technology.

Cross, W. P, (1949) The relation of geology to dry-weather stream flow in Ohio: Am.
Geophys. Union Trans

Salas, J. D, (1993): Analysis and Modeling of Hydrologic Time Series. In:D. R Maidment
(editor-in-chief), Handbook of Hydrology, McGraw-Hill, Inc., USA.