ENERGY SOURCES

Pablo Asensi, Matisse Aaftink, Iván Bugallo, Lluis Alonso, Anna Draeger, Noah Adenauer,
Nieve Judkins and Carlota Anglada
 NIEVE JUDKINS

Fossil fuels
Energy form it provides (chemical, termal...?), origin and form of obtention/profit

It provides heat or thermal energy, its origin is by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. Such organisms
and their resulting fossil fuels typically have an age of millions of years. Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal and
natural gas. Its profit is $257 billion.

Countries where it is mostly produced

They are mostly produced in the United States Of America.

Countries where it is mostly used

They are mostly used in the United States, China and India.

Main uses of this energy (at the house and country level)
The main uses of this energy are found in almost every product we use daily; gasoline, fuel, heating oil and natural gases used to generate electricity.

Is it renewable or non renewable? Why?

They take millions of years to form and the known viable reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are being made.

If non renewable, for how long are there reserves?

Globally, we currently consume the equivalent of 11 billion tonnes of oil from fossil fuels every year. Crude oil reserves are vanishing at a rate of more
than 4 billion tonnes a year , so if we carry on as we are, our known oil deposits could run out in just over 53 years.

Environmental impacts: contamination and physical impacts

Fossil fuels impact the environment greatly, carbon dioxide emissions contribute to harmful global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil
fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas produces gases such as nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain.
 LLUIS ALONSO

Radioactive substances
Energy form it provides (chemical, termal...?), origin and form of obtention/profit
Energy is released from the nucleus in the form of kinetic energy of the particles and also by gamma radiation.
Countries where it is mostly produced
Natural radioactive elements are present in very low Concentrations in Earth 's crust, and are Brought to the surface through human activities such as
oil and gas exploration or mining.
Countries where it is mostly used
USA, France, China, Russia and South Korea
Main uses of this energy (at the house and country level)
Radioactive sources are used to study living organisms, to diagnose and treat diseases, to sterilize medical instruments and food, to produeix energy
for heat and electric power, and to monitor various steps in all types of industrial processes
Is it renewable or non renewable? Why?
It is a non-renewable source because it uses fossil fuels to generate energy.
If non renewable, for how long more are there reserves?
There are not much radioactive substances because there are all in the Earths crust
Environmental impacts: contamination and physical impacts.
Exposure to certain high levels of radiation, such as that from high-level radioactive waste, can even causi death. Radiation exposure can also causi
càncer, birth defects, and other abnormalities, depending on the time of exposure, amount of radiation, and the decay mechanism
 MATISSE AAFTINK

Stored water
It is a renewable energy source
Produces energy slower than nonrenewable sources
It is a Mechanical system
Water stored in reservoirs has a lot of gravitational potential energy which gets converted into kinetic energy when the water
flows.
Another form is in a hydroelectric plant which is where the water turns the turbine of an electrical generator which converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy
Brazil, China, Canada and the United States create the most Hydropower electricity.
Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Austria, Switzerland, Venezuela, and several other countries use a lot of
hydroelectric power. Though Paraguay's electricity only comes from hydroelectric power.
Hydroelectric power is mostly sent to homes and businesses
Hydropower is a renewable resource because no water is being lost during the process and the water can always be reused to
create more electricity.
Hydroelectric power can’t become a nonrenewable resource because there is an unlimited amount of water as it always comes
back from snow or rain.
Hydroelectric power does not contaminate the air as it doesn’t release any chemicals but it does harm homes and life. Most
times it doesn't allow fish to continue their flow. And also houses under dams get less water or sometimes it overflows of water.
Native tribes also struggle sometimes because their water is being limited and they can't catch any more fish if they are located
next to rivers from these dams.
 IVÁN BUGALLO

Wind
Energy form it provides (chemical, termal...?), origin and form of obtention/profit
It is renewable energy source.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. Built by Professor James Blyth of Scotland to power his
holiday home in 1887.
Countries where it is mostly produced China has a installed capacity of 221 GW and is the leader in wind energy, with over a third of the
world's capacity. United States. The US comes second with 96.4 GW of installed capacity
Countries where is mostly used China, US, Germany, India…
Main uses of this energy (at the house and country level)Sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity.
Is it renewable or non renewable? Why? Is renewable, the turbines create power without using fossil fuels. That is, without producing
greenhouse gases or radioactive or toxic waste.
If renewable, could it become non renewable? Why? No, it cant’s because it doesn’t pollute
Enviromental impacts: contamination and physical impacts It doesn’t contaminate and spinning turbine blades can pose a threat to flying
wildlife like birds and bats.
 PABLO ASENSI

Sun
Energy form it provides (chemical, termal...?), origin and form of obtention/profit
The sun generates energy from a process called nuclear fusion. During nuclear fusion, the high pressure and temperature in the sun's core
cause nuclei to separate from their electrons.
Countries where it is mostly producedGermany, Italy, China,Usa and Japan
Countries where it is mostly usedGermany, Italy, China and Usa
Main uses of this energy (at the house and country level)As heat for making hot water, heating buildings and cooking.To generate electricity
with solar cells or heat engines.To take the salt away from sea water.To use sun rays for drying clothes and towels. It is used by plants for
the process of photosynthesis.
Is it renewable or non renewable? Why?The energy is renewable because you can use it again.
If renewable, could it become non renewable? Why?No the sun we can use it again
Environmental impacts: contamination and physical impacts
The sun provides a tremendous resource for generating clean and sustainable electricity without toxic pollution or global warming
emissions.The potential environmental impacts associated with solar power land use and habitat loss, water use, and the use of hazardous
materials in manufacturing
 ANNA DRAEGER

Earth's heat
The crust is the outer and thinnest layer of the Earth. It can reach up round about ~40 km thickness. The temperature crust can reach up to about
1000ºC.
The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth. It is 2900 km thick and makes 80% of the volume of the Earth. The upper mantle is semisolid rock
called magma that flows slowly due to convection currents. The mantle can reach a temperature up to 3500ºC.
The outer core is made of liquid iron and nickel, it can reach up to 4000ºC and it is 2250 km thick.
The inner core is the hottest part of the Earth. It can reach up to 4700ºC, which is as hot as the surface of the Sun. It's made of solid iron and
nickel that are under much pressure so they cannot melt. The inner core is about 1300 km thick.
As you see, there's a lot of thermal energy inside the Earth which can be used.
Resources
The thermal energy from the inner core flows naturally to the surface of the crust by conduction.
Power rates are more than double humanity's current energy consumption.
We can also convert thermal energy into electrical energy.
The crust acts as a thermal insulator which only gets a small part of thermal energy through, so we need to drill into the crust to reach the
thermal energy.
We transport the thermal energy to the surface with a fluid. For example, water.
 CARLOTA ANGLADA

Tides
Energy form it provides (chemical, termal...?), origin and form of obtention/profit
Tides produce mechanical energy setting the turbines of the electrical generators in tidal power stations in motion, producing electrical energy in a
similar way to hydroelectric power plants.
Countries where it is mostly produced
Canada, China, Russia, France, South Korea, United Kingdom and The Netherlands.
Countries where it is mostly used
Canada, China, Russia, France, South Korea, United Kingdom and The Netherlands.
Main uses of this energy (at the house and country level)
Currently, the main use of this type of energy is for the generation of electricity (electrical energy).
Is it renewable or non renewable? Why?
The natural source of this energy is inexhaustible, because it comes from the potential energy of the seas and their tides. Therefore, the tidal energy
is a renewable energy of great potential, where no gaseous, liquid or solid polluting by-products are generated.
If renewable, could it become non renewable? Why?
It coulnd't because it is practically inexhaustible, clean, it doens't emit greenhouse gases and it is available at any time of the year.
Environmental impacts: contamination and physical impacts
It is a source of clean, non-polluting energy, it doesn't give off greenhouse gases and although there aren't many experiences in the world of tidal
power plants, the truth is that the extent of its effects on marine flora and fauna is not yet known in the small spaces it needs for its installation.
 NOAH ADENAUER

Biomass