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6
Science
Quarter 2–Module 5

Vertebrates

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Lesson The Vertebrates
1
What I need to know

Determine the distinguishing characteristics of vertebrates.

What’s New

In this lesson, you will learn about vertebrates and their distinguishing
characteristics.
Normally, vertebrates are classified into five smaller groups: mammals,
birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. Each of which has certain characteristics.

Figure 1.Classification of Vertebrates

Activity 1. What are vertebrates?

Directions: Read and study figure 2. Then answer the questions below. Write your answer
in your activity notebook.
 Spinal column

Skeleton

Figure 2. Example of Vertebrate

Vertebrates are animals that have a spinal column and a skeleton

formed from bones. The word comes from vertebrae, the bones that make
up spines.
The skeleton holds up and protects the body of an animal.
. Vertebrates share some basic characteristics. A hollow backbone and
the cranium, or skulls, protect the spinal cord and brain of most vertebrates.
All vertebrates reproduce by mating between males and females.

QUESTIONS:
1. What are vertebrates?
2. Where do the word vertebrates come from?
3. What do vertebrate animals have in common?
4. What is the function of the skeleton in a vertebrate animal?
5. How do vertebrate animals reproduce?

Activity 2 What Am I?

Directions: Find out the different characteristics of animals around you. Answer each
riddle below. Choose the answer from the pictures. Write your answers on your activity
notebook.

1. I live in water and I have gills for breathing. My body is covered with scales.
I have fins that help me move and keep my balance. What am I?
2. I spend part of my life in water and part of my life on land. I have gills for breathing
but they will soon be replaced by a pair of lungs as I grow older. What am I?
3. I have lungs as the main organ of respiration and I have dry scaly skin.
4. I have wings for flying. My skeleton is made up of strong but light bones. I have legs
for walking or running.
5. I eat grass. I feed my young with milk. I have lungs for respiration and four legs for
walking or running

What’s More
Activity 3. What are the group of vertebrates and its distinguishing
characteristics?

Directions: Read and study Figure 3, then answer the questions below. Write your
Answer on your activity notebook.
THESE ARE THE FIVE GROUPS OF VERTEBRATES

Figure 3. Vertebrates and their distinguishing characteristics

QUESTIONS:
1. How many groups of vertebrates are there?
2. What are the five groups of vertebrates?
3. Give 2 examples to each group of vertebrates.
4. What are common to these vertebrates?
Activity 4.Can You Describe Me?

Directions: Read each short paragraph. After reading, answer the questions by
completing the table below.Write your answer on your notebook.
1. What covers their body?
2. How do they move?
3. How do they breathe?

Hello kids! I am Mr. Kangaroo. I

belong to the sub-group called
mammals. Mammals have fur or
hair and mammary glands.
Actually, our group’s name
originated from the word mammary
although only the females produce
milk and feed their young. Most of
us mammals are developed inside
our mothers’ womb.
Source:https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/shoot-me-
kangaroo-down-sport

Hi there, boys and girls! I am Tweety.

I usually fly because I have wings . I
also have legs for walking or running.
My body is covered with feathers. I
lay eggs with a hard shell.

Source:https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home

Hello kidsI am Crocks.

I can also live in water because
of body structure. I have nostrils
and eyes. I also have fleshy
value at the back of my mouth
that prevents water from entering
the lungs when my mouth is
open. My thick dry scale body
covering can protect me against
harm and prevents loss of water.
 Do you know me? I am
Nemo. I belong to the fish
group. Among the
vertebrates, only fishes
breathe through gills so we
can live in water. Our
| bodies are covered with
scales, which are suited to
our aquatic environment,
and our eyes are always
open.

What’s up kids? I’m Mr. Froggy, a frog. I

belong to the sub-group of amphibians. I usually
spend part of my life in water and part on land.
I hibernate in cold weather by burrowing in the
ground or in mud. Young amphibians breathe
through our gills but adult amphibians develop
lungs in order to live on land.

NAME OF ANIMALS WHATCOVERS ME? HOW DO I MOVE? HOW DO I BREATHE?

1.Mr. Kangaroo
2. Tweety
3. Crocks
4. Nemo
5. Mr.Froggy

What I Have Learned

Activity 5 Know Me

Directions: Fill the empty box with the different characteristics of the indicated
subgroups of vertebrates. Write your answer on the activity notebook.
 ACTIVITY 5

Fill in each empty box with the different characteristics of the indicated subgroups of
vertebrates. Write your answer in attached activity sheet no. 5.

Activity 6 :Know Me More

Directions: Identify the characteristics of the different vertebrates by completing the Chart
using the following descriptions. Write your answer on the activity notebook.

Classification - fish, bird, reptiles, amphibians, mammals

Body Covering - scales, hair, skin, feather

Movement - swim, walk and run, hop or jump, fly, crawl

ANIMALS CLASSIFICATION BODY MOVEMENT

COVERING
1. Lizard
2. Toad
3. Bat
4. Maya
5. Yellow Fin Tuna
6. Crocodile
7. Horse
8. Carabao
9. Salamander
10. Chicken
Assessment:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
1. Which of these animals is a mammal?
a. Ape b. Chicken c. Parrot d. Ostrich
2. Which class of animal has skin with fur or hair, feeds their young with milk and maintains a
constant body temperature?
a. mammals b. amphibians c. fish d. reptiles
3. Which class of animal has skin with feathers, lays eggs with a hard shell, has a beak and
maintains a constant body temperature?
a. mammals b. amphibians c. birdsd. reptiles
4.To which group do chicken and ducks belong?
a. fish b. reptiles c. birds d. amphibians
5. My body is moist and smooth, I lay eggs, and live in or near the water. What am I?
a. mammals b. amphibians c. fish d. reptiles
6. This group of animal is found only in water, has a changing body temperature, skin with
scales, breathes through gills and lays eggs without a shell.
a. mammals b. amphibians c. fish d. reptiles
7. Which of the following vertebrates are warm blooded?
a. fish and reptiles c. birds and mammals
b. amphibians and reptiles d. amphibians and mammals
8. Which statement best describes the characteristics of fishes?
a. They live on land and in water.
b. They live in water and they have scales, fins and gills.
c. Their bodies are covered with dry scales and they crawl.
d. Their bodies have feathers and wings to keep them warm.
9. Why do whales belong to the group of mammals?
a. Whales have moist skin for breathing.
b. Whales have lungs and mammary glands.
c. Whales have feathers and wings for flying.
d. Whales have gills and fins for swimming.
10. Snakes, turtles and lizards belong to reptiles because they have dry scales and they lay
eggs from which their offspring are hatched. Does a dog belong to this group?
a. Yes,Dogs belong to this group?
b. No, because it has hair or fur and mammary glands.
c. Yes, because it has dry scales, it laid eggs and crawl.
d. Yes, because it breathe through their lungs and crawl.
 NAME OF WHAT COVERS HOW DO I HOW DO I MOVE ? HOW DO I BREATHE?
ANIMALS ME? BREATHE?
1.Mr. Kangaroo fur or hair lungs walk ,jump Through lungs
2. Tweety feathers lungs Walk, run, fly Through lungs
3. Crocks thick dry scale lungs crawl, swim Through lungs
4. Nemo scales gills swim Through gills
5. Mr. Froggy Soft skin lungs jump Through lungs
ACTIVITY 3: What are the Group of Vertebrates and its Distinguishing
Characteristics?
1. Five (5) groups
2. Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, Fish
3. Mammals ; horse, cow etc…
Birds: Parrot, Maya etc..
Amphibians: Frogs, Salamander, etc…
Reptiles: Crocodile, Turtle, etc…
Fish: Goldfish, Tuna , etc….
4. They all have backbones
5. They differ in characteristics like the covering of their body, how they move and
how they breathe.
LESSON 1 The Vertebrates
ACTIVITY 1:What are vertebrates?
1. Vertebrates are animals that have a spinal column and a skeleton formed
from
bones.
2. Vertebrae
3. Vertebrate animals have a hollow backbone and cranium or skull.
ACTIVITY 2 : What Am 4.The skeleton holds up and protect the body of an animal.
I? 5. All vertebrates reproduce by mating between males and female.
1. Fish
2. Frog
3. Snake
4. Bird / Eagle
5. Cow
Answer Key
 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B
10. B
Assessment:
ANIMALS CLASSIFICATION BODY COVERING MOVEMENT
1. Lizard Reptile Scales Crawl
2. Toad Amphibian Skin Hop or jump
3. Bat Mammal Skin Fly
4. Maya Bird Feather Fly
5. Yellow Fin Fish Scales Swim
Tuna
6. Crocodile Reptile Scales Crawl, swim
7. Horse Mammal Hair Walk, run. jump
8. Carabao Mammal Hair Walk, run
9. Salamander Amphibian Skin Crawl
10. Chicken Bird Feather Walk, run, fly
ACTIVITY 6 KNOW ME MORE
ACTIVITY 5 : KNOW ME