Green Energy

Prepared By
Mr.C.J.Vignesh

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 CONTENT

History of Energy Resources

Energy needs of India
Classification of energy sources
Energy efficiency and energy security
Importance of renewable energy sources

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 ENERGY

ENERGY
The ability or capacity to do work.
We use energy to do work and make all movement
There are many sources of energy that help to run the various machines
invented by man.
Different Categories of Energy Sources:
In the context of physical sciences, several forms of energy
Thermal energy
Chemical energy
Electrical energy
Radiant energy or light energy
Nuclear energy
Mechanical energy
Magnetic energy
Sound and Elastic energy
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What is Renewable Energy
• It is the energy from a source that is not depleted when used,
such as wind or solar power.
• Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources
—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and
geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished).
• Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind
power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for
transportation.
 Why Renewable Energy?

• Because of the desire and necessity to avert

irreversible climate damage

• Because of increasing oil prices

• In view of all these and other factors,

governments worldwide support renewables
with various incentives.

• Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they

draw on finite resources that will eventually
dwindle, becoming too expensive or too
environmentally damaging to retrieve. Energy Consumption Trend

• Many types of renewable energy resources-

such as wind and solar energy-are constantly
replenished and will never run out.

• Abundant sunshine
 Renewable Resources

• Solar energy

• Wind energy

• Hydropower

• Heat Energy

• Biomass

There are many sources of renewable energy,

but all of them, except geothermal energy, are
more or less directly related to the sun: the main
source of clean and sustainable energy for the
earth.
 Energy needs of India

1.Total Installed Capacity (As on 31.05.2022) - Source : Central

Electricity Authority (CEA)
INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY (SECTOR WISE)
31.05.2022 31.05.2023
Sector MW % of Total MW % of Total
Central Sector 99,005 24.6% 1,00,055 24.0%
State Sector 1,04,863 26.0% 1,05,726 25.3%
Private Sector 1,98,949 49.4% 211887 50.7%
Total 4,02,817 100.0% 4,17,668 100.0%

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 CATAGORY INSTALLED % of SHARE IN Total
GENERATION
CAPACITY(MW)
Fossil Fuel
Coal 2,04,080 50.7%
Lignite 6,620 1.6%
Gas 24,879 6.2%
Diesel 510 0.1%
Total Fossil Fuel 2,36,088 58.6%
Non-Fossil Fuel
RES (Incl. Hydro) 1,59,949 39.7%
Hydro 46,723 11.6 %
Wind, Solar & Other RE 1,13,226 28.1 %
Wind 40,706 10.1 %
Solar 56,951 14.1 %
BM Power/Cogen 10,206 2.5 %
Waste to Energy 477 0.1 %
Small Hydro Power 4,886 1.2 %
Nuclear 6,780 1.7%
Total Non-Fossil Fuel 1,66,729 41.4%
Total Installed Capacity 4,02,817 100%
(Fossil Fuel & Non-Fossil Fuel)
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 India has made outstanding progress against its goals
• Energy access
• Electricity: 99.9% household electrification
• Cleaner cooking: +80 million LPG connections, #GiveItUp

• Renewables
• Progress towards the targeted 175 GW by 2022
• Ambitions for 450 GW

• Energy efficiency
• National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
• UJALA campaign: +370 million LEDs, 7 million LED tubelights
• Perform Achieve Trade (PAT) scheme

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 India has achieved electricity access for all
and is tackling air pollution and clean
cooking
World: Number of people without access to electricity World: Number of people relying on traditional use of biomass

2 000 3 000
Million

Million
2 500
1 500
2 000

1 000 1 500

1 000
500
500

2000 2010 2015 2019E*

2000 2010 2015 2019E*
India Rest of the world
Sub-Saharan Africa
*2019 estimates.

Almost 750 million people gained access to electricity in India since 2000, while vigorous programmes
have helped replace biomass use in cooking. India can offer good experience to Africa and the world.

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Potentaial of Solar radiation

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Global Renewable Energy Sources

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 India has seen rapid growth in renewables
India’s renewable power generation capacity, 2013-19

GW
160

140
Biomass
120

100 Hydro

80
Solar
60

40
Wind
20

0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Solar PV and onshore wind have seen strong growth, overtaking for the first time investment in thermal
power generation in 2018. To reach 175 GW by 2022 and 450 GW, system integration becomes a priority.

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 Energy efficiency improves, but needs to accelerate

• Strong programmes based on the National Energy Efficiency Mission

• Green public procurement of LEDs (UJALA)
• Industry scheme Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT)
• Cooling Action Plan

• Recent energy efficiency programmes introduced since 2000 have allowed India to:
• Cut expected energy demand by 15%
• Reduce oil imports by 8% and gas imports by 12%
• Lower CO 2 emissions by 300 MT (or 14% of current emissions)
• Reduce local pollution (SO2 and NOx) by more than 15%

With ambitious energy efficiency policies, up to 2040 India can avoid:

• USD 200 billion per year of energy imports and building 300 GW of new power
generation

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 Energy security and diversification emerges key priorities
• Oil
• Growing net importer of crude oil (Middle East) and net exporter of products
• Upstream reforms introduced by HELP offer new opportunities for investment
• India’s oil stocks are a good start and emergency capability needs to follow oil demand
growth

• Natural gas
• Rising gas use in cities and transport underpin role of natural gas
• Market pricing is critical for the creation of a gas trading hub
• Need for enhanced gas infrastructure, including grids and storage

• Electricity
• Milestone reforms: commercial coal mining and flexible coal use (SHAKTI)
• Investment in a flexible, financially sound and clean energy system needs to continue
• Moving from scarcity to quality of supply and reliability (24/7)

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 Coal sector reforms need to continue
Coal consumption by sector, 1973-2018

1 000
Mt Industry

800 Power generation

Other

600

400

200

0
1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018

Coal remains the backbone of the energy system, accounting for two thirds in electricity generation and a
quarter in industry. The efficiency and environmental performance of the coal sector remain critical.
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 IEA key recommendations for India’s energy sector

• Continue to promote energy investments:

• Move towards market pricing for all energy commodities
• Stable regulatory rules for all players in the market

• Prioritise actions to foster energy security:

• Work with the States on the integration of variable renewables and boost flexibility
• Reinforce oil emergency response, benefitting from international best practice
• Create a natural gas market with robust gas infrastructure

• Create a cross-government framework for energy policy

• Continue to work with the IEA and expand international energy collaboration to
benefit from international best practice and highlight India’s energy successes

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 Energy Efficiency and Energy Security

Efficiency of Energy Conversion

If we are more efficient with the energy we already have there will be less
pollution, less reliance on foreign oil and increased domestic security.

Energy Efficiency
Useful Energy
Energy Energy Output
Input
Conversion
Device Energy
Dissipated
to the
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 Energy Efficiency and Energy Security

An electric motor consumes 100 watts (a joule per second (J/s)) of power to obtain 90
watts of mechanical power. Determine its efficiency ?

= 90 W x 100 = 90 %
100 W

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 Efficiency of Some Common Devices

Device Efficiency

Electric Motor 80
Home Oil Furnace 65
Home Coal Furnace 55
Steam Boiler (power
plant) 89
Power Plant (thermal) 36
Automobile Engine 25
Light Bulb-Fluorescent 20
Light Bulb –Incandescent 5

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 Energy security
• It is defined as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at
an affordable price.
• Long-term energy security deals with timely investments to supply
energy in line with economic developments and environmental
needs.
• Short-term energy security focuses on the ability of the energy
system to respond promptly to sudden changes in the supply-
demand balance.
Significance of Energy security

• India aims to become leading global economic power which will fuel
energy needs for providing infrastructure, provisioning of basic
necessities, developing human skill, employment generation and
manufacturing abilities.
• India’s economic fortunes continue to be tied to the sharply
fluctuating international price of oil.
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 Challenges for India’s Energy Security

• Policy Challenges
• Accessibility Challenge
• Infrastructure and skill related challenges
• Economic challenges
• Economic challenges

Measures to enhance energy security

• Increasing accessibility to clean energy
• Enhancing efficiency

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 The INDIA ENERGY SECURITY SCENARIOS

The INDIA ENERGY SECURITY SCENARIOS, 2047(IESS) has been developed as an

energy scenario building tool. The guiding ambition of this is to develop energy
pathways leading up to the year 2047, comprising of likely energy demand and
supply scenarios.
• NITI Aayog launched the India Energy Security Scenarios 2047 calculator (IESS
2047), as an open source web based tool.
• The tool aims to explore a range of potential future energy scenarios for
India, for diverse energy demand and supply sectors leading up to 2047.It
explores India’s possible energy scenarios across energy supply sectors such
as solar, wind, bio fuels, oil, gas, coal and nuclear and energy demand sectors
such as transport, industry, agriculture, cooking and lighting appliances.

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 The INDIA ENERGY SECURITY SCENARIOS

The INDIA ENERGY SECURITY SCENARIOS, 2047(IESS) has been developed as an

energy scenario building tool. The guiding ambition of this is to develop energy
pathways leading up to the year 2047, comprising of likely energy demand and
supply scenarios.
• NITI Aayog launched the India Energy Security Scenarios 2047 calculator (IESS
2047), as an open source web based tool.
• The tool aims to explore a range of potential future energy scenarios for
India, for diverse energy demand and supply sectors leading up to 2047.It
explores India’s possible energy scenarios across energy supply sectors such
as solar, wind, bio fuels, oil, gas, coal and nuclear and energy demand sectors
such as transport, industry, agriculture, cooking and lighting appliances.

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 Thank
You
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