St.

Paul University Surigao

St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

The
Contemporary
World
MODULE 5
GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY

SUBMITTED BY:
BARTOLOME, ZARRAH MONIQUEBSA-2
LIBAY, TRISHA NEL E. BSA-2
MENDIOLA, PRINCESS NICOLE S. BSA-2

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. NIKKO T. EDERIO, LPT
 St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

TOPIC-2: GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

Argumentation Activity: Is it the economy? or the babies? (60 minutes)
(Outcomes 1-2: explain the relationship between population and economic welfare; and identify and explain
the effects of aging and overpopulation)
Guide Questions: Write your responses by concentrating on the following ideas:
1. Do you believe in the neo-Malthusian argument? Why or why not?
ANSWER:

I believe the neo-Malthusian argument has some value, but it is critical to analyze all of the variables. On the
one hand, it is true that the world's population is fast increasing, putting a burden on resources and the
environment. Climate change, which is mostly caused by human activities, is already having an impact.
Furthermore, many individuals are impoverished and lack access to basic essentials like as food and water.
However, there is evidence that we are becoming more efficient in the production of food and other resources.
We are also working on new technology that will help us lessen our environmental effect.
Overall, I believe that it is important to take the neo-Malthusian argument seriously, but that we should not
panic. We need to work together to develop sustainable solutions to the challenges that we face.
2. How is population interrelated with the economic welfare and development?
ANSWER: Population is intricately interrelated with economic welfare and development in several ways. The
relationship between population and economic factors is complex and multifaceted, and it can have both
positive and negative effects. Here are some of the key ways in which population is interrelated with economic
welfare and development: Labor Force, Human Capital, Consumer Base, Innovation and Entrepreneurship,
Resource Consumption, Dependency Ratio, Urbanization, Health and Education Services, Aging Population
and Fertility Rates and Family Planning

In summary, the relationship between population and economic welfare and development is complex and
depends on various factors, including the size, age structure, education, and health of the population, as well
as government policies and the overall economic environment. A balanced and well-managed population can
be an asset for economic development, but excessive population growth without proper planning can lead to
challenges. Therefore, governments and policymakers often play a critical role in shaping the outcomes of
this relationship through various policies and strategies.
3. How can technological interventions offset the pressures of population growth?
ANSWER: Technological interventions can play a significant role in offsetting the pressures of population
growth by increasing efficiency, productivity, and sustainability in various sectors. Here are some ways in
which technology can help mitigate the challenges associated with population growth:

Agriculture and Food Production, Healthcare, Education, Energy and Environment, Urban Planning and
Transportation, Water Resources, Manufacturing and Industry, Family Planning and Healthcare,
Infrastructure Development: and Data and Analytics.
 St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

While technological interventions can significantly offset the pressures of population growth, it's important to
ensure that these technologies are accessible to a wide range of people, including those in underserved
areas. Additionally, ethical and environmental considerations must be taken into account to ensure that
technological solutions are sustainable and equitable. Public policies and regulations also play a critical role
in harnessing technology for the benefit of society as a whole.
4. Under what circumstance is rapid population growth beneficial to societies, or otherwise,
damaging?
ANSWER:
Rapid population growth can be both beneficial and damaging to societies, depending on a number of factors,
including:

• The country's level of development: Rapid population growth can be a challenge for developing
countries, which may not have the resources or infrastructure to support a large population. However,
it can also be an opportunity for these countries to boost their economies and reduce poverty.
• The country's natural resources: Rapid population growth can put a strain on natural resources, such
as water, land, and food. This can lead to environmental degradation and resource scarcity.
• The country's social and political stability: Rapid population growth can lead to social and political
instability, especially if there is a shortage of resources or a lack of economic opportunity.
Beneficial:

• Increased economic growth: A larger workforce can lead to increased economic growth, especially
in countries with young and educated populations.
• Increased innovation: A larger population can lead to a greater diversity of ideas and perspectives,
which can foster innovation.
• Increased geopolitical influence: A larger population can give a country more geopolitical influence.
Damaging:
• Environmental degradation: A larger population can put a strain on natural resources and lead to
environmental degradation.
• Poverty and inequality: Rapid population growth can exacerbate poverty and inequality, especially
in developing countries.
• Social unrest: Rapid population growth can lead to social unrest, especially if there is a shortage of
resources or a lack of economic opportunity.
•
Overall, whether rapid population growth is beneficial or damaging depends on a number of factors. It is
important to weigh the potential benefits and risks carefully.

It is also important to note that rapid population growth is not inevitable. There are a number of things that
countries can do to slow population growth, such as investing in education and empowering women and girls.
 St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

5. Talking about demography, how is aging, over and under populations, birth and death rates
connected to economic globalization?
ANSWER:
Aging, over and under populations, birth and death rates are all connected to economic globalization in a
number of ways.
Aging:
• Decreased labor force participation: As populations age, the labor force participation rate declines.
This means that there are fewer workers to support a growing number of retirees.
• Increased healthcare costs: As populations age, healthcare costs increase. This is because older
people are more likely to have chronic health conditions.
• Reduced economic growth: Aging populations can lead to reduced economic growth if the labor force
participation rate declines and healthcare costs increase.
Over and under populations:

• Overpopulation: Overpopulation can lead to a shortage of resources, such as food, water, and land.
This can lead to poverty, inequality, and social unrest.
• Underpopulation: Underpopulation can lead to a shortage of workers. This can make it difficult for
businesses to operate and can lead to economic decline.
Birth and death rates:
• High birth rates: High birth rates can lead to overpopulation and put a strain on resources.
• Low birth rates: Low birth rates can lead to aging populations and a shortage of workers.
• Economic globalization:
• Economic globalization has led to increased trade, investment, and migration. This has had a number
of impacts on demography, including:
• Increased migration: Economic globalization has led to increased migration from developing
countries to developed countries. This is because people are looking for better economic
opportunities.
• Increased trade: Economic globalization has led to increased trade in goods and services. This has
led to increased demand for workers in some sectors, such as manufacturing and transportation.
• Increased investment: Economic globalization has led to increased investment in developing
countries. This has led to job creation and economic growth in these countries.
Overall, the relationship between demography and economic globalization is complex and multifaceted.
Economic globalization can have both positive and negative impacts on demography, depending on a
number of factors.
 St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

Individual Essay Writing: The Men, Women, and their Reproductive Health Rights (60 minutes)
The Reproductive Health Issue in the Philippines: Insights and Analysis
The reproductive health issue is a complex and controversial one in the Philippines. On the one hand, the
country has a high rate of teenage pregnancy and maternal mortality. On the ot her hand, there is strong
opposition to the Reproductive Health Law, which was passed in 2012 and guarantees universal access to
reproductive health services, including contraception and safe abortion.

There are a number of factors that contribute to the challenges facing reproductive health in the Philippines.
One factor is poverty. Many Filipinos cannot afford to access basic healthcare services, including
reproductive health services. Another factor is lack of access to information. Many Filipinos are not aware of
their reproductive rights and options. Finally, there are cultural and religious barriers to reproductive health
access. For example, some people believe that contraception is immoral or that abortion is a sin.

The Reproductive Health Law has been a major step forward for reproductive health in the Philippines.
However, there are still a number of challenges to implementing the law effectively. One challenge is funding.
The Philippine government has not yet allocated sufficient funding to implement the law fully. Another
challenge is opposition from religious groups. Some religious groups have filed legal challenges to the law
and have lobbied the government to repeal it.
Despite these challenges, there are a number of things that can be done to improve reproductive health in
the Philippines. The government needs to increase funding for reproductive health services and ensure that
these services are accessible to all Filipinos. The government also needs to educate Filipinos about their
reproductive rights and options. Finally, the government needs to work with religious groups to find common
ground on reproductive health issues.
Here are some specific insights and analysis on the reproductive health issue in the Philippines:

• The Reproductive Health Law is a major step forward, but there are still challenges to implementing
it effectively. The law guarantees universal access to reproductive health services, including
contraception and safe abortion. However, the government has not yet allocated suffic ient funding
to implement the law fully, and there is opposition from religious groups.
• Cultural and religious barriers also exist. For example, some people believe that contraception is
immoral or that abortion is a sin.
• Increase funding for reproductive health services and ensure that these services are accessible to
all Filipinos.
• Educate Filipinos about their reproductive rights and options.
• Work with religious groups to find common ground on reproductive health issues.

Improving reproductive health in the Philippines is essential for improving the overall health and well -being
of the Filipino people. By addressing the challenges that exist, the government can create a healthier and
more productive future for all Filipinos.
 St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

ASSESSMENTS (I) All competencies/outcomes base teaching-learning activities serve as the major
assessments.
(II) Multiple Choice. Encircle the correct answer.
1. Which continent has the highest growth rate?
a. Africa
b. Asia
c. Europe
d. South America

2. Which continent has the largest population?

a. North America
b. Africa
c. Asia
d. Europe

3. The Malthusian Theory, attributed to Thomas Malthus, states that:

a. Population will continue to grow unchecked
b. Population grows in a linear fashion and would exceed food production
c. Food supply would keep pace with population growth
d. Population increases in a exponential manner while food supply can only
increase in a linear, or straight line fashion
e. All of the above.

4. Population growth is highest in countries that:

a. are industrialized
b. are resource rich
c. are in the early and late expanding stages of the demographic transition
d. are extremely poor with both high birth and death rates
e. All of the above.

5. Fertility is:
a. the number of live births in a given year.
b. used to assess the health of a population.
c. the incidence of child bearing in a country's population.
d. the maximum possible number of children that can be born each year.

6. Who predicted that population would increase by geometric progression, while

food production would increase in arithmetic progression?
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Jean Gottman
c. Ferdinand Tönnies
d. Thomas Robert Malthus
 St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

7. The three main factors that cause population change to a specified area are:
a. Births, deaths and marriage
b. Births, deaths and migration
c. Births, deaths and life expectancy
d. None of the above

8. What causes overpopulation?

a. Lack of technology in the productive process
b. Poverty
c. Immigration
d. Poor Family Planning
e. All of the above

9. What are some of the problems of overpopulation?

a. Crime and greed
b. Low standard of living and a stagnant way of life
c. Death
d. Destruction of the ozone layer
e. None of the Above

10. What happens if there are more births than deaths in a country?
a. The population decreases
b. The population stays the same but there are more children
c. This results in an increase in population
d. None of the above
SYNTHESIS
•What do you think are the factors that would affect Demographic Transition?
ANSWER:
Fertility, mortality, disease patterns, and migration are the major influences on this transition within the
population. Education of women, urbanization, improved hygiene and preventive care, economic
improvement with better living conditions, and declining mortality of infants and children are the major
factors. This is an important issue in developing countries where high fertility rates and declining
mortality of children contribute to rapid population growth and poverty.

•Do you believe in the neo-Malthusian argument? Why or why not?

ANSWER:
I believe the neo-Malthusian argument has some value, but it is critical to analyze all of the variables. On
the one hand, it is true that the world's population is fast increasing, putting a burden on resources and the
environment. Climate change, which is mostly caused by human activities, is already having an impact.
Furthermore, many individuals are impoverished and lack access to basic essentials like as food and
water. However, there is evidence that we are becoming more efficient in the production of food and other
resources. We are also working on new technology that will help us lessen our environmental effect.
Overall, I believe that it is important to take the neo-Malthusian argument seriously, but that we should not
panic. We need to work together to develop sustainable solutions to the challenges that we face.
 St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
8400 Surigao City, Philippines

•How can technology and interventions in development offset the pressures of population growth?
ANSWER:

Technological interventions can play a significant role in offsetting the pressures of population growth by
increasing efficiency, productivity, and sustainability in various sectors. Here are some ways in which
technology can help mitigate the challenges associated with population growth:
Agriculture and Food Production, Healthcare, Education, Energy and Environment, Urban Planning and
Transportation, Water Resources, Manufacturing and Industry, Family Planning and Healthcare,
Infrastructure Development: and Data and Analytics.
While technological interventions can significantly offset the pressures of population growth, it's important
to ensure that these technologies are accessible to a wide range of people, including those in underserved
areas. Additionally, ethical and environmental considerations must be taken into account to ensure that
technological solutions are sustainable and equitable. Public policies and regulations also play a critical
role in harnessing technology for the benefit of society as a whole.

•Under what circumstances is rapid population growth beneficial to societies?

ANSWER:
Rapid population growth can be beneficial to societies under certain circumstances, such as:
• When a country has a young and educated population. A young population means that there is a
large workforce that can contribute to economic growth. An educated population means that the
workforce is more productive and can produce higher-value goods and services.
• When a country has abundant natural resources. A large population can exploit abundant
natural resources to generate economic growth. For example, a country with a large population
and a lot of land can develop a strong agricultural sector.
• When a country has a strong social safety net. A strong social safety net can help to ensure that
the benefits of economic growth are shared widely and that no one is left behind. This can help
to reduce poverty and inequality, which can lead to a more stable and prosperous society.
Here are some examples of countries that have benefited from rapid population growth:
• China: China has experienced rapid population growth in recent decades. This has helped to
drive its economic growth and make it one of the world's leading economies.
• India: India is also experiencing rapid population growth. This is expected to boost its economic
growth in the coming years.
• South Korea: South Korea experienced rapid population growth in the mid-20th century. This
helped to fuel its economic miracle and transform it from a developing country to a developed
country.
However, it is important to note that rapid population growth can also be challenging. If a country does
not have the resources or infrastructure to support its growing population, it can lead to poverty,
inequality, and social unrest.
Overall, whether rapid population growth is beneficial or damaging to a society depends on a number of
factors, including the country's level of development, its natural resources, and its social safety net.