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    Paper Report 1

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    This document outlines a study that aimed to define archetypes and requirements for mHealth interventions in rural Kenya. It begins by explaining that while mHealth initiatives have shown success in Kenya, many fail due to factors such as low doctor-patient ratios, technological and educational limitations, and a lack of consideration for user archetypes and requirements. The study used a mixed-methods approach including surveys and interviews to identify four main user archetypes for mHealth in Kenya - the chronically ill, family providers, hard-to-reach populations, and those willing to pay - and derive corresponding user requirements to inform future mHealth app design and development. Key takeaways included the need for more nuanced studies beyond surface-level statistics and the

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    Paper Report 1

    Uploaded by

    svanessacardenas
    6 views19 pages
    This document outlines a study that aimed to define archetypes and requirements for mHealth interventions in rural Kenya. It begins by explaining that while mHealth initiatives have shown success in Kenya, many fail due to factors such as low doctor-patient ratios, technological and educational limitations, and a lack of consideration for user archetypes and requirements. The study used a mixed-methods approach including surveys and interviews to identify four main user archetypes for mHealth in Kenya - the chronically ill, family providers, hard-to-reach populations, and those willing to pay - and derive corresponding user requirements to inform future mHealth app design and development. Key takeaways included the need for more nuanced studies beyond surface-level statistics and the

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    PAPER REPORT 1

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    This document outlines a study that aimed to define archetypes and requirements for mHealth interventions in rural Kenya. It begins by explaining that while mHealth initiatives have shown success in Kenya, many fail due to factors such as low doctor-patient ratios, technological and educational limitations, and a lack of consideration for user archetypes and requirements. The study used a mixed-methods approach including surveys and interviews to identify four main user archetypes for mHealth in Kenya - the chronically ill, family providers, hard-to-reach populations, and those willing to pay - and derive corresponding user requirements to inform future mHealth app design and development. Key takeaways included the need for more nuanced studies beyond surface-level statistics and the

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views19 pages

    Paper Report 1

    Uploaded by

    svanessacardenas
    This document outlines a study that aimed to define archetypes and requirements for mHealth interventions in rural Kenya. It begins by explaining that while mHealth initiatives have shown success in Kenya, many fail due to factors such as low doctor-patient ratios, technological and educational limitations, and a lack of consideration for user archetypes and requirements. The study used a mixed-methods approach including surveys and interviews to identify four main user archetypes for mHealth in Kenya - the chronically ill, family providers, hard-to-reach populations, and those willing to pay - and derive corresponding user requirements to inform future mHealth app design and development. Key takeaways included the need for more nuanced studies beyond surface-level statistics and the

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    of 19

    FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS

    PAPER
    REPORT
    Vanessa Cardenas Garcia
    DEFINING ARCHETYPES AND
    REQUIREMENTS FOR M-HEALTH
    INTERVENTIONS IN RURAL KENYA
    de Paula et al (2021)
    AGENDA

    01 PROBLEM
    02 LITERATURE
    03 METHODOLOGY
    04 RESULTS
    05 DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
    Problem

    M-HEALTH INITIATIVES HAVE SHOWN


    SUCESS AND POTENTIAL IN KENYA, STILL
    MANY FAIL
    Problem

    WHY DO MANY M-HEALTH INITIATIVES


    FAIL IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY?

    • Low ratio of doctor to patient (1.5 - 10k, vs 36 to 10k)


    • 97.8% have access to mobile phone*
    • Attitudes and behaviors —> limitation for acceptance and scalability
    • User types with specific needs —> archetypes and user requirements
    • Existance of general design archetypes for mHealths

    • Challenge: Create specific archetypes and user requirements for hard-to-reach populations
    Problem

    RESEARCH
    QUESTIONS

    What are the main

    archetypes of patients
    RQ1 for mHealth development
    in Kenya?

    What requirements for


    mHealth in Kenya can we
    RQ2 derived from these
    archetypes?
    LITERATURE

    THEORY REVIEW
    Literature

    TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODELS:


    CONSTRUCT FOR RLS

    • Unified Theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT): starting point for mHealth developers
    • Limitation: Do not cover social, cultural and behavioral factors specific to RLS (Kenya)
    • Predictors of mHealth acceptance: usefulness, ease of use, cost-effectiveness and confidentiality
    • Behavior of archetypes: Infer design requirements
    Literature

    CHALLENGES FOR M-HEALTH ADOPTION IN


    KENYA

    • Smartphone penetration: 30%


    • From 85% only 44% own their phone
    • Economic: cost for a mobile phone, access to internet

    • Educational: technological illiteracy

    • Higher educated population: higher access to smartphone


    • Socio-cultural: lack of multilingual content

    • Insufficient face-to-face interaction with HCP


    METHODOLOGY

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
    Methodology

    RESEARCH STRUCTURE

    Definition of Definition of user


    Research Pre-quanti Study Modeling
    archetypes requirements

    The selected approach was a mixed-method inquiry (survey & interview)


    RESULTS

    IDENTIFIED ARCHETYPES & USER


    REQUIREMENTS
    Results

    ARCHETYPES FRAMEWORK
    Archetype I Archetype II

    The Chronically Ill The Family Provider

    • Wants medical care and feel empowered • Priority is to get healthcare treatment for the
    about the disease family
    noitazitiroirp erachtlaeH

    • Lack of medical treatment, how to live better • Wants a package solution with fixed price and
    with their disease and manage stress be updated by trustable HCP

    Archetype III Archetype IV

    The Hard-to-Reach The Willing-to-Pay

    • Disconnected technologically and socially • Phisically and socially active, want a healthy
    • Priority is to feed the family, reduced time to life. Willing to pay more
    seek for healthcare • Prefers to prevent instead to treat a disease
    • Wants education on how to handle c. diseases • Wants high quality service

    Mobile technology adoption/spending power


    DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION

    MAIN KEY TAKE AWAYS


    Discussion & Conclusion

    DISCUSSION

    • Discrepancies between the high-level survey and the interview


    • Call for more studies beyond superficial statistics
    • This study can be applied to other RLS
    • User requirements to hand over to developers
    THANK YOU
    Q&A

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