FINAL OUTPUT

GE ELECT 2
Reading in Governance and Philippine
Constitution
S.Y. 2023-2024

Submitted by:
MACAS, ADRIAN O.
BUENDIA, JC RIEL G
QUIJANCE, JUNER SERGSMICHEL C.
Students

Submitted to:
MC JERO O. ACUÑA

Instructor
 ARTICLE IV

ARTICLE IV

ARTICLE IV

CITIZENSHIP
Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:

[1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;

[2] Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;

[3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority; and

[4] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Section 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without
having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect
Philippine citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed
natural-born citizens.

Section 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.

Section 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by
their act or omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

Section 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with
by law.
 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

1. Does the government have the power to deprive man’s life liberty, and property?
In democratic societies like the Philippines, governmental powers are typically
limited and regulated by a constitution. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines, in Article III, explicitly protects the fundamental rights to life, liberty, and
property. However, it recognizes that under certain circumstances, these rights may be
limited or restricted for legitimate purposes such as national security or public welfare. The
constitution provides due process of law, ensuring that any deprivation of these rights is
based on fair and just procedures. It establishes the rule of law and promotes a balance
between individual liberties and the needs of society. Therefore, while the government has
certain powers to maintain order and protect the common good, these powers are
circumscribed by constitutional principles to prevent arbitrary or unjust infringement upon
the rights of individuals.

2. what is a writ of habeas corpus?

A writ of habeas corpus is a legal order designed to protect an individual's right to
personal freedom by demanding that a person in custody be brought before a court or judge.
The Latin term "habeas corpus" translates to "you shall have the body," reflecting its core
purpose of preventing arbitrary detention. This writ serves as a vital safeguard against
unlawful imprisonment, allowing individuals to challenge the legality of their confinement.
When someone files a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, the court reviews the
circumstances of their detention to ensure it complies with the law. The writ plays a crucial
role in upholding individual liberties, ensuring that people are not held captive without
proper legal justification and reinforcing the principle that personal freedom is a fundamental
right that must be protected under the rule of law.
3. What are the rights of a person under custodial investigation?
A person under custodial investigation has several rights to ensure a fair and just
legal process. These rights are designed to protect individuals from coercion and ensure
the integrity of the legal system. Some key rights include the right to remain silent,
safeguard against self-incrimination, and the right to legal counsel. The right to be
informed of these rights, commonly known as the Miranda rights, is crucial. Individuals
also have the right to be treated humanely, avoiding any form of torture or cruel
treatment. Additionally, the right to a speedy and impartial trial is fundamental. These
rights are often enshrined in legal systems globally, reflecting the commitment to
upholding human rights and ensuring that those under custodial investigation are treated
fairly, preserving the presumption of innocence until proven guilty in a court of law.

4. what are the rights of the accused under trial or criminal prosecution?
The rights of the accused under trial or criminal prosecution are fundamental to a
fair and just legal system. These rights are designed to ensure the protection of
individuals throughout the legal process. Key rights include the presumption of innocence
until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, the right to a fair and public trial, and the
right to legal representation. The accused also has the right to confront witnesses and
evidence presented against them, as well as the right to remain silent to avoid self-
incrimination. Protection against double jeopardy, the prohibition of cruel and unusual
punishment, and the right to appeal a conviction are also crucial components of the rights
of the accused. These rights collectively aim to uphold principles of justice, due process,
and the rule of law, safeguarding individuals from potential abuses within the criminal
justice system.