Практична робота №2

Впр. 8 стр. 33

Впр. 9, стр. 33-34

1 c) through

2 c) companies

3 a) gas

4 d) transmission

5 b) connected

6 d) transmission

7 c) petrol

8 a) among

9 a) firms

10 d) offices

Впр. 10, стр. 35

1. Consumers can choose among different suppliers and contracts.

2. Switching suppliers should be free of charge for households and small businesses and take no
longer than three weeks – and even 24 hours if smart meters are rolled out.

3. A consumer’s electricity bill in Europe is made up of three elements, each accounting usually for
roughly one third of the price: electricity generation (the cost of making power), network charges
(the cost of delivering power), and taxes and levies.

4. The exact composition of the bill varies from one Member State to another.

5. Electricity produced from gas usually sets the price in European markets.

6. The current gas price rise results primarily from supply shortages and higher demand for stronger
than that of the ETS price.

7. The EU Emissions Trading System does not levy any fees directly from consumers, but the cost of
buying emission allowances is usually passed on to consumers by energy companies.

8. The rising carbon prices over the last year have affected wholesale electricity prices, but the effect
of the higher gas price is currently 9 times stronger than that of the ETS price.

Впр. 1, стр 36
1)By the time I came back from my business trip, a lot of things had changed.

2)The tariff for gas and electricity increased by 10% in September 2021.

3)Gas reserves were estimated at 35 900 bcm before they started declining rapidly.

4)They had suffered from power cuts for years before a new power plant was put into operation.

5)Gas prices are increasing these days.

6)The number of suppliers in the UK leveled off in 2018.

7)While they were delivering fuel to a gasoline station, the truck broke.

Впр. 2 стр 36

In the post-World War II period, there have been two major oil crises. The first occurred in 1973
when Arab members of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) decided to
quadruple the price of oil to almost $12 a barrel. Oil exports to the United States, Japan, and
western Europe, which together consumed more than half the world’s energy, were also prohibited.
OPEC’s decision was made in retaliation for Western support of Israel against Egypt and Syria during
the Yom Kippur War (1973) and in response to a persistent decline in the value of the U.S. dollar (the
denominated currency for oil sales), which had eroded the export earnings of OPEC states. With the
global capitalist economy already experiencing difficulties, these actions precipitated a steep
recession accompanied by rising inflation. This forced capitalist countries to embark on a process of
economic restructuring in order to reduce their dependency on oil and prompted fears that the
United States might take military action in order to secure free access to its energy supplies.
Although the oil embargo was lifted in 1974, oil prices remained high, and the capitalist world
economy continued to stagnate throughout the 1970s.

Впр. 3 стр 36

Yesterday, I visited the historical museum and learned about ancient civilizations.

While I was studying last night, my phone rang repeatedly, interrupting my concentration.

By the time we arrived at the concert, the opening act had already finished performing.

She felt exhausted because she had been running a marathon for hours.

He hadn't seen his old friend in years, so the reunion was quite emotional.

She drove to the beach and swam in the sea all day.

They were singing loudly when the power suddenly went out during the storm.

Before she left for the conference, she had already packed her suitcase.

The marathon runner had been training rigorously for months to prepare for the big race.

I walked to the park and played soccer with my friends for hours.

They were studying together for the exam until late at night.
Впр. 4 стр 36

The gas supply company was started 5 years ago.

Supply chains were disrupted by the U.K.’s departure from the EU before the problems in the energy
market started.

During the global financial crisis in 2008, consumer prices were being decreased by energy suppliers.

More than 50% of electric energy was generated by nuclear power plants in Ukraine last year.

Electricity was being supplied by this company while their competitor was repairing the transmission
line.

Consumers were protected from higher bills by the government before the market collapsed.

Supply to production facilities in Ukraine was disrupted by a heavy snowfall last winter.

A sudden and complete breakdown in electricity supply was caused by a terrible accident after the
purchase contract with the supplier had been signed by the customers.