Cisco Packet Tracer:

Cisco Packet Tracer is a simulation tool developed by Cisco Systems that allows users
to design, configure, and troubleshoot computer networks. It provides a virtual
environment where users can practice their networking skills without the need for
physical network equipment.
In Cisco Packet Tracer, various network devices are available to create and simulate
complex network topologies. These network devices represent the real-world
counterparts used in computer networks. Here are some commonly used network
devices in Cisco Packet Tracer:
Network devices:
1.Router:
Routers are fundamental networking devices that connect different networks together.
They forward data packets between networks based on network addresses. In Packet
Tracer, routers support a wide range of routing protocols, such as RIP, OSPF, and
EIGRP.
 Routers help transmit packets to their destinations by charting a path through the sea
of interconnected networking devices using different network topologies.
 Routers are intelligent devices, and they store information about the networks they
are connected to.
 Most routers can be configured to operate as a packet-filtering firewalls and use
access control lists(ACLs).
 Routers in conjunction with a channel service unit/data service unit(CSU/DSU), are
also used to translate from LAN framing to WAN framing.This is needed because
LAN and WAN use different network protocols.
 Sach routers are known as border routers.They serve as the outside connection of a
LAN to a WAN , and they operate at the border of your network.

2. Switch:
Switches are used to connect devices within a local area network (LAN). They
operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and use MAC addresses to
forward data between devices. Packet Tracer offers various types of switches with
different capabilities and port densities.

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  The switch maintains limited routing information about nodes in the internal
network, and it allows connections to systems like hubs or routers.
 Strands of LANs are usually connected using switches. Generally, switches can
read the hardware addresses of incoming packets to transmit them to the
appropriate destination.
 Using switches improves network efficiency over hubs are routers because of the
virtual circuit capability.
 Switches also improve network security because the virtual circuits are more
difficult to examine with network monitors.
 You can think of a switch as a device that has some of the best capabilities of a
routers and hubs combined.
 A switch can work at either the data link layer or the network layer of the OSI
model.

3.Hub:
Hubs are simple network devices that operate at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the
OSI model. They broadcast incoming data to all connected devices, resulting in a
shared collision domain. Although hubs are less commonly used in modern
networks, they are still available in Packet Tracer for educational purposes.
 Hubs connect multiple computer networking devices together.
 A hub also acts as a repeater in that it amplifies a signals that deteriorate after
travelling long distances over connecting cables.
 A hub is the simplest in the family of network connecting devices because it
connects LAN components with identical protocols.
 A hub can be used with both digital and analog data,provided it's settings have
been configured to prepare for the formatting of the incoming data.
 For example, if the incoming data is in digital format ,the hub must pass it on
as a packets; however, if the incoming data is analog then the hub passes it on in
signal form.
 Hubs do not perform packet filtering or addressing functions; they just send a
data packets to all connected devices.
 Hubs operate at the physical layer of the open system interconnection model.
There are two types of hubs simple and multiple port.

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4.Bridge:
A bridge is a device that connects two or more network segments together at the
data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Its primary function is to forward data
packets between these segments based on their MAC addresses.
 Bridges are used to connect two or more hots or network segments together.
 The basic role of bridges in network architecture is storing and forwarding frames
between the different segments that the bridge connects.
 They use hardware media access control (MAC)address for transferring frames.
By looking at the MAC address of the devices connected to each segment, bridges
can forward the data or block it from crossing.
 Bridges can also be used to connect two physical LANs into a larger logical LAN.
 Bridges are like hubs in many respects, including the fact that they connect the
LAN components with identical protocols. However, bridges filter incoming data
packets, known as frames, for addresses before they are forwarded.
 As it filters the data packets, the bridges makes no modifications to the format or
content of the incoming data. The bridge filters and forwards frames on the
network with the help of a dynamic bridge table.
 Bridges have mostly fallen out of favour in recent years and have been replaced
by switches, which offer more functionality. In fact, switches are sometimes
referred to as a ''multiport bridges'' because of how they operate.

5.Wireless devices:
Wireless devices that allow you to simulate and understand the operation of
wireless networks. These wireless devices offer functionalities similar to their
real-world counterparts.
 Wireless Access Point (WAP): A wireless access point acts as a central point for
wireless devices to connect to a network. In Packet Tracer, you can configure
various parameters for the WAP, such as SSID (Service Set Identifier), security
settings (WEP, WPA, WPA2), and wireless channel selection. The WAP allows
wireless devices to establish a wireless connection and communicate with other
devices on the network.
 Wireless LAN Controller (WLC): The wireless LAN controller provides
centralized management and control of multiple wireless access points. In Packet
Tracer, you can configure a WLC to manage multiple WAPs and control wireless
network settings, such as radio frequency settings, channel allocation, and
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 security policies. The WLC simplifies the administration and configuration of
wireless networks.
 Wireless Client Devices: Cisco Packet Tracer includes various wireless client
devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets. These devices can connect to
wireless access points and join the wireless network. You can configure wireless
settings on these devices, such as selecting the appropriate wireless network,
entering security credentials, and obtaining an IP address via DHCP.
 Wireless Security: Cisco Packet Tracer allows you to configure wireless security
mechanisms for WAPs, such as encryption protocols (WEP, WPA, WPA2),
authentication methods (PSK, 802.1X), and MAC address filtering. These
security settings help protect the wireless network from unauthorized access and
ensure secure communication between wireless devices and the network.

6.Modems:
 Modems are used to transmit digital signals over analogue telephone lines.
 Thus, digital signals are converted by the modem into analog signals of different
frequencies and transmitted to a modem at the receiving location.
 The receiving modem performs the reverse transformation and provides a digital
output to a device connected to a modem, usually a computer.
 The digital data is usually transferred to or from the modem over a serial line
through an industry standard interface, RS- 232.
 Modems work on both physical and data link layers.

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 7.Gateway:
 Gateway is normal work at the Transport and session layers of the OSI model. At
the transport layer and above, there are numerous protocols and standards from
different vendors; gateways are used to deal with them.
 Gateways provide translation between networking technologies such as open
system interconnection (OSI) and transmission control protocol/internet
protocol(TCP/IP).
 Because of this, gateways connect two or more autonomous networks, each with
its own routing algorithms, protocols, topology, domain name service, and
network administration procedures and policies.
 Gateway perform all of the functions of a routers and more. In fact,a router with
added translation functionality is a gateway.
 The function that does the translation between different network technologies is
called a protocol converter.

8.Repeaters:
 A repeater is an electronic device that amplifies the signal it receives.
 You can think of repeater as a device which receives a signal and retransmits it
at a higher level or higher power so that the signal can cover longer distances,
more than 100 metres for standard LAN cables.
 Repeaters work on the physical layer.

9.Access point:
 Access point (AP) can technically involve either a wired or wireless connection,
it commonly means a wireless device.

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 An AP works at the second OSI layer, the Data Link Layer, and it can operate
either as a bridge connecting a standard wired network to wireless device or as a
router passing data transmissions from one access point to another.
 Access points typically are separate network devices with a built-in antenna,
transmitter and adapter.
 APs use the wireless infrastructure network mode to provide a connection point
between WALNs and a wired Ethernet LAN.
 They also have server ports, giving you a way to expand the network to support
additional clients.
 Depending on the size of the network one or more APs might be required to
provide full coverage.

10.Server:
Servers are powerful computers that provide services to other devices on the
network. They can host websites, databases, file sharing, email, and many other
network services. In Packet Tracer, you can configure server devices to
simulate different types of servers and their functionalities.

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 1. Check the operation of the following device with example.
i. Hub
ii. Switch
iii. Router
iv. Gateway

i. Hub
Steps of Hub operation:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 1 Hub
- 2 PC
- 2 Laptop

 Using cable connect all devices.

- Connect all devices to HUB as shown in fig.

 Give IP address to all the PCs and laptop.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig do the same for laptop.
- Wait until arrow becomes Green.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC /laptop go to Command Prompt type ping and IP
address of the another PCs/laptop.
- The result is shown in fig.

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 We can check the result in another way.
- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take any one
pc/ laptop as source and any one pc/ laptop as destination place the
message on source and destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable ICMP
then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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ii. Switch
Steps of Switch operation:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 1 Switch
- 2 PC
- 2 Laptop

 Using cable connect all devices.

- Connect all devices to Switch as shown in fig.

 Give IP address to all the PCs and laptop.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig do the same for laptop.
- Wait until arrow becomes Green.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC /laptop go to Command Prompt type ping and IP
address of the another PCs/laptop.
- The result is shown in fig.

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 We can check the result in another way.
- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take any one
pc/ laptop as source and any one pc/ laptop as destination place the
message on source and destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable ICMP
then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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iii. Router:
Steps of Router operation:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 2 Switch
- 4 PC
- 1 Router

 Using cable connect all devices.

- Connect PCs to Switch and switch to Router as shown in fig.

 Give IP address to all the PCs and laptop.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address as well as default gateway(IP address of router) after
entering the IP address the subnet mask value will come automatically as
shown in fig do the same for laptop.
- Wait until arrow becomes Green.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PC.
- The result is shown in fig.

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take any one
pc as source and any one pc as destination place the message on source
and destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable ICMP
then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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iv. Gateway:
Steps of Gateway operation:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 1 Switch
- 5 PC
- 1 Server

 Using cable connect all devices.

- Connect PCs to Switch and switch to Server as shown in fig.

 Give IP address to all the PCs and Server.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address as well as default gateway(IP address of router) after
entering the IP address the subnet mask value will come automatically as
shown in fig do the same for Server.
- Wait until arrow becomes Green.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PC.
- The result is shown in fig.

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take any one
pc as source and any one pc as destination place the message on source
and destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable ICMP
then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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2. Simulate different types of topology used in data networks.
i. Mesh
ii. Bus
iii. Star
iv. Tree

i. Mesh:
Steps of making mesh topology:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 4 PC
- 4 Switch (2960)

 Using cable connect all devices.

- Connect four switches to each other as shown in figure.
- Connect every PC to according to switch.

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  Give IP address to all the PCs.
- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Wait until arrow becomes green.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one pc as
source and one pc as destination place the message on source and
destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable ICMP
then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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ii. Bus:
Steps of making mesh topology:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 4 PC
- 4 Switch (2960)

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  Using cable connect all devices.
- Connect four switches to each other as shown in figure.
- Connect every PC to according to switch.

 Give IP address to all the PCs.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Wait until arrow becomes green.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig.

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 We can check the result in another way.
- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one pc as
source and one pc as destination place the message on source and
destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable ICMP
then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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iii. Star:
Steps of making mesh topology:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 5 PC
- 1 Switch (2960)

 Using cable connect all devices.

- Connect switches to each PC as shown in figure.

 Give IP address to all the PCs.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Wait until arrow becomes green.

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 -

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig.

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one pc
as source and one pc as destination place the message on source and
destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable
ICMP then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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iv. Tree:
Steps of making mesh topology:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 6 PC
- 3 Switch

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  Using cable connect all devices.
- Connect switches to PCs and switches to switches as shown in figure.

 Give IP address to all the PCs.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Wait until arrow becomes green.

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 -

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig.

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one pc
as source and one pc as destination place the message on source and
destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable
ICMP and ARP then click on capture forward then you can see the
message will transferred from source to destination.

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3.Establish communication between two routers using cisco packet tracer.
Steps of making two router communication:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 2 PC
- 2 Router (1841)

 Using cable connect all devices.

- Connect router to PCs and router to router as shown in figure.
- For router to router connection use serial connector ,to do this 1 st we
have to click on router and switch off the router switch and place WIC-
IT as shown in fig. Then connect the router to router using serial
communication.

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  Give IP address to all the PCs and routers.
- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Click on router go to configure and click on the ethernet which we used
to connect the pc and give the IP address, then click on serial which we
used to connect the routers and give the IP address.
- Enable the port status as shown in figure.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig.

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one pc
as source and one pc as destination place the message on source and
destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable
ICMP and ARP then click on capture forward then you can see the
message will transferred from source to destination.

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 4. Using cisco packet tracer simulate.
i. Setting static IP protocol.
ii. Setting dynamic IP protocol.

i. Setting static IP protocol.

Steps of making Setting static IP protocol:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 4 PC
- 2 Router (1841)
- 2 Switch (2960)

 Give IP address to all the PCs and routers.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Click on router go to configure and click on the ethernet which we used
to connect the pc and give the IP address, then click on serial which we
used to connect the routers and give the IP address.
- Enable the port status as shown in figure.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig.

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one pc
as source and one pc as destination place the message on source and
destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable
ICMP and ARP then click on capture forward then you can see the
message will transferred from source to destination.

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ii. Setting dynamic IP protocol.
Steps of making Setting static IP protocol:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 4 PC
- 3 Router (1841)
- 2 Switch (2960)

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  Give IP address to all the PCs and routers.
- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Click on router go to configure and click on the ethernet which we used
to connect the pc and give the IP address, then click on serial which we
used to connect the routers and give the IP address.
- Enable the port status as shown in figure.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig.

 We can check the result in another way.

- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one pc
as source and one pc as destination place the message on source and
destination pc respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable
ICMP and ARP then click on capture forward then you can see the
message will transferred from source to destination.

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5.Using DNS server display following statement using cisco packet tracer.
Statement: Welcome to department of EIE BMSCE
Welcome to my webpage
Steps to display the above statement:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 1 PC
- 1 Switch (2960)
- 1 Server

 Give IP address to PC and server.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address and also DNS ,after entering the IP address the subnet
mask value will come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the
PCs.
- Click on Server go to configure IP address and DNS ,then click on HTTP
click on index.html edit option, as shown in fig, then delete the message
and write the statement which you want to display.
- Wain until all the arrows becomes green.

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  Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to web browser in URL type the website name
which you gave or type the IP address of the server, then click on go your
statement will display as shown in figure.

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6.Using cisco packet tracer set DHCP protocol.
Steps of setting DHCP protocol:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 2 PC
- 1 Switch (2960)
- 1 Server
- 1 Router (1841)

 Give IP address to Router and server.

- Click on router go to interface and choose the fastehernet which you used
to connect swich and router ,give IP address.
- Click on server go to desktop give IP address and default gateway(IP
address of the router), then click on DHCP on the port and give the port
name ,and again give the default gateway.
- Then click on configaration there select the ethernet which you select to
connect switch and server , and give IP address.

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  Check the result:
- Click on the PC and go to desktop and turn static to DHCP then
automatically the IP address and default gateway will come, as shown in
fig.

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7.Using cisco packet tracer design simple LAN network.
Steps of simple LAN network:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 2 PC
- 1 Switch (2960)
- 2 Laptop

 Make the connection.

- Connect all PC and LAPTOP to the switches as shown in figure.

 Give IP address to all the PCs and LAPTOP.

- Click on PC and go to desktop and then click on IP configuration in that
give IP address after entering the IP address the subnet mask value will
come automatically as shown in fig, do this for all the PCs.
- Do the same process for LAPTOP.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one PC go to Command Prompt type ping and IP address
of the another PCs.
- The result is shown in fig.

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8.Using cisco packet tracer design/simulate wireless LAN network.
Steps of wireless LAN network:
 Take all required devices in Cisco packet tracer.
- 2 Tablet PC
- 1 Access point
- 2 Smart phone
- After placing all the devices the topology will build as shown in fig.

 Make the settings for Tablet PC, Access point and Smartphone.
- Click on access point go to physical and give the display name then
clock on port0 enable the port ,then click on port1 change the SSID
name to display name.
- Click on Tablet PC go to configure give the gateway address and click
on wireless change SSID name to display name do this for both Tablet
PCs and Smartphones as shown in fig.

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 Check the result:
- Click on any one Smartphone or Tablet PC go to Command Prompt type
ping and IP address of the another PC or SP.
- The result is shown in fig

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 We can check the result in another way.
- Click on simulation mode and then select the message and take one any
as source and one as destination place the message on source and
destination respectively.
- Then click on show all/none and then click on edit filter and enable ICMP
then click on capture forward then you can see the message will
transferred from source to destination.

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