Ec

ConductS Semicondvchens TD6ulaorYs

band of basis he Solids
n FfcatHon
of *Oao8i
Force Attesacne
15
NatEb
Theoy Bord
appiication and effect Hall 9
enengg
tempevahure withvoiaion îts and 9)Fermi
ucher cood Sernietinaîc Tainsic
and
teory band ofbasis te on
8olids
0Ogsoifcafon
of
Benicondocteng hysics-
Dcle:
 Date

* Totfnsic and Exfneic SermiconductoYS

)iosic Sen•conducne
Pore Seni Conducheys and aleo koown as6ofF Berniconduchone
The conducvity fs lees ond hencen hey are notE u9ed in loge
Scole applcaffon

)Exrfnsic Semiconduckrs'
Thy ne koown a5 impure senicoodoctr6 a9
Hege gemi condvcheYs e
13
Fabricated ty dding Conroled amount of impuiHegho he pue
semiconduchos
The condvcfviy îs high ond hences hese makeials me used fo
Bale qpplfcaHon
These semiconduchovs ae cdassiffed ínto io gpoups2
NType semiconduchon9i
ImpuiHes frem group I re added to Hepe
gemicondoctor
Hben N-Type semiconducto e Formed
Eg: Te we add phoapbonUSneenic to pue 6i/Ge
seniconduchey
P-Type Semiconduckone:
2o IE Pmpuvîfee from group IT e gdded to He pue semiconducoys
ben
Bemfconductoe oYe Foymed
E BoYoN aturns ye added to pure
6/Ge semicondvctoY

Fermi Enevgy and Fevmi Aunefons

() Feoi
Energg:
IE Îs Hhe max amount of
energy present ot Ok ko he electvons
G) Fermi Levele
T6e Femi Level corTesponds to he
enegg level hoving Fevmi
 Datc :

(rP)FeYmi Funcfon FCE)8

Fesmi Funchfen gives the probobiliy of cccuparay of energy level by
elecrons

Fce)= E=Energy2 Er= Femi Energy

T=Temperahure, K=BolFzmonn constono
k= lo88x\0-29

Fetmí level io fobinsic semiondochey

15
Ef

h cgfe of Sninsic 6emicondocteoc eof e6 in conduchon band is alcags

eoal ko the ncof holes fo He valence band

n=N)dE.FC)
E=eiy f states in the monge E+dE,EJ
20

Nce kt
LNc=denethy of states in conducRon bond, n= noofes

wel kT
NC ond Nu nre he dnsity Sates in corducion and valence bornd
qespecively
 Date:

y egwatrg quoton ( ond cs

Ne-/Ec):
kT kT

NG

Ne
kT
EF= Ec++ RT
2 2

Ef= Ec+EN
2

Telakviskc mo68 Of holes and e6

62

Ne= 2(gTmnkT2
h2

Varia Hon of FeYmiLeNel fn Exiosic gemicondocher&

’Caeie A constant ternperahuve

 W) 20 15
* G)s ()
o bando ConNeYed
to lessthevefere
Shred
kuel fninsfe CondvcHon
f of Ar VariaHon Rocrengo gtoms velohvey
hghe mpihy AE AF
enenH low
e He louw highest modevate
will system is
tempevahore concentraHon
bkage, temperahuye
es and Ihis
incide bord of fnerea9ed
concentyatfonof eneryconcentroion
wfihence,
Ferm? leads
Hhe is q9 and \evel9 the
T,k.
oith
iconduct be fonizgHon
i5 of Level bands. feymi
es to
hencey hence of
much ingensec Bermfcocdoche, He
Hhe fron of impuity
ofth \evel
t ie TheefoYen donr
shifEF Impurihy
inac highey of impuriy
impuriHes leeeceeseeCECEEEEEBeeÉees
medeare
tempu At Termpeyahoe troodening 1fes
wl From inpuity fn ion®,
as
he feImi
enegt in
aton, the fon
aluebeccme
tmeoed k Tikb behweern
he
aon Ferm FeYm? levels
ol f
Taky în leyele he interacHen
meyes leyel NType he he eNel fnteracHon
intrinsfc has fnteratfon wll he
Hhe în
idoncY
total nct ccodocRon øbiets
A
fonizaRon wi be conducfon.
bis stostedo Nie
Semíconductey enerqy behoeen
fconduchus no«cf broodenedbeheen Dale :
shage, beheen towords
clo8e L
exrinsíces. cf The bond level bond Mem
toral to Hern
impily ternperahure Hhe impurîty
fe he and doncx
and ie
noc also todoclion very
fermí gom6
 CvD cit) Tm
SBae : MAu
ABateesf Elow similvly Tèviance
priociple ene
deic to As
eqwilibiHum,
equilibrium
Yae Ar densiyConsidey Impuily
KT
e solfde eonduckfn the
aranging
ge,oe offrom funcfon
FeYmi
NIC)
Dencáty
E of
ers F2CE) states hoo în atomsempera
2 qeneral of level
rate fron From ol semicnductor
0 band
and Fetnß atorted hure
to ard Tifs
from 2 Na) and fe
tol= 2= of cf
Ao FiCE) Leyel
al neede and
iocYlaSedFrom
qcYOBghe
to|
Ni).FiÆ). fey senicondocfng
27
acÊ). cre
the at ahifHng hence
ate fromes Heifem
LEneE Fac®) jeined Equillbrium eo.
From othey of
N2C¾).Cl-FzC) boundory frem Tik
Nic).Cl-FiCE)) yBourdony funcHon
Fermî
FcE)
ganicondocor ogether
AuncRon
devfces fermi
2 Densihy
tol to to
2 level
fB
iand wvk Tak,
olaeg
Nec) Of in
eqal CEn) gtons
5emicondvctoy
NCE) moNe
will. he
on
ouDoYd6 fonîzafcn Date :
to is His
ate He
o c
20 15
’In
Frmed When Concenratfone
cordvcion
holesof It Law
fntvfnslc states
hat at ofF
P-hpe Maes
semfconducter
Semfcardochoy Afon
equalieo
eqwilibr+um

n=po
is
jcfned he
product
Squre he
cf
wi of
th
concenhakn
N-tye
ininsic
9enícondocter,
cf
elechmone Dale :
corierg
chorge

P-N
nd
Tncson

s
 21 1

perpendiculor
welog he Femi
states
Leyel
hat
is maehc Diffusío P
N called to in
both when
hall FReld, P-N
curent q Juncien
efecte CUrrent
hen
ond he Dicde&
magneicveltage

ie
CcnducleY DÍEfafon
Aeld.
developed
T6is
is
eFEect în
poaed
the
cf Date:
drechon in
q

EFi
E
yesultantTheG) t 2 20 15 10
OThe
chng (9ct)UndeY G9)
Drift J=nevd CumentTherefere, electic
Ey=Eo Ey=\aez.. magetic
Hences divevHrg qnd
holes înThe yepellont Ccnsider
qe qgelied magnehc
Velocity pe he
density feld. ield a
Caniese Bz= hall foee
applícakon
wbere ismagneic
veociky nd kHeJre volage fld ypep-
q(as) o established given
ccnduchui q=
given fo
afrecion ield by
9emîcondu
of
ahooys
c Bz chorvgen produced ) applied
Bz elechric
choge in wil equaone
Lorentz
=Aßz p=ConcentraHon
in hy qoaa.t Buch Th fncton
is: change and
coies ondon oder z
a drechcn(B)
imogneHc io
way he
comyinga
is me gestre
ion cf diecien
zero Hat
due cereiienkHall hcles, Held
it cuYent
to he
V= balances of heles
Hermal
Neloihy current,qinalhe Acu
il T) Dale :.
enegy he of çeriene
co in
effect hole5
ci)
direaHen
cf a
 Civi)ndey
20
Fbeemes:
(6sccnduchvihy)C)
J=CE AS J=The heYMalhe Under will
ne by
let pev
neYdwheYe
cuyrent moNe
camporing te
Chms Hhe
pellh fo
applicafon appficafon
egeafon Low deneihy velcályo
kneun he
Chavge nz
Lesh cf
orenoRon
ditecon
arierg Conducfihyo
( T) of of
alsOCan
ond electyic exteno
cf
mitity Choles ciD, of FAeld
bolese6
nd detenet
chorqe Aeld, feldo
and.e) metiliy
choge ct
canrieYS, he heesultont
be
the exty
determined
e=
yeSullon
electrcnic ccmponent
conies
Hen
t
gs
Date :
charge is chovge
comied
added

to
 Calulatethe 3) ’6= ln
20
pe 10 DThe
kSuesitns/Numevícals
9Tegesis
huiby
RHL Solni
Gam elechron
FÓ= fers leGxi9(o4+o.
21xi0I9
2.016
'm x
ple F-EEI+e inrínsîc
level p-ype
is kT and
gucsxIc'mk. í9 hole
gemanium, cayrier
|+ekT ocupied
prebabiliy mebility
KT
densîky
Frod byHhatthe
lehron an
ni=2i4x10
+el Ye
he ot i5
concentyaion ond l.5x
De2
r,
10
m2ylsl,
dersihy
level m
IE
and of
qt Hhe
Wbatberen
mbe
mo kT,
bi s mebithly
li hall
fy 9kT, the îs
ofefect Ye5X1¢s Dato
Ccnduchvíy
bekreard
choge lo
cceficdent kT akesJm.The
above
cF
the
 mick
Date: ImmAow
and 2CmA
oide of
Snmcurent
long,
a
hen
12mm
o5Wblm2,
oîth
eystal
of vcltage
deneily
9miccnducling
he
ep Bemiccndocey?
SecY2XI0!
has Specinen,
magoet
H Hbe
15 20 25