Pharos University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering

SEMESTER: 5th year - 9th semester ACADEMIC YEAR: Fall 2023/2024

Course Title: Communication Systems Course Code: EE 350
Coordinator: Dr. Shawki Shaaban (R.I.P)
Instructor: Dr. Hanan El-Gammal Sheet - 4
Assistant: Eng. Marwa Elhdad

Sheet (4): Satellite Communication System

1. Arab Sat is controlled and submitted from the Egyptian transmitting earth station found in
Maadi. The system has the following parameters:
• Arab Sat has a longitude of 8o West.
• Frequency band of operation: Ku-band (18/12).
• Transmitting earth station located has a longitude of 32o East and latitude of 36o
North.
• Receiving earth station located has a longitude of 20o East and latitude of 20o North.
• Earth station transmitting antenna beam width = 0.1o, while its efficiency is 0.9.
• The altitude of the satellite is 35779 km and the radius of the spherical earth is 6377
km.
• The atmospheric loss is 1 dB.
• High power amplifier has a maximum saturated power of 50 dBW, with a back-off
loss of 1 dB, branching loss of 2 dB, and feeder loss of 1 dB.
• Modulation technique is 8-PSK with symbol rate of 27.5 Msymbol/sec.
• Transmitting video signal has 25 frame/sec and 256 color quality.
• LNA has G/Te = 2 dB/oK.

Determine:
a. The required diameter of the transmitting earth station parabolic antenna.
b. The azimuth and the elevation angles by which the transmitting earth station is
directed.
c. The azimuth and the elevation angles by which the receiving earth station is directed.
d. The distance between the satellite and the transmitting earth station.
e. The distance between the satellite and the receiving earth station.
f. The path loss in the uplink direction between the transmitting earth station and Arab
Sat.
g. The Isotropic Received power Level (IRL) at the front end of the satellite receiving
antenna.
h. The round delay time of the system, given that the satellite signal processing time is
200 msec.
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 i. The system bit probability of error in the uplink direction.
j. The resolution of the transmitted video signal.

Hints:
tan(∆ℓ)
𝜃!" = 180# + tan$% * 3
sin (𝐿)
𝑟
cos(𝑏) − 𝑑
$%
𝜃& = tan 4 ;
sin (𝑏)
𝑟
𝜔 = 90# − >𝜃& + sin$% ? sin(𝜃& + 90)@A
𝑑
(& *
For M-ary PSK: 𝑃' = 2𝑄(E ) ! 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ?'@)
"
#$
%
For large values of x; 𝑄(𝑥) ≈ +√(* 𝑒 $ $

2. Nile 103 which is a digital TV satellite system has a longitude of 7o West, operating
frequency Ku-band. The system has the following parameters:
I. Transmitting Earth Station:
• Located at Maadi (Cairo) with a longitude of 32o East and latitude of 30o North.
• High power amplifier (HPA) has a maximum saturated power of 37 dBW.
• Back-off loss: 2 dB, Branching loss: 1.5 dB, and Feeder loss: 2.5 dB.
• Transmitting antenna: Parabolic type with a diameter of 10 m, and efficiency of
0.85.
• Modulation technique: 16-ary PSK with transmitting symbol rate: 27500
kSymbol/sec.
II. Communication Channel:
• Line of sight with an additional atmospheric loss of 2 dB.
III. Satellite Unit:
• G/Te = -7 dB/oK.
• The attitude of the Satellite is 35779 km, and the radius of the spherical earth is
6377 km.
Now,
(a) Determine the average received power per symbol at the front end of the satellite
receiving antenna.
(b) Find the average energy per symbol to the noise ratio “Es/No” at the rear end of
the low noise amplifier of the satellite unit “LNA”.
(c) Evaluate the system symbol error probability in the uplink direction “PM”, and
then deduce the corresponding bit error rate “Pe”.
(d) Find the number of bits received in error in the uplink direction, when 5 minutes
of video signal is transmitted through the above system. The video signal has 25

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 frame per second, and resolution of 600×800 with 256 color quality. Also deduce
the maximum as well as the minimum number of pixels affected by this error.

3. TV satellite communication through Telecom-2D Sat has the following specifications:

• Required symbol error rate: 2×10-5.
• Modulation Technique: QPSK.
• Beam width of the earth station transmitting antenna: 0.2o, with antenna efficiency of
0.9.
• Earth station located at Paris 48.85o N and 2.35o E.
• Operating frequency: Ku-band (18/12).
• Back-off loss: 2 dB.
• Branching loss: 2 dB.
• Feeder loss: 4 dB.
• Symbol rate: 27500 kSymbol/sec.
• Additional atmospheric loss: 4 dB.
• Satellite longitude: 8o W.
• Satellite G/Te: -2.7 dB/oK.
Now,
(a) Find the gain of the earth station transmitting antenna, and deduce its diameter.
(b) Find the Isotropic received signal level at the front end of the satellite receiving
antenna.
(c) Find the value of the maximum saturated power of the high-power amplifier of the
transmitting earth station.
(d) What is the diameter of the satellite transmitting antenna needed to cover (1/3) of the
earth?
Hints:
%
-./(1)$
ü 𝜃& = tan$% * /34 (1)
&
3
6
ü 𝜔 = 90# − >𝜃& + sin$% ?7 cos (𝜃& )@A
ü Satellite altitude: 35779 km and Earth’s radius: 6377 km.
(& * &
ü For M-ary PSK: 𝑃' = 2𝑄(E ) ! 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ?'@) and for QPSK: 𝑃' = 2𝑄(E)! ).
" "

8 % :&
ü For M-ary QAM: 𝑃' = 9 (1 − ')( 𝑄(E('$ $%))
!
)
"
#$
% $
ü For large values of x; 𝑄(𝑥) ≈ +√(* 𝑒 $

ü Boltzmann constant: 1.38×10-23 W/Hz. oK.

Best Wishes

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