Embedded Based Electronic Ration Center

Introduction

India’s Public Distribution System (PDS) with a network of 4.78 Lakh Fair Price Shops (FPS) is
perhaps the largest retail system in the world. Major problems due to this system are the inefficiency in
the targeting of beneficiaries and the resulting leakage of subsidies. The TPDS system today supports
over 40 crore Indians below the poverty line with monthly supply of subsidized food grains. The
Government of India is having a UID (Unique Identification) number system called AADHAR number,
which address, contact numbers, bank account information etc. for every resident in the country. Using
the AADHAR number and the contact details, the Government can send a message (SMS) to the
individuals, containing information regarding quality and quantity of products allotted to him/her in a
respective ration shop.
To introduce our project is called * Automotive unmanned ration system “

Abstract

Automatic control is the use of various control systems operating equipment such as machinery,
processes in factories, boilers and heating oven, switching on telephone networks, steering and
stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human
intervention. Some processes have been completely automated.

Machine tools are a key component in industrial production processes as they play an important role in
the added value of manufactured products. The main objective of this project is to develop Automatic
ration system to improve the overall productivity and process quality of production line.

With this objective in mind, project has focused the active spindle heads and smart fixtures proposing a
new generation of UN manned Ration machine system.

Our project to improve the dynamic machine tools in several aspects and increase their
productivity introducing new features in existing ration .

Methods
More people are using Ration products due to cost control and better quality. Our project concept is
Electronic based Ration supply center. Each ration card holder having electronic card when any person
buying the ration products by to the card scanner section. Each card holder will have their own
password. After inserting a card in the card scanner and the card holder will enter the password. The
card holder selects in the products and then the cost of the product automatically credit to the ration
shop account the product come out in the output section. In the output section the product will count
according to the list of products.

Block Diagram
Block Explanation

Power supply:
The power supply section is very useful to give power to all sections. In this section we are using regulated
IC 7805. The IC output gets a 5volt constant voltage supply and other unregulated supply connects to the
relay driving section.

Micro controller
In this micro controller we are programmed in assembly language program. The inputs and outputs are
connected in the hardware circuits and check the input signal and analysis the program and give the
corresponding output signal to the output port.

Relay driving Section:

In this relay driving section is connected in the output of the micro controller. If the micro controller
gives a signal the relay will switch ON. The relay will ON or OFF depend upon the micro controller
signal. The relay is very useful to enable or disable the output devices like alarm, camera supply etc.,

TONE ENCODER SECTION

In this section we used a tone encoder chip um 91214. The output of the matrix keypad switch is
connected to the input of the tone encoder section. When we press any switch, this tone encoder chip will
analysis and its output will give the corresponding tone signal.

TONE DECODER SECTION

In this section we are using tone decoder chip CMD 8870. We are connecting the input of tone
signal to this chip and its output get the corresponding digital signal in four code bit BCD output and
also give the acknowledge signal. This signal will be connected to the input of the micro controller.

LCD display:
In this section very useful to display the display message. Here we are using use 16*2 matrix LCD
display.

IR Transmitter and IR Receiver

The IR transmitter sends an IR radiation (in the infrared wavelength region), which is reflected of a
surface and falls upon a receiver Due to the falling of light on the receiver a potential difference is
created across the ends with This is recognized by a microcontroller as HIGH or LOW.

Project Working principle:

Every ration customer is having electronic cards (we are using a IC2402). We assumed that the ration
shop is our project kit. While inserting their electronic card in the electronic card reader section and
enters their password number with the help of input keys. The micro controller will read the card data
and it compare with the corresponding password. If the password matches the micro controller will
display the eligible product. The customer will select the product one by one by using input keys. After
selecting the product, the micro controller will display the cost of the product then it will debit the
amount from the customer bank account. And the amount from the customer’s account will credit in the
ration card account. the output sensor will count number of products which will match with the
customer selected number of products and then the door will close (we assumed that the output sections
are machinery product output sections).

Hardware description
IC2402:

IC24c04 is a memory IC. We can store the customer data like customer code, password number, and
bank account balance in the memory chip. If the customer enters the chip the microcontroller read all
data and it will compare with the stored data. If the customer could not enter the correct password
immediately the micro controller will not continue the next step. If the customer enters the correct
password will then the micro controller change the data example account balance will change in the
customers chip and the micro controller writes the changed data (current available balance).
Power supply

This section is to give the DC Supply all section. In this section we are using Step down transformer. In
this transformer we are connecting a main card wire in primary as input and in secondary output we got
a 12V supply. These supplies are AC supply. But we require DC supply. For that we are rectifying the
supply by using Bridge rectifier. The DC supplies are connected to the regulated (Positive regulator) IC
and its output gets the constant voltage.

Regulated Chip Details

Positive & Negative Voltage Regulators

 3 Terminal Regulators
 Output Current up to 1.5A
 No external Components
 Internal Thermal Overload Protection
 High Power Dissipation Capability
 Internal short circuit current limiting
 Output transistor safe-area compensation
Description
This series of fixed voltage monolithic integrated circuit voltage regulators is designed for a wide range of
application. These applications include on card regulation for elimination of noise and distribution
problems associated with single point regulation. Each of these regulators can deliver up to 1.5 amperes
of output current. The internal current limiting and thermal shutdown features of these regulators make
them essentially immune to overload.

LCD display

characters LCD display

Description:

This interface, board consists of Matrix Hex keyboard and 2 lines, 16 characters LCD text display.

LCD Display:

LCD display has got built in controller. To display a character or numeral, the corresponding ASCII
value is to be given as input. The controller in turn converts the ASCII value into dot matrix format and
displays it. The characters are displayed in 5*7 matrix format. The LCD display works with 5V power
supply. The contrast of the display is adjusted through a variable resistance, which is connected across
5V power supply. Before writing the data, certain commands are to be sent to the controller like at what
position the character is to be displayed, the cursor is to be blinking or not.

The LCD display has got 8 data inputs namely DB0 to DB7 (Data Bus signals)

There is another pin namely RS (Register select signal). If a command is written, this pin is to be made as
0 level, (RS =0, Command Register). If data is written, then this pin is to be made as 1 level (RS =1, Data
register).

There is another pin namely E (Enable signal). The data or command is written into the controller only
by making the Enable signal high to low.
LCD display contains internal buffer memory to store the data. It is also possible to read the content of
the memory. Normally, the command and data are written in the LCD controller. At the time of writing
inside the controller, in addition to giving proper inputs to the control input pins RS and E, the R/W pin
of the LCD display must be kept zero.

The pin details are given as follows.

Interface pin connections

Pin No Symbol Function

1 Line Ground
2 Ground +5V
3 V0 Contrast adjustment
4 RS Register select signal
5 R/W Read/Write signal
6 E Enable signal
7 DB0 Data bus signal
8 DB1 Data bus signal
9 DB2 Data bus signal
10 DB3 Data bus signal
11 DB4 Data bus signal
12 DB5 Data bus signal
13 DB6 Data bus signal
14 DB7 Data bus signal
15 A +4.2 V for BKL
16 K Power supply for BKL (OV)

There are many commands to be used in the LCD display.

LCD Command Codes

Code (Hex) Command to LCD

1 Clear display screen
2 Return home
4 Decrement cursor (shift cursor to left)
6 Increment cursor (shift cursor to right)
5 Shift display right
7 Shift display left
8 Display off, cursor off
A Display off, cursor on
C Display on, cursor off
E Display on, cursor blinking
10 Shift cursor position to left
14 Shift cursor position to right
18 Shift the entire display to the left
1C Shift the entire display to right
80 Force cursor to beginning of 1st Line
C0 Force cursor to the beginning of 2nd Line
38 2 line and 5*7 matrix

In this interface board, the LCD data lines are connected to the port A of IC 8255.
RS pin is connected to Pin zero.
R/W pin is connected to Pin 1
E Pin is connected to PB2

The signals are to be given appropriately through the Microprocessor or Micro controller to write
information in the controller.

Once the commands and data are written in the LCD controller, there is no necessity to refresh the
display externally. The controller inside the LCD display will take care of this.

Matrix Hex Keyboard:

The keyboard is a 16 keys keyboard. It is constructed in 4*4 matrix. There are 4 rows and 4 column lines.
In the intersections of rows and columns, the keys are wired. The row lines are called scan lines and the
column lines are called return lines. The columns are read inside the processor or controller through
port. Normally, the columns are tied with 5V and hence they will be in level.
Then the row lines are given 0 level one by one. At that instant, any key is pressed in that row, 0 level is
transferred to the column line. It is read inside as key input. The row line and the column line nos
generate the key code.

In the application board, PC0- PC3 are used as row lines (input port) and PC4- PC7 are used as column
lines (output port).

IR LEDs

IR LED emits infrared light, means it emits light in the range of Infrared frequency. We cannot see
Infrared light through our eyes; they are invisible to human eyes. The wavelength of Infrared (700nm –
1mm) is just beyond the normal visible light. Everything which produces heat emits infrared like our
human body. Infrared LED the same properties as visible light, like it can be focused, reflected and
polarized like visible light.

Other than emitting invisible infrared light, IR LED looks like a normal LED and operates like a
normal LED, means it consumes 20mA current and 3vots power. IR LEDs have light emitting angle of
approx. 20-60 degree and range of approx. few centimeters to several feet’s, it depends upon the type of
IR transmitter and the manufacturer. Some transmitters have the range in kilometers.

DTMF ENCODER:
The UM91214 is a single-chip, silicon gate, CMOS integrated circuit with an on-chip oscillator for a
3.57MHz crystal or ceramic resonator. It provides dialing pulse (DP) or dual tone multi-frequency
(DTMF)dialing.
DTMF ENCODER CIRCUIT

FEATURES:
one touch red operation
tone/pulse switchable
32-digit capacity for redialing
automatic mixed redialing (last number redial) of pulse to DTMF with multiple
automatic.
PABX auto-pause is 2.2 second.
DTMF timing: manual dialing...Minimum duration for bursts and pauses the
time.
hands-free control function
wide operating voltage range:2V to 5.5V
key-in beep tone output
digits dialed manually after redialing are stored as additional digitals for the
next red.
uses inexpensive ceramic resonator(3.58MHz) two versions for different
telephones system.
 built-in power up reset circuit.
four extra function keys: flash, pause, redial and DP or DTMF mixed dialing.
four-by-four (or 2of 8) keyboard can be used.
low Stand by current.

The absolute maximum ratings of the UM91214 can be summarized as:

supply voltage (VDD)6.0V

input voltage (VIN):VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
output voltage (VOUT):VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
output voltage VOUT (DP XMIT MUTE)1.2V
tone output current (tone)50mA
power dissipation (PD)500mW
operating temperature (TOP)-20℃ to +70
Storage temperature (TSgt) -40℃ to +125℃.

DTMF DECODER/TONE SENSING CIRCUIT

The M-8870 is a full DTMF Receiver that integrates both band split filter and decoder functions
into a single 18-pin DIP or SOIC package. Manufactured using CMOS process technology, the M-8870
offers low power consumption (35 max) and precise data handling. Its filter section uses switched
capacitor technology for both the high and low group filters and for dial tone rejection. Its decoder uses
digital counting techniques to detect and decode all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code. External
component count is minimized by provision of an on-chip differential input amplifier, clock generator,
and latched tri-state interface bus. Minimal external components required include a low-cost 3.579545
MHz color burst crystal, a timing resistor, and a timing capacitor.
The M-8870-02 provides a “power-down” option which, when enabled, drops consumption to less than
0.5 The M-8870-02 can also inhibit the decoding of fourth column digits.

A microcontroller µC) is a computer system on a chip that does a job. and a small amount of RAM,
program memory and programmable input ports output ports peripherals, which are used to interact
with things connected to the chip A microcontroller is different than a microprocessor which only
contains a CPU (the kind used in a personal computer

The microcomputer is making great impact on every activity of the mankind and is playing and
expected to play very important role in the daily functioning of the developed and developing societies. In
the early years of powerful computers larger computers were designed to solve complex scientific and
industrial problems and handle records of large corporations and Govt. organizations. Only big
industries and institutions were able to purchase large computers. A trend started in the middle of 60s to
design smaller computers for smaller institutions. This situation gave the birth minicomputer in the late
60s which pave the way for smaller institutions, organizations, only office computers.

The microcomputer outcome of the trend towards smaller computers which started in the middle
of 60s with the rapid advancement in the semiconductor technology it became possible to fabricate the
whole CPU of a digital computer on a single chip using LSI and VLSI technology. The LSI technology
refers to packing as many as 1,000 to 10,000 transistors on a single chip. A CPU built into a single LSI or
VLSI chip is called a microprocessor. A digital computer having microprocessor as the CPU along with
memory and I/O devices is called microcomputer. The prefix micro refers to its physical size, but not its
computing powers. As far as its computing power is concerned, the latest 32-bit microcomputers are as
powerful as a traditional mainframe computer. Presently it is possible to construct a microcomputer
having most of the features of 3rd generation mainframe computers using just handful of ICs.

The number of bits that a digital computer can process in parallel at a time is called its word
length. It is a measure of the computing power of a computer. The microcomputers have word lengths
4-32 bits whereas large computers have 32-64 bits. 4-bit microprocessors are used for applications in
domestic appliances control, calculators, video games, toys etc. A calculator is not a computer as because
it is not a programmable device. The user does not prepare any program for his calculations. He
performs calculations using step by step method. As far as calculator’s internal systems is concerned, it
is a single chip microcomputer which contains 4-bit microprocessor as its CPU, semiconductor memory
and I/O devices. The manufacturers have stored permanent program in on-chip semiconductor memory
for making calculations. The data entered by the user are stored in the memory and spent by the
processor while making calculations. The manufacturers have not made any provision for users to enter
programs.

A single chip microcomputer is also called a microcontroller. A single chip microcomputer

contains all essential elements of a microcomputer on a single chip. It contains the CPU, ROM/EPROM,
RAM, I/O ports, timer, counters, decoder, interrupts, ADC etc. Previously microcomputers were
designed using number of chips, each one meant for different functions. A microcontroller is designed
for a dedicated application and hence it is called dedicated microcontroller.
 PIN DIAGRAM 89s52

PIN DESCRIPTION:
 The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-
system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile
memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout.
The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable
Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly
flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

PORT 0(Pin 32 to 39):

Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight
TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0
can also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external
program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes
during Flash programming and outputs the co de bytes during program verification. External pull-ups
are required during program verification.

PORT 1(Pin 1 to 8):

Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal
pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the internal pull up. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the
timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX),
respectively.

PORT 2(Pin 21 to 28):

Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal
pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.
Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and
during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this
application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s.

PORT 3(Pin 10 to 17):

 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can
sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal
pull-ups and can be used as inputs.
RST (Pin 9):
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the
device. Figure 5-19 shows the reset Circuit.
For Power-On Reset,
 Push the Push Button Switch and active High on RST,
 Release Push Button Switch,
 Capacitor discharges and
 RST is low.

ALE/PROG (Pin 30):

Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during
accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash
programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and
may be used for external timing or clocking purposes.

PSEN (Pin 29):

Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the
AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle,
except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.

EA/VPP (Pin 31):

EA stands for External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device
to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. EA should be
strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable
voltage (VPP) during Flash programming.

XTAL1 (Pin 19)

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2 (Pin 18):

This connects to the output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

VCC (Pin 40):

This pin is connected to +5 v Supply voltage.
GND (Pin 20):
This pin is connected to Ground.

Relay

An electromechanical or solid-state device operated by variations in the input which, in turn,

operate or control other devices connected to the output.
They are used in a wide variety of applications throughout industry, such as in telephone
exchanges, digital computers, motor and sequencing controls, and automation systems. Highly
sophisticated relays are utilized to protect electric power systems against trouble and power blackouts as
well as to regulate and control the generation and distribution of power.

Relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a
magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can have two
switch positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches. Relays allow one circuit to switch a
second circuit which can be completely separates from the first. For examples as a low voltage battery
circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the
relay between the two circuits, the link is magnetic and mechanical.

The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as
much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide a
transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC current to the larger value required for the relay coil.
The maximum output current for the popular 555 timer IC is 200mA so these devices can supply relay
coils directly without amplification.

Relays are usually (SPDT or DPDT) but they can have many more sets of switch contacts, for
example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available. For further information about
switch contacts and the terms used to describe them please see the page on switches

Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but you can solder wires directly to the pins providing you
take care to avoid melting the plastic case of the relay.

The supplier's catalogue should show you the relay's connections. The coil will be connected either way
round. Relay coils produce brief high voltage 'spikes' when they are switched off and this can destroy
transistors and ICs in the circuit. To prevent damage to you must connect a protection diode across the
relay coil.
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:

 COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.
 NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
 NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on.
 Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is on.
 Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is off.

ADVANTAGES OF RELAYS:

 Relays can switch AC transistors can only switch DC.

 Relays can switch higher voltages than standard transistors.
 Relays are often a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).
 Relays can switch many contacts at once.

SERVO MOTOR

A servomechanism or servo is an automatic device that uses error-sensing feedback to correct the
performance of a mechanism. The term correctly applies only to systems where the feedback or error-
correction signals help control mechanical position or other parameters. For example, an automotive
power window control is not a servomechanism, as there is no automatic feedback which controls
position the operator does this by observation. By contrast the car's control closed control loop which
classifies it as a servomechanism.

A servomechanism is unique from other control systems because it controls a parameter by

commanding the time-based derivative of that parameter. For examples a servomechanism controlling
position must be capable of changing the velocity of the system because the time-based derivative (rate
change) of position is velocity. A hydraulic actuator controlled by a spool valve and a position sensor is a
good example because the velocity of the actuator is proportional to the error signal of the position
sensor.

Servomechanism may or may not use a servomotor. For examples a household furnace controlled by
thermostat is a servomechanism, yet there is no motor being controlled directly by the servo mechanism
A common type of servo provides position control. Servos are commonly electrical or partially electronic
in nature, using an electric motor as the primary means of creating mechanical. of servos use magnetic
principles. Usually,
 Any difference between the actual and wanted values (an "error signal") is amplified and used to drive
the system in the direction necessary to reduce or eliminate the error. An entire science known as control
theory has been developed on this type of system.

Servo mechanisms were first used in military fire control and marine navigation equipment. Today
servomechanisms are used in automatic machine tools satellite-tracking antennas, automatic navigation
systems on boats and planes, and antiair craft-gun control systems. Other examples are fly by wire
systems in aircraft which use servos to actuate the aircraft's control surfaces, and tools which use RC
servos for the same purpose. Many autofocus cameras also use a servomechanism to accurately move the
lens, and thus adjust the focus.

Typical servos give a rotary (angular) output. Linear types are common as well, using a screw thread
or a linear motor to give linear motion device commonly referred to as a servo is used in automobiles to
amplify the steering or braking force applied by the driver. However, these devices are not true servos,
but rather mechanical amplifiers. (See also power steering servo.) In industrial machines, servos are used
to perform complex motion.

RC SERVOS
RC servos are hobbyist remote control devices servos typically employed they are used to provide
actuation for various mechanical systems such as the steering of a car, the flaps on a plane, or the rudder
of a boat. RC servos are composed of a DC motor mechanically linked to a potentiometer. (PWM) signals
sent to the servo are translated into position commands by electronics inside the servo. When the servo is
commanded to rotate, the DC motor is powered until the potentiometer reaches the value corresponding
to the commanded position. Due to their affordability, reliability, and simplicity of control by
microprocessors; RC servos are often used in small-scale robotics applications.

The servo is controlled by three wires: ground (usually black/orange), power (red) and control (brown /
other color). This wiring sequence is not true for all servos, for example the S03NXF Std. Servo is wired
as brown (negative), red (positive) and orange (signal). The servo will move based on the pulses sent over
the control wire, which set the angle of the actuator arm. The servo expects a pulse every 20 seconds
order to gain correct information about the angle. The width of the servo pulse dictates the range of the
servo's angular motion.

A servo pulse of 1.5 seconds set the servo to its "neutral" position, or 90°. For examples a servo pulse of
1.25 seconds could set the servo to 0° and a pulse of 1.75 seconds could set the servo to 180°. The physical
limits and timings of the servo hardware varies between brands and models, but a general servo's
angular motion will travel somewhere in the range of 180° - 210° and the neutral position is almost
always at 1.5 seconds. motors are usually powered from the more environmentally friendly packs
common to most RC devices. More recently these systems are powered by (LiPo) packs, this technology
affords weight savings and improved recharging characteristics (often referred to as recycling). Voltage
ratings vary from product to product, but most servos are operated at 4.8 V or 6 V from a 4 or 5 cell
battery.

CONVEYOR BELT

Today there are different types of conveyor belts that have been created for conveying different kinds of
material available in PVC and rubber materials.

The belt consists of one or more layers of material. Many belts in general material handling have two
layers. An under layer of material to provide linear strength and shape called a carcass and an over layer
called the cover. The carcass is often a woven fabric having a warp & weft. The most common carcass
materials are polyester, nylon and cotton. The cover is often various rubber or plastic compounds
specified by use of the belt. Covers can be made from more exotic materials for unusual applications such
as silicone for heat or gum rubber when traction is essential.

Conveyors are durable and reliable components used in automated and warehousing. In combination
with computer pallet handling equipment this allows for more efficient system that allows large volumes
to move rapidly through a process, allowing companies to ship or receive higher volumes with smaller
storage space and with less labor expense

LCD DISPLAY:
This interface, board consists of Matrix Hex 16 characters LCD text display and has got built in
controller. To display a character or numeral, the corresponding ASCII value is to be given as input. The
controller in turn converts the ASCII value into dot matrix format and displays it. The characters are
displayed in 5*7 matrix format. The LCD display works with 5V power supply. The contrast of the
display is adjusted through a variable resistance, which is connected across 5V power supply.
 2*16 lcd panel
Before writing the data, certain commands are to be sent to the controller like at what position the
character is to be displayed, the cursor is to be blinking or not. The LCD display has got 8 data inputs
namely DB0 to DB7 (Data Bus signals)
There is another pin namely RS (Register select signal). If a command is written, this pin is to be made
as 0 level, (RS =0, Command Register). If data is written, then this pin is to be made as 1 level (RS =1,
Data register) There is another pin namely E (Enable signal). The data or command is written into the
controller only by making the Enable signal high to low. LCD display contains internal buffer memory to
store the data. It is also possible to read the content of the memory. Normally, the command and data are
written in the LCD controller. At the time of writing inside the controller, in addition to giving proper
inputs to the control input pins RS and E, the R/W pin of the LCD display must be kept zero.
2.10 Interface pin connections

Pin No Symbol Function

1 Wire Ground

2 Ground +5V

3 V0 Contrast adjustment

4 RS Register select signal

5 R/W Read/Write signal

6 E Enable signal

7 DB0 Data bus signal

8 DB1 Data bus signal

9 DB2 Data bus signal

 10 DB3 Data bus signal

11 DB4 Data bus signal

12 DB5 Data bus signal

13 DB6 Data bus signal

14 DB7 Data bus signal

15 A +4.2 V for BKL

16 K Power supply for BKL (OV)

INTERFACE PIN DETAILS

There are many commands to be used in the LCD display. The following table gives 8 bits code for
selected commands.

LCD Command Codes

Code Command to LCD

(Hex)

1 Clear display screen

2 Return home

4 Decrement cursor (shift cursor to left)

6 Increment cursor (shift cursor to right)

5 Shift display right

7 Shift display left

8 Display off, cursor off

A Display off, cursor on

C Display on, cursor off

 E Display on, cursor blinking

10 Shift cursor position to left

14 Shift cursor position to right

18 Shift the entire display to the left

1C Shift the entire display to right

80 Force cursor to beginning of 1st Line

C0 Force cursor to the beginning of 2nd Line

38 2 line and 5*7 matrix

LCD COMMAND CODES

In this interface board, the LCD data lines are connected to the port A of IC 8255.
RS pin is connected to pin zero.
R/W pin is connected to Pin 2
E Pin is connected to PB2
The signals are to be given appropriately through the Microprocessor or Microcontroller to write
information Once the commands and data are written in the LCD controller, there is no necessity to
refresh the display externally. The controller inside the LCD display will take care of this.

MICRO CONTROLLER & LCD INTERFACING

The interconnections of microcontroller with the LCD are shown in the figure below.
 microcontroller & lcd interfacing circuit
In this diagram, the 89S52 microcontroller port pins are interfaced with the 16*2 LCD pins. a buffer IC
74HC573 is used for the temporary storage.

MICROCONTROLLER - 89s52
FEATURES:
 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory – Endurance: 10,000
Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
 Three-level Program Memory Lock.
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
  Eight Interrupt Sources
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
 Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
 Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
 Watchdog Timer
 Dual Data Pointer
 Power-off Flag
 Fast Programming Time
 Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)
 Green (Pb/Halide-free) Packaging Option

DESCRIPTION:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-
system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile
memory technology and is compatible with the standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip
Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile
memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a
monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly flexible and
cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following
standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers,
three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip
oscillator, and clock circuitry.
In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and
supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the
RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode
saves the RAM but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or
hardware reset.

RELAY DRIVING CIRCUIT

In the home, relays are used in refrigerators, automatic washers and dishwashers, and heat and air-
conditioning controls.
 Although relays are generally associated with electrical circuitry, there are many other types, such
as pneumatic and hydraulic. Input may be electrical and output directly mechanical, or vice-versa.
Relays using discrete solid-state components, operational amplifiers, or microprocessors can provide
more sophisticated designs. Their use is increasing, particularly in applications where the relay and
associated equipment are packaged together. This section is to energize the relay coil pins. There are two
coil pins in the relay. One of the positive is connected from the power supply section and the other coil
pin (ground supply pin) is connected in the transistor collector pin BC547.
The transistor base pins are connected resistance and in the input of the relay driving section. The
BC547 emitter pins are grounded. If the micro controller gives signal to the relay transistor will switch
ON. Immediately the relays will energize. If the micro controller could not give signal to the relay the
transistor will switch OFF.

Exiting Systems

• Huge power
• Consumer cannot buy all products due to illegal sales.
• More consumers but short duration open
• Cash transaction

Proposed system

• Electronically operate like BANK ATM concept

• 24 hours
• All users can collect within their convenient time and convenient day.
 • Avoid illegal sales.

IR TX AND RX CKT

The collector of the transistor T2 pin is connect with the micro controller input port pins.
If the transmitter signal receives the IR RX Led the transistor T1 and T2 is in OFF condition and micro
controller gets HIGH signal. When the IR receiver could to able to receives the IR TX signal the
transistor T1 and T@ is in ON condition and micro controller receives LOW signal from transistor T2
collector pin

Advantages:
 1. By using this project to avoid the illegal ration cards.
2. The ration employers cannot sale products in black market.
3. The customer will purchase the eligible product by using this project.

Disadvantages:

If the customer forget their password cannot able to purchase the ration product till the customer get the
new ration card.

Conclusion
This proposed method can provide a safe, secure and efficient way of public distribute system. By
using this technical concept unmanned ration supply system solves the problem of manual process in
public ration product distribution system. This new technology this research work will make a great
change in public distribution system and provides benefit to the government by sending the current
ARCHITECTURE OF 89S52