[Acid, Base and Salt]

Acid :-
1. Acid are sour in tase.
2. Turn blue litmess paper to red.
3. Acid dissolve in water to produce +ve iron.
Ex – vinegar, HCl, H2SO4
Chemical properties of Acid :-
Acid + metal carbonate salt + CO2 + H2O
HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Base :-
Acid + metal Hydrogen carbonate salt + CO2 + H2O
HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Acid + metallic oxide salt water
2HCl + CHO CaCl2 + H2O
Acid + metal salt + H2(g)
2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2(g)
 Uses of Acid :-
1. Citric acid Lemon, orange (C6H8O7)
2. Lactic acid sour mix (C3H6O3)
3. Butyric acid Rancid Butter (C4H8O2)
4. Tarteric acid Tamarind (C4H6O6)
5. Acetic acid Vinegar (CH3COOH)
6. Mallic acid Apple/grapes/chenies.
7. Tannic acid Tea (C76H52O46)
8. Stearic acid Fats (C18H36O2)
9. Oxalic acid Tomato, wood sorrel (C2H2O4)
10. Carbonic acid Soda water, aerated drink.
11. Boric acid It is used for eye wash. (H3BO3)
12. Formic acid Red ant (HCOOH)
13. Uric acid It is present of urine of mammal. (C5H4N4O3)
Indicator properties of an acid :-
Indicator Colour changes
(a) Blue litmess paper Turns red.
(b) Methyl orange From orange to Pink.
(c) Phenolphthalein Remain colourless.
-: Uses of Some Important Acid :-
HCl Hydrochloric Acid :-
1. It is used in digestion, and also viewed the bacteria from the stomack.
 2. This acid is used as a reagent in the laboratory.
3. It is used in the preparation of dye, colour, manufacturing of of Aquaregia. (HNO3 +
HCl) (1 : 3)
H2SO4 :- (i) It is known as king of Acid.
(ii) This acid is used in purolium exploration and also used in manufacturing of
various drugs, colour.
(iii) It is used is lead storage batteries.
HNO3 Nitric Acid :-
This acid is used in photography and also used in manufacturing of medicine,
drugs and fertilizer.
Acetic acid CH3COOH :-
 This acid is used as a solvent.
 It is used in the preparation of venegan.
 It is used as a preparation of acetone. (C3H6O)

-: Uses of Formic Acid :- [CHOOH]

 This acid is used as a manufacturing of insecticide.
 Used as a preservator of green fruit.
 Processing of Rubber in leather Industries.
Note :- It is found in Nettle leaf – that can be Neutralised by the Rubbing does plant
which often grow beside the Nettle’s plant.
-: Uses of Benzoic Acid :- [C6H5COOH]

This acid is used as a preservator & medicine and Food stuff.

-: Uses of Citric Acid :- [C6H8O7]
This acid is used as a washing metals in the processing of food stuff and drugs in cloth
induslnes etc. (C6H7O2)

Strength of Acid :- 1. Strong Acid, 2. Weal acid

1. Strong Acid :- Completely ionised in water. Ex- HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.
2. Weal acid :- Partially ionised in water.
Ex – CH3COOH – Ethanol Acid
HCOOH – Methanic Acid
H2CO3 – Carbonic Acid
Classification of Acid :- 1. Hydra Acid, 2. Oxy Acid
1. Hydra Acid :- This acid consist of hydrogen but in it oxygen is absent. Ex- NH3, H2S,
HCl, HBr, HF.
2. Oxy Acid :- Ex – HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HIO4
Basicing of an Acid :- The number of removable of hydrogen Iron to form an acid is
called basicing.
Mono Basic Acid One removable H+ ion.
Ex – HCl, HNO3.
Dibasic Acid Two removable H+ ion.
Ex – H2SO4, H2CO3, H3PO3 (Phosphorous acid)
Tribasic Acid Three removable H+ ion H3PO4 (Phosphoric acid)
-: Acidic Strength :-
(i) HF<HCl<HBr<HI
(ii) CH3COOH<H2SO4<HNO3<HCl
“The value of some common liquid”
PH value
Lemon Juice 2.5
Wine 2.8
Apple Juice 3.8
Venegar 3
Urine 4.5 to 8.00 (Human 6.00)
Human Blood 7.4
Tooth paste 9.0
Ocean water 7.5 to 8.4
Milk of Magnesia 10.5
Acid Rain 5.5
Saliva 6.5
Human Tear 6.5
-: Importance of Ph value in our Daily Life :-
1. All plants and animal survive with in a specific Range of PH value.
2. Human bodies were with in the PH value range of 7.0 to 7.8 .
3. The ph value of mouth is less than 5.5, then tooth decay starts.
4. Bee sting or out bite releases an acid (ethanoic acid) in to skin which acuses pain or
Irritation.
5. The Banana leaf are basic in nature so it avoids east for motion that’s why milk man
usually kept banana leaves in the container.
 Glutomic Acid :- Glutomic acid is an amino acid.
[C5H9NO4]

It is found in animal & plant protein acid used to form protein. This is a chemical that
helps new cells in the brain send and receive information from other cells. It may be
twelve in improving memory. Boost the immune system detox body.
Concept of Base :-
 Base is a substance which is better in taste.
 Turn red litmes paper turn into blue.
 It gives OH- hydroxyl Ion in Aqueous solution.
 Oxides and Hydroxide of metals are bases.
 Water soluble base are called alkali. Eg – NaOH, KOH etc.
-: Indicator Properties :-
Indicator Colour
Methyl orange (yellow)
Phenol Pthalin (pink)
Strength of bases :- Strong bases, Wear bases
Strong bases :- NaOH, KOH
Wear bases :- NH4OH, Fe(OH)3
Acidity of a base :- The removable of OH- Ion from a base is called acidity of a base.
Acidity of NaOH 1 Acidity of KOH 1
Acidity of Ca(OH)2 2
Neutralisation reaction :- Acid and bases react with each other to produce salt and
water.
Acid + Base Salt + H2O
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Salt :- Salt is obtained when hydrogen of acids is replaced by the metal.
Ex – NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, CaCO3.
Neutral Salt :- Strong acid + Strong base Neutral Salt
Acidic Salt :- Strong acid + Wear base Acidic Salt
Basic Salt :- Strong base + Wear acid Basic Salt
(Uses of bases/Alkali)
Uses of NaOH :-
 Manufacturing of soap.
 Purification of petrolium.
 Production of cloth paper.
 Manufacturing of drugs, cleaning of houses.
Uses of KOH :-
 It is used as a reagent in the laboratory.
 It is used in the production of soft soap.
 It is used as a observer of gases like CO2 and SO2 etc.
Uses of Mg(OH)2 :-
 It is used in removing of acidity from human body.
 It is used in the form of antidote.
 It is used in sugar industries.
Bleaching powder :- CaOCl2
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
 Used for bleaching cotton and liner in textile industry.
 Used as oxidising agent in chemical industries.
 Disinfectant of drinking water.
Baking Soda (NaHCO3) :-
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 NH4Cl + NaHCO3.
 It is mild non corrosive basic salt.
 Used as a soda acid fire extingnisher.
 It is used for making baking powder.
 Used for cake baking, Fast cooking and also used for cooking crispy fritters.
Washing Soda :- Na2CO3.10H2O
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2.
Na2CO3 + H2O Na2CO3 . 10H2O.
 Used in making glass, soap and paper.
 Used in manufacturing sodium compound like borax – Na2B4O7.
 Used as a cleaning agent in domestic purpose.
 Used as remove permanent hardness of water.
Water of crystalisation :- It is a fix no of water molecules present in formula unit of
salt.
CuSO4.5H2O Copper Sulfate.
Na2CO3.10H2O Washing Soda.
CaSO4.2H2O Hypsum.
FeSO4.7H2O Green vilrol.
ZnSO4.7H2O White vilrol.
COSO4.7H2O Red vilrol.
Oil of vilrol spirit of vilrol H2SO4.
Sweet oil g Di ethyl ether
CH3 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3.

Plaster of Paris :- CaSO4 . H2O.

Calcium sulphate Hemihydrate :- CaSO4 . 2H2O CaSO4 . H2O + 1 H2O

 Plastering of fractured bone.

 Used in making toys, decoration, material rough surface to smooth.
Important fact about :-
1. NaNO3 chile salt peter.
2. ZnS Zinc Blende.
3. FeCO3 Side rite.
4. CO + H2 water gas welding work.
5. CO + N2 producer gas cheap fuel.
6. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O Alum purification of water, Leather Industry.
K2CO3 Plant ash.
7. Liquid Hydrogen Rocket fuel.
8. CHO purification of petroleum.
9. KMnO4 Red medicine.
10. Dry CO2 Dry ice.
11. Spirit CH3OH methyl alcohol.
12. Grape extracts C6H12O6 Glucose.
13. Chalk CaCO3.
14. Red vermillion Pb3O4 Lead Paraoxide.
15. N2O Nitrous Oxide Laughing gas.
16. C6H10O5 Starch.
Colour of Flame :-
3Li Red
11Na Golden, Yellow
19K Violet
37Rb Red
55Cs Blue
20Ca Brick Red
38Sr Blood red
56Ba Apple green