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Past Papers - Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
Past Papers - Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
PAPER I
(3 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following SIX questions.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
1. While investigating a seven year old hunter gelding because of reported lethargy and
poor exercise performance, you find very pale mucous membranes. DISCUSS your
investigation of this case.
2. An inexperienced horse owner, who hopes to breed from her ten year old Arab mare,
has sought your advice on pre-breeding examinations. DISCUSS the course of action
that you would advise.
3. You are presented with a one-day old foal that is semi-conscious and recumbent.
DISCUSS the possible reasons for this presentation along with the emergency and
supportive therapy that you would initiate while performing further investigations.
6. DISCUSS the different techniques of colt castration and critically assess the possible
advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Within your answers describe and
illustrate (in pen or ink) the relevant anatomy.
******
The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
PAPER Il
(1½ hours)
Write SHORT notes (you may use clear diagrams where applicable) to answer the
following questions.
1. BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THREE types of large colon displacement that can cause
clinical disease.
2. LIST SIX clinical signs that can occur with guttural pouch mycosis.
3. BRIEFLY OUTLINE FIVE treatments that have been utilised in the attempted
treatment of idiopathic headshaking.
4. Using diagrams, illustrate (in pen or ink) the ultrasonographic anatomy of the
palmar pastern.
8. OUTLINE the grounds under which euthanasia of a horse may be carried out in
order to satisfy the terms of “humane destruction cover” in an insurance policy.
10. Under what circumstances may a “Life Certificate” be issued to a horse or pony
under the rules of the Joint Measurement Board?
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ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER I
(3 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following SIX questions.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.
noise. Describe your subsequent investigation, and discuss how the possible causes
of the noise may affect your client’s decision to proceed with the purchase.
2. A client requests you to examine a six-year-old gelding with diarrhoea of two days
duration. Describe in detail how you would investigate and treat such a case.
3. Write an essay on septic arthritis in adult horses. Within your answer describe
your own approach to such cases.
4. You are called to see a broodmare early one morning. The mare has foaled during
the night and is now showing signs of colic. Describe how you would investigate
such a case, the possible aetiologies and their respective treatments.
5. Detail how you monitor general anaesthesia in the horse. Describe the various
emergency situations that can occur during routine equine anaesthesia as well as in
the immediate post-operative period. Describe how you would deal with each
complication.
6. Describe the treatment and management options for a case of insect-bite dermal
hypersensitivity (“sweet itch”) in a pony.
******
PAPER Il
(1½ hours)
Write SHORT notes (you may use clear diagrams where applicable) to answer the
following questions.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may
result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which
candidates intended to convey.
1. Describe in note form the radiographic examination of a horse with caudal foot
pain. (Using diagrams if required).
2. Define the various levels of the cascade system (which arose from The Medicines
Regulations 1994). When is it legal for a veterinary surgeon to treat a horse with a
product not carrying a UK licence for use in horses?
4. List the times of eruption of all the temporary and permanent equine teeth.
5. Outline, together with your reasons, your approach to the timing of ultra-sound
scanning of mares for pregnancy. Briefly outline, how you would manage a twin
pregnancy at day 17 of conception.
8. Write short notes on the various drugs available for gastric ulcer therapy.
9. Briefly outline how you would investigate a horse with polydipsia. List the
differential diagnoses.
10. What are the precise external anatomical landmarks for:
a) Liver biopsy?
b) Lumbo-sacral puncture?
c) Bone marrow aspiration?
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ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER I
(3 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following SIX questions.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.
5. You are presented with a horse which has just sustained a long, deep and
oblique laceration on the front of the hock. Describe in detail your approach
to managing such an injury and describe the potential complications that
could occur.
_______________
PAPER II
(1½ hours)
Write SHORT notes (you may use clear diagrams where applicable) to answer the
following questions.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.
6. Describe with the aid of diagrams the sites for trephination of:
7. What are the current recommendations for swabbing horses after an outbreak
of strangles? What measures would you employ to control the spread of
infection?
For each shoe describe its use and the criteria for fitting it.
10. What are the clinical signs of choke? Under what circumstances can it occur
and what treatments are available for this condition?
____________________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. List FIVE differential diagnoses of excessive lacrimation in the horse and outline
how you would investigate it.
3. List SIX causes of abortion in mares in the United Kingdom. Indicate the advice
you would give owners to minimise the risk of foetal loss.
4. Describe the possible clinical presentations of equine grass sickness and list the
pathological features?
5. List FOUR causes of epistaxis. How would you investigate such a case?
_______________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions.
Allow 24 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. A 12 year old Throughbred gelding used for hacking is presented with progressive
weight loss over a three month period. Describe your diagnostic approach to this
horse making reference to any likely differentials for this condition.
4. Taking into consideration recent research into the pathogenesis of laminitis, how
would you manage an uncomplicated case of this condition? What additional
diagnostic proceedures would you undertake in the elderly laminitic?
6. Describe the process of repair of a superficial flexor tendon ‘core’ lesion. Detail
your diagnostic protocol and management of this condition.
________________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. List FIVE causes of tarso-crural effusion and briefly describe how you would
differentiate between them.
4. You are performing a rectal examination on a horse with colic. Your rectal glove
has signs of fresh blood on it on withdrawal. What has probably happened and
how would you deal with it?
6. Describe the various levels of the cascade system and how a product that is
unlicensed in the United Kingdom may be obtained and legally used.
a. Chondroitin +Glucosamine
b. Devils claw
c. Aloe vera.
9. For the following drugs, classify their type and give ONE example of use for each:
a. Metaclopramide
b. Dobutamine
c. Pergolide
d. Atropine
e. Cimetadine
10. With the aid of diagrams describe the life cycles of:
a. Parascaris equorum
b. Strongyloides westeri
c. Strongylus vulgaris
_______________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions.
Allow 24 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. Describe your approach to the investigation of a horse with suspected back pain,
including the clinical evaluation and any diagnostic procedures that you may
consider appropriate.
3. How would you investigate a horse with a chronic unilateral nasal discharge? List
your differential diagnoses.
4. Two yearling colts have become recumbent on a large stud in April. Discuss your
diagnostic approach to this situation and describe the therapeutic and managerial
practices that you would implement.
5. You are presented with a horse, from which the owner has just pulled a 10 cm
long nail from the palmar third of the frog. The nail has blood along its whole
length. Discuss your investigation of this case and describe the possible treatment
options and complications that may occur.
_______________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
___________________________________________________________________________
a. A uterine prolapse?
b. Mastitis?
2. Write short notes on cauda equine neuritis. List your differential diagnoses.
a. A tibial and fibular (peroneal) nerve block. How would you test the
efficacy of the block?
a. chilled semen
b. frozen semen.
7. Briefly outline your approach to a chronic foot abscess; list your differential
diagnoses.
9. How would you identify carriers of the strangles bacteria, Streptococcus equi?
10. What is vasculitis? List ONE infectious cause and ONE non-infectious cause.
_______________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER II
(2 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions.
Allow 24 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. What does a positive palmar digital nerve block mean? How or what would you
do, to further isolate the source of the foot pain? Draw the nervous innervation
of the foot.
4. Discuss the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of fractures of the
second and fourth metacarpal / metatarsal bones.
5. Discuss your approach to a case of diarrhoea in an adult horse. How would you
approach a case of chronic diarrhoea in a geriatric pony?
6. What are the clinical signs of grass sickness? Discuss the recent developments
in grass sickness research and outline the prospects for the development of an
effective vaccination.
____________________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER I
(2 hours)
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Outline in bullet point form the rules for obtaining a FULL height certificate
under the JMB scheme; how does this differ from FEI rules?
(a) Hyperkalaemia.
(b) Hypoalbuminaemia.
(c) Hypercalcaemia.
(a) A pony suffering from acute laminitis, current weight 350kg, ideal
weight 300 kg.
10. Your swab taken from a draining submandibular abscess has returned a pure
growth of Streptococcus equi.
(b) List in note form control measures that you would recommend to a
small (5 horse) livery yard.
_______________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER II
(2 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions.
Allow 24 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. Describe the suspensory apparatus of the horse, then discuss in detail TWO
common conditions causing lameness in the horse when this apparatus fails.
2. You are called out to a large stud which has an outbreak of diarrhoea in a
number of its foals. List your differential diagnosis. Describe how you would
come to a definitive diagnosis. How would you manage such an outbreak and
what would be your treatment regime?
3. You are asked to attend a potential welfare case by your local Royal Society for
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Officer. Describe how you would
approach such a case and the possible pitfalls.
4. A six year-old hunter has a facial swelling over 207. Radiographs confirm the
clinical suspicion of an apical root abscess. Briefly describe what the
radiographic findings were likely to have been and discuss in detail the possible
management of such a case.
6. Discuss your approach to a case of suspected liver disease. List the diagnostic
tests and biochemical parameters that you would use to thoroughly investigate
the problem.
____________________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER I
(2 hours)
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
___________________________________________________________________________
1. You are presented with an ataxic horse. List your differential diagnoses. Briefly
describe which techniques you would use to come to a definitive diagnosis.
3. For each of the following give TWO typical clinical features and your treatment
of choice in the horse:
5. List the clinical signs and possible causes of Horner’s syndrome in the horse.
6. Briefly describe the ophthalmic appearance of the following in the horse’s eye
and comment on their significance:
a. Hyaloid remnants.
b. Ruptured corpora nigra / granulae iridica.
c. Detached retina.
d. Peripapillary chorioretinitis.
7. a. Briefly describe how rectal tears are classified and give an indication of
prognosis for each classification.
b. When you remove your hand from a horse's rectum after performing a
pregnancy scan, you notice blood staining on your glove. In bullet point
format, describe how you would manage this situation.
8. Write short notes on why dorsal displacement of the soft palate occurs. List SIX
possible treatments for this condition.
9. Briefly, in tabular form, compare the use of total intravenous general anaesthesia
in the horse with a standard inhalation agent based technique.
10. Explain the modified TRIADAN system for the identification of both permanent
and temporary equine teeth.
_______________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER II
(2 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions.
Allow 24 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. Discuss the likely complications that can develop in a horse that has been
maintained under general anaesthesia in lateral recumbency for a two-hour
duration orthopaedic operation. Describe how you might minimise the
occurrence of such complications.
4. You are called to a yard to attend to a 10-year old hunter gelding who is 2/10
lame on a foreleg. Careful clinical examination reveals no obvious cause for the
lameness. You perform a palmar digital nerve block, which abolishes the
lameness (the horse goes sound) and you admit it to your clinic for further
investigation. List the possible differential diagnoses. Describe the local
anaesthetic techniques and diagnostic imaging modalites which would help you
characterize the cause of the lameness.
5. You are presented with a case of dystocia in a large full term thoroughbred
mare. Only two (front) feet are palpable in the vagina. Discuss what possible
problems might be present and describe in detail how you would manage this
case.
PAPER I
(2 hours)
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
___________________________________________________________________________
1. List the changes that are seen in the equine eye in:-
2. List the clinical signs, and ultrasound findings that might indicate that a mare has
a granulosa cell tumour.
Briefly indicate your preferred treatment giving reasons and likely prognosis
both for breeding and long term survival.
5. In relation to farriery what are EACH of the following – briefly describe how
each can be corrected.
a) Over reaching.
b) Speedy cutting.
c) A shoe boil.
d) A sheared heel.
7. LIST FIVE developmental abnormalities of the incisors of the horse. State the
dental procedures which might help each condition in a 5 year-old Warmblood.
a. Vegetable oil.
b. L-Tryptophane.
c. Salt.
d. Vitamin E / selenium supplements.
e. Biotin.
f. Linseed oil.
g. Garlic.
h. Magnesium sulphate.
i. Magnesium supplements.
j. Sodium bicarbonate.
9. A horse has suffered from a recurrent abscess in the medial heel of the left fore
on four occasions in the last six months.
LIST the possible reasons for this and for each reason give a BRIEF description of
its management.
10. Briefly discuss in relation to the prescribing cascade the use of the following
drugs in Equine Practice.
_______________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER II
(2 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions.
Allow 24 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. Two mares have aborted about 12 weeks before their due dates on a large stud.
Discuss how you would manage this situation; include a differential diagnosis in
your answer.
2. You are asked to advise a race horse trainer on treatment for a two year-old
Thoroughbred filly with a well defined ‘core lesion’ in the superficial flexor
tendon of the left fore. The trainer has heard about ‘stem cell’ therapy.
Describe the how this treatment is performed giving the scientific rationale for
its use.
3. You are asked to examine a five year old cob gelding due to loss of weight and
condition. Discuss your approach to this case including a differential diagnosis.
5. You are presented with a two year-old pony on a large livery yard. It has a rectal
temperature of 105F (40.5 C), anorexia, a mild bilateral purulent nasal
discharge, and a soft cough. What condition do you suspect as your primary
differential? What possible sequelae may occur? Discuss this disease and any
appropriate treatment / control / preventative measures that you would advise.
6. An eleven year-old Grand prix dressage horse sustains a wound over the point of
the hock during transport to the world dressage championships, it is 10/10ths
lame; discuss your approach to this problem, including a differential diagnosis
and an outline of your prospective treatment plans.
___________________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER I
(2 hours)
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. List FIVE uses for oxytocin in stud practice. Name a synthetic analogue of
oxytocin and the main pharmacokinetic feature which is advantageous.
a. a polo club where the manager plays his own ponies but also uses them
for giving instruction to paying customers
b. Beach donkeys
a. Nephro-splenic entrapment.
b. Peritonitis.
c. Sub-acute grass sickness.
d. Uroperitoneum.
e. Strangulated small intestine.
8. Briefly describe the ocular manifestations seen with the following diseases:
a. Leptospirosis.
b. Equine Herpes Virus (Serotype 1).
c. Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lymes Disease).
d. Equine Viral Arteritis.
e. Salmonella.
List FIVE commonly used intra-articular medications used to treat non septic
fetlock inflammation.
_________________
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
PAPER II
(2 hours)
Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions.
Allow 24 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to
convey.
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. You are asked by a colleague to attend a yard to obtain radiographs of the front
feet of a laminitic pony.
2. You are called to a foaling. The live foal is in anterior presentation and dorsal
position but has a leg back. The owner has attempted to pull it out with the help
of a local farmer but without success.
Outline your approach to this obstetrical problem. (DO NOT COMMENT on the
neonatal care of the foal).
Describe other signs you may expect with heat stress and exhaustion and
measures you may undertake.
4. Outline the causes and treatment options for cheek teeth diastemata.
6. Describe TWO different regimes for general anaesthetic induction and TWO
different regimes for anaesthetic maintenance for a 2 week-old Thoroughbred
foal undergoing a short, emergency surgical procedure.
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