作业一：

阅读下文回答什么是谓语，什么是非谓语动词。 熟记非谓语动词的判断方法。

谓语
谓语是一个句子的灵魂，是最重要的成分。
stand up. sit down. come on. 这类句子叫祈使句。它们没有主语、宾语，只有谓语
动词，仍然可以被称之为句子。但如果一句话中没有谓语动词，那一定是错的。
所谓擒贼先擒王，掌握谓语动词对我们翻译句子，理解句子含义尤其是长难句，
有着关键的作用。

这就引出了一个问题：如何判断一个动词是否是谓语动词呢？
实际上，在英语句子中，谓语动词变化丰富，尤其在时态和语态上，这就导致
在实操当中，很难用清晰的规则来判断。
所以我们不妨试试真经派的逆向思维：“排除法”

“排除法”是指：只要一句话里的动词满足下面这 3 种情况中任意一种，那这个动词
就不是谓语，否则就是谓语：
1 动词前面有个 to to take 这里 take 前有 to 所以它不是谓语
2 动词加了 ing 且前边没有 be 动词 students studying at home 中 studying 不
是谓语
3 动词 ed 形式，翻译成被动且前边没有 be 动词 animals are killed by people 中
killed 不是谓语。 要格外注意的是：动词的被动有“谓语和非谓语”两种形式。
谓语动词形式中必须出现 be，相反非谓语动词形式必须省略 be

对比:
谓语
History is written by winners.
These products are made in China.
The thief is caught by the police.
非谓语
history written by winner 不是句子
products made in China are good.
The thief caught by the police
请大家运用以上规则，找出下列句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词
1. The Chinese government wants to find new ways to tackle this problem.
2. Seeing something in person allows us to notice details.
3. History written by winners contains bias.
4. Unemployment has caused many people to move to other countries in search of
better careers.
5. We are wearing the same clothes made by him.
6. A lot of students don't want to study maths in college.
7. Robots are tailored to meet different needs.
8. I must find the ring given by my grandmother.

解析：
1

动词： want, find, tackle

用排除法 want 是谓语动词
to find 满足“排除法”中的第 1 种情况，不是谓语
to tackle 同上不是谓语

动词： seeing , allow, notice

seeing 满足“排除法”中的第 2 种情况，不是谓语
allow 是谓语动词
to notice 不是谓语

动词： written, contains

written 满足“排除法”中的第 3 种情况，不是谓语
contains 是谓语动词

在英文中有一类词，本身没有实际的“词汇意义”，只是帮助动词共同构成谓语。这
类词叫助动词 如 I do not know. 中 do 没有词汇意义帮助 know 构成谓语是个助动词。

例句中动词有： has, cause, move

has 没有词汇意义和 caused 共同构成谓语 , 也就是说 has caused 算一个谓语， 其中
has 是助动词
move 前有 to 不是谓语
5
动词： are, wearing, made
are 没有词汇意义和 wearing 共同构成谓语 其中 are wearing 算一个谓语 are 是助动词
made 满足“排除法”中的第 3 种情况，不是谓语

6.
don’t want 中 do 没有词汇意义是助动词， don’t want 算一个谓语
to study 非谓语动词

7.

are tailored 中 are 没有词汇意义是助动词， are tailored 算一个谓语

to meet 非谓语动词

8.

must find 中 must 是情态动词，传递说话者的主观看法和语气， must find 算一个谓语

given 非谓语动词
常见的情态动词有： can, may, must, will, could, would, should, might, shall, 等
这类词有词汇意义，但用法和助动词很像，也叫半助动词

小结：
英语中常见的助动词主要有三种 have, do, be 动词
它们没有词汇意义，协助动词构成一种时态或者被动语态或构成对句子的否定。

She has sent them to stay with their cousins. has 助动词 构成完成时态
We are wearing the same clothes made by him. are 助动词 构成正在进行时
History is written by winners. is 助动词 构成被动语态
I don’t know his name. do 助动词 构成否定

常见的情态动词有： can, may, must, will, could, would, should, might, shall, 等
这类词有词汇意义，但用法和助动词很像，也叫半助动词
My daughter can sing English song.
We must stay at home.
You should wear a mask.
The government could not stop the virus from spreading.
阅读下文回答什么是手指窝理论。

连词和谓语动词的个数关系
关于连词和谓语的个数关系的规则极其重要，是语法小白们最需要掌握的理论之一。把
这个理论搞清楚，语法实力会迅速提升一大截。

手指窝理论
绝大多数情况下，如果一个句子中有 N 个谓语时，那需要恰好出现 N-1 个连词去连接
这 N 个谓语。 这里可以做个类比，谓语好比人的手指， 连词好比手指窝。 两个手指之
间必然有一个手指窝，依次类推，三个手指之间必然有两个手指窝……

先来看看这几个句子为什么是正确的
1. People in brand name clothes will be happier and have a higher level of confidence.
2. The sports event is a great success and gives a good impression, but it wastes money.
3. Tom and Jerry are in the same class, they are good friends.

解析：
1. People in brand name clothes will be happier and have a higher level of confidence. 正确
两个谓语动词 will be 和 have
根据理论，那就需要恰好出现 1 个 连词，也就是 and 去连接这两个谓语动词。

2. The sports event is a great success and gives a good impression, but it wastes money. 正
确
三个谓语动词： is, gives, wastes
2 个连词： and ,but

3. Tom and Jerry are in the same class, and they are good friends.
两个谓语动词：are, are
应该有一个连词连接这两个谓语动词，但实际没有

再来看看这几个句子为什么是错的

1 There is a gradual increase can be found in the number of train users.

2 Raise the petrol price will influence the cost of transportation.
3 Firstly, negative impact on society especially the youngsters.
4 In society today, an increasing number of women who enter the job market.
5 If they cannot find a decent job in their hometowns, which will cause them to move to
major cities in search of better careers.
6 If people are fearful of the possible punishment, they will comply with the law, crime rates
will fall down.
7 Children will take in a large amount of sugar and fat by eating junk food excessively, they
will become obese.

解析
1 这个句子里有两个谓语动词 is 和 can be found 该出现一个连词连接.
其中的一种改法是： 去掉 there is

2 该句有两个谓语 raise, will influence 没有连词。 可以把 raise 改成非谓语动词 raising，充当

这句话的主语

3 该句有重大问题。 一个句子里必须要有至少一个谓语动词。 该句没有。

改成： Firstly, It can cause negative impact on society especially the youngsters.

4 这个句子有一个连词 who ，应该有两个谓语动词，但只有一个谓语 enter，

建议删掉连词 who

5 该句有 2 个连词 if 和 which, 那就应该恰好有 3 谓语动词， 可实际该句只有 2 个

cannot find, will cause;

6 该句有 3 个谓语动词，只有一个连词 if， 可以在第二个逗号后加个 and

7 逗号不可以连接两个句子。把该句中的逗号改成句号，或在逗号的后加个连词 and

同时要重点强调的是：逗号不可以用来连接句子。
重要的事情说五遍。逗号不可以用来连接句子。逗号不可以用来连接句子。逗号不可以
用来连接句子。逗号不可以用来连接句子。逗号不可以用来连接句子。逗号不可以用来
连接句子。
再来做个练习判断下列 6 个句子哪个是正确的，哪个是错误的 （提示：which 是个连
接句子的连词）

1 History written by winners.

2 History written by winners containing bias.

3 History which is written by winners containing bias.

4 History which written by winners contains bias.

5 History written by winners contains bias.

6 History which is written by winners contains bias.

练习 1 答案：

1 History written by winners.

written 是非谓语， 该句没有谓语，是错的

2 History written by winners containing bias.

written 和 containing 都是非谓语，该句没有谓语，是错的

3 History which is written by winners containing bias.

该句有一个连接句子的连词 which， 需要出现两个谓语动词 但只有一个 （is written）
该句是错的

4 History which written by winners contains bias.

该句有一个连接句子的连词 which， 需要出现两个谓语动词 但只有一个 （contains）
该句是错的

5 History written by winners contains bias.

该句有一个谓语动词 contains 是个正确的简单句。

6 History which is written by winners contains bias.

该句有一个连接句子的连词 which， 出现了两个谓语动词（is written; contains） 该句
是对的