Cite five (5) positive contributions of American Colonization to Philippine progress, especially

those that have had a lasting effect. In 2-5 sentences, explain or justify your choices.
 The growth of education and culture in the Philippines during the American Period served as a
catalyst for literary creativity. The first is the implementation of free public instruction for all
children of school age, and the second is the adoption of English as the primary language of
instruction in public schools at all levels.
 Following the defeat of the vast majority of Filipino citizens, the colonial US objective was
reinforced and the colonial governmental approach was expanded. As a result, the Catholic church
and the state were divided by American authority. English was made the official language, the
educational system was overhauled, projects to build ports, railroads, and roads were started, and
war-damaged towns were rebuilt. Notably, as part of this "national development" process, Western
architectural and urban planning styles were implemented.
 Filipinos were thought to lack moral character and reliability. The Americans saw the Philippines as
a country in dire need of "improvement," and a plan was developed to distance Filipinos from their
history and portray the Philippines as a "uncivilised" place by establishing a new culture,
environment, and identity. It was also observed that they had no sense of nationhood and instead
had an identity derived from the diverse assemblage of various ethnic groups to which individuals
had loyalty.
 Understanding the Philippine Commission, a modestly sized governmental body established in
January 1899 by President McKinley to impose American rule throughout the Philippine
archipelago, is crucial to understanding how America sought to improve the Philippines. The
commission understood how crucial towns and cities would be in bringing "American" civilization to
the area. The commissioners gave an example of the importance of urban areas to the governance
process.
 America worked to design new environments for people to live and work in addition to developing
a new political system for the Philippines. Environmental improvement was important in some
ways. Urban renewal was urgently required in Manila, the country's capital, because so many
neighbourhoods and buildings had been destroyed by the war. Hygiene and health needed to be
improved right away. For instance, a cholera epidemic in 1902 is thought to have killed 200,000
people nationwide. Building healthier environments was necessary.

CIte five (5) events, programs or policies of the Americans during their colonization of the
Philippines which had adverse or negative effects on the Philippines, especially those that
have had long-term effects. In 2-5 sentences, explain or justify your choices.
 The Philippines was taken over using the same propaganda. Generations of Filipinos internalised
this concept as a result of the expansion of a public education system that is managed by
Americans. Not all of it was propaganda, however; the US did set a deadline for Philippine
independence. However, during its tenure as the Philippines' steward.

 Loss of Independence: When the United States engaged in the Spanish-American War in 1898, the
Philippines were fighting for freedom from Spanish colonial control. Despite having pledged to
grant the Philippines independence, the U.S. ultimately kept its hold on the nation until 1946. The
 Philippines were deprived of the chance to govern itself and choose its own future throughout this
protracted era of colonisation.

 Economic exploitation: The American colonisers put into effect regulations solely for their personal
financial gain. They established a system of extensive commercial agriculture, which resulted in the
eviction of indigenous people and small farmers from their lands. Key sectors including mining,
logging, and oil were taken over by American corporations, who extracted resources for their
personal gain rather than promoting sustainable development in the Philippines.

 Cultural Slavery: The American colonisers subjugated the Filipino populace by imposing their
language, educational system, and cultural standards while destroying local languages and customs.
The use of English as the primary language of teaching led to a linguistic split and restricted
educational opportunities for people who did not speak the language well. The country's distinct
identity was destroyed by this cultural homogenization, and the Filipino people continued to feel
inferior.

 Resistance Movements Violently Suppressed: During the United States' colonisation of the
Philippines, there were several uprisings and resistance movements. The American soldiers used
violent methods to put down these uprisings, costing thousands of Filipino lives in the process. The
Philippine-American War (1899–1902) is the most egregious example, in which both sides engaged
in significant brutality and crimes.