Professional Documents
Culture Documents
To Study The Variations of Current Flowing in A Circuit Contaiang LDR 1 9
To Study The Variations of Current Flowing in A Circuit Contaiang LDR 1 9
1
RAIPUR
SESSION: 2019-20
I express my gratitude towards my guide Ms. B.R. Gajpal for his extended
guidance and support for completion of this project work.
I would give my special thanks to Mr. B.S. Ahire Principal of Kendriya vidyalaya
No.1, Raipur for his great support by motivating and encouraging in every
endeavor of ours.
A special thank to CBSE for the scheme of project introduction to make students
discover their inbuilt abilities.
Last but not least I would like to thank my Parents for their love and support.
Signature: -
Date: -
This is to certify that the project report entitled “To study the variations in current
flowing in a circuit containing a LDR” submitted by DAMINI KAUSHIK of
class XII (Bio). This project is considered as a part of practical exam of AISSCE
2018 Physics conducted by Central Board of Secondary Education, is a bonafide
record of project work carried out under our guidance and supervision at Kendriya
vidyalaya No. 1, Raipur
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE
THEORY
MATERIAL REQUIRED
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
Abstract:-
The general purpose photoconductive cell is also known as LDR – light dependent resistor. It is a
type of semiconductor and its conductivity changes with proportional change in the intensity of
light. There are two common types of materials used to manufacture the photoconductive cells.
They are Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) and Cadmium Selenide (CdSe). Extrinsic devices have
impurities added, which have a ground state energy closer to the conduction band - since the
electrons don't have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e. longer wavelengths and lower
frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. Two of its earliest applications were as part of
smoke and fire detection systems and camera light meters. The structure is covered with glass
sheet to protect it from moisture and dust and allows only light to fall on it.
Objective:-
To study the variations, in current flowing in a circuit containing a LDR, because of a variation:-
(a) In the power of the incandescent lamp, used to ‘illuminate’ the LDR. (Keeping all the lamps
at a fixed distance).
(b) In the distance of a incandescent lamp, (of fixed power), used to ‘illuminate’ the LDR.
Theory:-
1.) LDR and its characteristics
when light is incident on it, a photon is absorbed and thereby it excites an electron from
valence band into conduction band. Due to such new electrons coming up in conduction
band area, the electrical resistance of the device decreases. Thus the LDR or photo-
conductive transducer has the resistance which is the inverse function of radiation
intensity.
3.) Sensitivity
The sensitivity of a photo detector is the relationship between the light falling on the device and
the resulting output signal. In the case of a photocell, one is dealing with the relationship
between the incident light and the corresponding resistance of the cell.
Materials Required:-
• Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
• Connecting Wires
• Source of different power rating (bulbs)
• Bulb Holder
• Metre scale
• Multi Meter
• Battery
Circuit Diagram:-
Procedure:
Choose a specific position for the source and mount it using a holder, make sure it is stable.
Select the bulb with the lowest power rating and connect it to the holder as shown in the figure.
Connect the LDR, battery(6V) and the multimeter in series.
Set the multimeter to ohm section and select suitable range and measure the resistance with a
bulb on.
Similarly switch to current section and move to micro ampere in the multimeter. This gives the
value of the current.
Repeat these steps with different power sources at different distances and note down
observations
Observations
The experiment has been conducted by using various sources with different power ratings. Voltage of
the battery= 6 V
Applications :-
Lead sulfide (PbS) and indium antimonide (InSb) LDRs are used for the mid infrared spectral
region. GeCu photoconductors are among the best far infrared detectors available, and are used
for infrared astronomy and infrared spectroscopy.
Conclusion
The LDR resistance decreases with increase in intensity of light and hence there is an
increase in the flow of current.
There is an increase in the current as the distance from the source decreases.
The intensity decreases as the distance from the source increases
The error lies within the experimental limit.
References
NCERT physics class XII
Art of Electronics by paul worowitz
www.wikipedia.com/
www.electronics2000.co.uk/links/education-hobby/
www.ecelab.com/