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Organization and Management 11 q1 Mod5 Nature of Planning Types and Levels of Plans v5
Organization and Management 11 q1 Mod5 Nature of Planning Types and Levels of Plans v5
Organization and Management 11 q1 Mod5 Nature of Planning Types and Levels of Plans v5
Organization-and-Management 11 Q1 Mod5
Nature-of-Planning-Types-and-Levels-of-Plans v5
Bachelor in Secondary Education in English (Stella Maris College)
Organization and
Management
Quarter 1 – Module 5
Nature of Planning, Types and
Levels of Plans
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Illustrator:
Development Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
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Organization and
Management
Quarter 1 – Module 5
Nature of Planning,
Types and Levels of Plans
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
OVERVIEW
What I Need To Know 1
Things to Remember To Get Through 1
Remember This 2
References 16
iii
This learning module of Organization and Management for Senior High School
students is designed to provide learners with a better understanding of the nature,
types and levels of planning.
In this module, the students are taught the importance of planning in achieving
the business desired goal at the same time in minimizing damages in cases of
business uncertainties.
After studying this module, you will be able to:
To learn and benefit from this module, follow the following steps:
1. Read the module title and the module introduction to get an idea of what the
module covers. Specifically, read all the sections of this module carefully. The
first section tells you what this module is all about while the second section tells
you of what you are expected to learn.
2. Never move on to the next page unless you have done what you are expected
to do in the previous page. Before you start each lesson, read first the
INSTRUCTIONS.
3. Work on the activities. Take note of the skills that each activity is helping you to
develop.
4. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the
module.
5. Communicate with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion
you have encountered in this module.
6. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher.
7. Please write all your answers of the tests, activities, exercises, and others on
your separate activity notebook.
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REMEMBER THIS
Appreciating the purpose of planning and applying the same in your daily
undertakings is vital since once you have a plan, you will learn how to manage not
only your time but your resources as well.
WHAT I KNOW
Instructions: Recall what you learned about planning. Read and answer the following
statements. Write the letter of your answer in a yellow paper.
9. If plans are the actions or ways that the administrator/managers will be using
to achieve the organization’s aim, what is goal?
a. targets desired at the start of allotted timeline in which the management
wanted to reach
b. targets desired at the end of the allotted timeline in which the
management wanted to reach
c. company’s future action plans that are unsure and might fail
d. company’s present plans that are unsure and might fail
11. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the nature of planning?
a. Without planning, there will be no standards set and goals to be
achieved, thus, controlling will not be possible.
b. Without planning, the company can be successful in the future.
c. Planning reduces uncertainty because it requires managers to stick to
the plan no matter what.
d. Planning compel the managers to decide directly and easily.
13. They assist, motivate and guide the lower-level managers for them to perform
better and accomplish the business objective.
a. top-level management c. lower-level management
b. middle - level management d. intermediate-level management
WHAT’S IN
Based on what you have learned in the previous module, give at least 2
examples of profit business organizations and 2 non-profit organizations that can be
found in the Philippines.
WHAT’S NEW
Activity 1. Provided below is a cross word. Fill in the missing letters to get the correct
answers. Write your answer in the space provided for.
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1
O P - M A A E M E T
6
A O
N P
2
C O T G E C Y
N A
3
O A T
4
I D L
V WHAT IS IT
Definition of Terms
Planning - is a process wherein the organization sets its goal, creates strategies to
attain the goal at the same time develops action plans or ways to achieve the desired
goal the organization is into
Vision - represents the company’s <dream= on what will it become in the future
Mission - identifies the purpose on why the organization existed. This includes the
company’s product and services, its target market and how the company wanted to
address the customer’s needs and satisfaction.
Goals - are specific targets or desired ends that the management wanted to attain but
usually attained over a long period of time.
Objectives - refer to the action/steps needed in order to achieve the desired goal
Are you willing to take the risk of not getting the things you want because you
fail to plan?
Planning is like having a map and a compass with you. Even if you are in the middle
of nowhere, if you have your map and your compass, you can reach your destination
without wasting much time in roaming around. For instance, in the direction you are
in, you may encounter problems, but you can still find another way out.
Planning is important because establishing plans based on the set goals will provide
direction to the organization’s undertakings and will decrease the percentage of
indecisions.
In an environment full of uncertainty, you need to understand that you can formulate
assumptions based on forecasts of what is expected in the future and decide what to
do, how to do it, when to do it and many more.
Nature of Planning
GOALS PLANS
These are the targets desired at These are the actions or ways
the end of the allotted timeline in that the administrator/managers
which the management wanted to will be using to achieve the
reach. organization’s goal.
For example:
The goal of <Fishda= store is to sell 1,000 pieces of sardines for the month of
August 2020.
To achieve this goal, they plan to divide the sales target into 4 weeks which will
require them to sell at least 250 pieces per week or 36 pieces per day.
Additionally, they will not only rely on the walk-in buyers in their store. They also
plan to post and advertise their product in Facebook and other social media platforms
since online selling is effective nowadays.
Lastly, they will offer free delivery for a minimum purchase of 10 pieces.
Whenever a company sets its goal, the management will then strategize and
make action plans that are best suited to achieve the goal.
If the management fails to come-up with an effective plan especially when other
factors arise, tendency is, the goal will not be achieved.
Thus, effective planning is very important and crafting strategies is crucial for
this requires efficient and effective decision-making.
Specificity refers to very detailed, clearly defined plan wherein objectives are
clearly stated and could easily be understood. Simple language must be used
in order to facilitate understanding of the plan.
Frequency – refers to the number of times or instances a plan may be used. For
example, strategical plans have single use, while operational plans are usually
standing or are used frequently or several times.
TYPES OF PLANS
STRATEGIC PLAN
•plans that establish the organization's overall goals and apply to the entire firm
based on the company's vision, mission and values as a whole
•indicates the important decisions made within a business
•Are usually broad in scope and are the responsibility of the organization's CEO,
president and general manager of the company.
OPERATIONAL PLAN
•plans that are applied to a particular unit area only and the scope is narrow
•also includes the formulation of on-going plans that explains the specific operation of
the organization
•a company's goal may not be achieved if the operational plans are not clear
•on-going plans can be in any of these forms:
•Policy - a set of principles that guide managers in addressing a particular issue
As you can see in the illustration above, there is a hierarchy of plans that starts
from the top which is the organization as a whole (strategic plan), then another plan
which will be executed by the specific unit/department (operational plan) who will be
working on the plans to achieve the organization’s goal. If the plan fails due to
unexpected changes, there should be another option (contingency plan).
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5. Implement the plan and evaluate results; take corrective action and revise plans
needed.
Different Levels of Planning
Management Level Characteristics Responsibilities
The top-management Responsible in decision-
Top-level Management teams are mostly experts making and overseeing
Planning in the field/industry they the company’s long term
(strategic planning) are in. These people are plan goals at the same
experienced in the time crafting strategies on
✓ CEO business for a long period how to attain the goal.
✓ presidents of time.
✓ vice-president
✓ board of directors They can communicate They formulate the plan,
✓ senior executives. well, charismatic and most however, they do not
importantly, have a sense execute the plan on their
of responsibility and own, instead, a
accountability in carrying management team
out their task. supports and helps them
in carrying out the task.
It is the in-between Implements the
Middle-level Management
leadership level of a organizational plan in
Planning
ranked organization, accordance with the
(Tactical Planning)
being subordinate to the company’s policies and
senior management but objectives of the top
✓ general managers
above the lowest levels of management.
✓ branch managers
operational staff.
✓ department
managers
It is accountable to the Defines and discusses the
top-level management for information and policies
their branch/department’s from the top management
functions. down to the lower
management.
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Image-builders of the
enterprise because they
are in direct contact with
the workers.
WHAT’S MORE
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If given a chance to open your own business, what would it be? After choosing,
list down your goal/s and plans for your business .Use the given format below:
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WHAT I CAN DO
Try to identify at least 3 existing sari-sari stores in your locality. What types of plan/s
you think they applied for their business to succeed? Do you think, these plans are
effective? Why or Why not? Explain your answer.
Types of Effective or
Name of Store Plans Not Effective Explanation
Used
ASSESSMENT
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ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Try to reflect and list down the plans you made in achieving your goals as a student.
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REFERENCES:
Helena Ma. F. Cabrera, PhD, Anthony DC. Altarejos, PhD, and Riaz Benjamin, 2016,
Organization and Management, Textbook, Quezon City, Philippines:Vibal
Group, Inc.
Internet Sources:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/management-
levels-and-types/
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/management_levels.htm
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