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SETS
 Sets

Well defined collection of objects

Example:

A = your favourite actor

B = a set of natural numbers

Sets

N⊂W⊂Z⊂Q⊂R⊂C
 Representation of Sets

1. Roster Form
2. Set builder Form
 1. Roster Form

elements are being separated by commas and are enclosed within

braces { }

Example:
A = {1 , 2, 3, a, b}

∊ → belongs to/ element of

a∊A
1∊A
4∉A
 1. Roster Form

1. Order of elements does not matter

2. All elements must be distinct

Example:
{ S, C, H, O, L} = {H, O, L, C, S}

{ A, P, P, L, E} = {A, P, L, E}
Write down the set of letters of the word MATHEMATICS in roster
form
 2. Set-Builder Form

we write down a property or rule which gives us all the element of

the set

Example:

A= {x : x is a natural number which divides 12}

B= {y : y is a vowel in the English alphabet}
C= {z : z is an odd natural number}
Express set A = {x2 : x < 5, x is a whole number} in roster form
Express set B = {2, 5, 10, 17, 26} in set builder form
Express set A = {9, 25, 49, 81} in set builder form
Let Z be the set of all integers and
A = {(x, y): x4 - y4 = 175 and x, y ∊ Z}
Then the number of elements in A is ____
Cardinal Number

Cardinal Number is number of elements inside a set

Representation: n(A)
TYPES OF
SETS
 Types of Sets

1. Null Set / Empty Set / Void Set

A set having NO element in it. It is denoted by ф or { }

Example:
A = { x : 0 < x < 1; x 𝝐 Z }
Which of the following sets is/are empty ?
A. {x ∈ Z | x2 = 9 and 2x = 6}
B. {x ∈ R | x2 = 9 and 2x = 4}
C. {x ∈ R | x + 4 = 4}
D. {x ∈ N | 2x + 1 = 3}
 Types of Sets

2. Singleton Set
A set having 1 element in it

Example:
A = { x : 0 < x < 2; x 𝝐 Z }
 Types of Sets

3. Finite Set
A set having finite(countable) number element in it

Example:
 Types of Sets

4. Infinite Set
A set having infinite number element in it

Example:
Set of Natural numbers
 Types of Sets

5. Equal Set
If every element of A is present in B and every element of B is
present in A then A and B are said to be equal sets
A=B

Example:
{1, 2, 3} = {2, 3, 1}
 Types of Sets

6. Equivalent Set
n(A) = n(B)

Example:
{1, 2, 3} is equivalent to {a, b, c}
 Types of Sets

7. Universal Set
A set consisting of all possible elements which occur in the
discussion

Example:
If A = {1, 2, 3} , B = {2, 4, 5, 6}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7}
then U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} can be taken as the universal set
 Types of Sets

8. Subset and Superset

If all elements of A are present in B then A is subset of B
Representation: A ⊆ B

Example:
If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A⊆B

If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 3, 5, 7}

A⊈B
 Types of Sets

9. Proper Subset
If A ⊆ B and A ≠ B , then A is called a proper subset of B and B
is called superset of A

Example:
If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A is proper subset of B

If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 3}

A is not proper subset of B
A. Write down all subsets of {1, 2}
B. Write down all proper subsets of {1, 2}
C. Write down all subsets of {1, 2, 3}
Let A = {1, 2, {3, 4}, 5}. Which of the following statements are correct

A. {3, 4} ⊂ A
B. {3, 4} ∈ A
C. {{3, 4}} ⊂ A
D. {1, 2, 3} ⊂ A
E. 3 ∈ A
F. { 3 } ⊂ A
 Note:

1. Every set is subset of itself

2. Empty set, ф, is a subset of every set
3. A ⊂ B and B ⊂ A ⇔ A = B
4. ф is proper subset of every set except itself
5. Number of subsets of a finite set = 2n
6. Number of proper subsets of a finite set = 2n-1
Two finite sets have m and n elements. The number of subsets of
the first set is 112 more than that of the second set. The values of
m and n are respectively,
A. 4, 7
B. 7, 4
C. 4, 4
D. 7, 7 JEE Main 2020
 Types of Sets

9. Power set
It is a set of all subsets
Representation : P(A)

Example:
Find the power set of A = {1, 2}
The number of subsets of the power set of set A = {a, b, c} is
A. 32
B. 16
C. 64
D. 256
If A=P({1, 2}) where P denotes the power set, then which one of
the following is correct?

A. {1, 2} ⊂ A
B. 1 ∈ A
C. { } ∉ A
D. {1, 2} ∈ A
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