IMPULSE & MOMENTUM

QUARTER 4 WEEK 3
MELC S

◾Relate impulse and momentum to collision of

objects (e.g., vehicular collision) (S9FE - IVb -36)
◾Infer that the total momentum before and
after collision is equal (S9FE - IVb -37)
OBJECTIVES
1.relate impulse and momentum to
the collision of objects (e.g., vehicular
collision)
2.identify the factors that may affect
the motion of objects; and
OBJECTIVES

3. infer that the total momentum

before and after the collision is
equal.
REVIEW

◾Write T if the statement is TRUE and if

otherwise, choose the words that make it
incorrect. Write your answers in your
notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.
REVIEW

1. A force is a push or a pull upon an

object resulting from the objects’
T
interaction with another object.
2. Velocity is a scalar measurement of the
rate and direction of motion. F
REVIEW

3. The basic S I unit of m ass is J o u l e .

4. Newton’s first law is sometimes
referred to as the law of inertia. T
REVIEW

5. A vector is a quantity that has both

a magnitude and a direction. T
WHAT’S IN
Suppose you play basketball
with your friends. What will
happen to the ball if it hits
the board instead of inside
the ring?
WHAT’S IN

How about if you bump

into another player who is
bigger than you?
QUESTIONS…

◾What makes things move? Why do

some objects move continuously while
some moving objects stop suddenly?
ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOTION?

Directions: Study and analyze the

pictures below. Answer the given
questions carefully.
ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOTION?
40 km/h

40 km/h
ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOTION?
Consider a cargo truck with a mass of
10,000 kilograms traveling at a velocity of
40 kilometers per hour and a small car
with a mass of 2000 kilograms traveling at
the same velocity as shown in Figure 1.
 ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOTION?

If the two vehicles suddenly lose their breaks

and crash against the brick wall,
a . which do you think would be more
damaging?
ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOTION?

If the two vehicles suddenly lose their breaks

and crash against the brick wall,
b. on what factor would the impact of collision
depend if their velocities are the same?
MOMENTUM
◾a moving object’s tendency to resist
any change in its state of motion;
inertia in motion.
◾For bodies moving at
the same velocity, the
more massive body
has greater inertia in
motion therefore has
greater momentum.
◾For moving bodies
with the same mass,
the faster body has
greater inertia in
motion therefore has
greater momentum.
MOMENTUM

◾a vector quantity
◾SI unit is kilogram meters per
second or kg. m/s.
 Momentum = mass x velocity or
p=mv
Where:
p= momentum
m = mass
v = velocity or speed
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

◾If a 6.0 kg bowling ball is rolled with

a velocity of 3.5 m / s , what is the
momentum of the ball?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
◾Given:

m= 6.0 kg
v= 3.5 m / s
◾Find:
p= ?
◾Solution:

◾Formula for momentum is p= mv

◾Then, substitute the given values to
the equation
p= 6.0 kg (3.5 m/s)
p = 21 kg.m/s
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

◾1. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of

3.0 m/s with a momentum of 6.0 kg-m/s.
What is its mass?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3

◾A baseball was thrown with a mass of 0.5

kg and a momentum of 10 kg-m/s. What
is its velocity?
IMPULSE

◾An external force acting on an

object over a specific time leads
to a change in momentum of the
object. (I=F⋅Δt)
IMPULSE

◾The change in momentum

◾I= Δp ;I= pf-pi;I=mΔV; I= m(Vf-Vi)
Recalling Newton’s second law of motion:

a=F/m
Summarizing equations for IMPULSE:
◾I=F⋅Δt

◾I= Δp; I= pf-pi; I= mΔv; I= m(Vf-Vi)

◾Ft = m(vf-vi)
◾Ft = Δp
IMPULSE

◾symbol I
◾Newton-seconds
N.s.
◾I=F⋅Δt.
L E T ’ S TRY THIS:
◾Ben Arda hits a 0.02 kg golf ball,
giving it a speed of 25 m / s . What
impulse does he impart to the ball?
Given:
m = 0.02 kg
Δv = 25 m / s – 0 = 25 m / s
Find: I
◾Solution:
Since the golf ball is initially at rest, the initial
velocity is equal to zero.
Thus,
I = Δp = mΔv
= (0.02 kg)(25 m/s)
= 0.50 kg-m/s or 0.50 Ns
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
◾A cart is pushed with a force of 25 N in 4
seconds which caused it to move. What is the
impulse imparted on the cart?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: FIND: I
F =25 N
t =4 seconds
Formula: I =Ft
I =(25 N) (4s)
I =100 Ns or 100 kg. m/s
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
◾How much force is needed to change the
speed of a 10.0 kg body from 20. 0 m/s to 12.0
m/s within 3s?
GIVEN: FIND: I
m =10.0 kg
vi =20.0 m/s
vf – 12.0 m/s
FORMULA: I =m (vf-vi)
I =10.0kg (12.0m/s – 20.0 m/s)
I =10.0kg (-8m/s)
I =-80 kg.m/s
APPLICATION: SEATBELT

◾When a vehicle
suddenly stops, it
experiences impulse,
change in momentum.
APPLICATION: SEATBELT
◾They are designed
to keep car
occupants inside
the car where it’s
likely to be safer
during a crash,
APPLICATION:SEATBELT

◾and they stretch just

a bit, helping to
increase the time it
takes for the impulse
to be absorbed.
 Seatwork
1. 1. A bowling ball which mass is 4.0 kg is
rolling at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its
momentum?
2. A lady tennis player hits an approaching
ball with a force of 790 N. If she hits the
ball in 0.002 s, how much impulse is
imparted to the tennis ball?
 Seatwork
3. How much force is required to change the
speed of a 50.0 kg object from 32 m/s to 60 m/s
within 5s?

4. A racing car has a momentum of 1350 kg.m/s.

Find the velocity if its mass is 400kg.
 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
◾states that for a collision between object 1
and object 2 in an isolated system, the
total momentum of the 2 objects before the
collision is equal to the momentum of the
2 objects after the collision. The
momentum lost by object 1 is equal to the
momentum gained by object 2.
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
◾A useful analogy for
understanding this concept
involves a money transaction
between two people.
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

◾The table shows that the total money

of the 2 people before the transaction is
equal to the total money after the
transaction- it is conserved.
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
We can say that:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝜌𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
0 = (𝑚𝑣)1 + (𝑚𝑣)2
EXERCISES:
1. An 11kg stone moving at 33 m / s strikes
a second stone at rest. After a collision, the
11 kg stone is moving with a velocity of 13
m / s and the second stone is moving with a
velocity of 8 m / s . What is the mass of the
second stone?
G iven:
Solution:
◾Collisions happen when two objects come
in direct contact with each other.
◾Collisions are categorized according to
whether the total kinetic energy of the
system changes.
Kinetic energy may be lost during the
collision when
◾(1) it is converted to heat or other forms
of energy and
◾(2) it is spent in producing deformation
or damage such as when the two collide.
TWO T YP E S O F C O L L ISION

1. Elastic collision
- the total kinetic energy of the system does
not change and colliding objects bounce
off after the collision.
- An example is the balls in billiard games.
TWO T YP E S O F C O L L ISION
2. Inelastic collision
- the total kinetic energy of the system changes
or converted into another form of energy. Objects
that stick together after the collision are said to
be perfectly inelastic.

An example is the collision of two cars.

ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOMENTUM?

◾Directions: Fill in the missing words.

Choose your answer on the given choices
inside the box to complete the text. Write
your answers in your notebook/on a
separate sheet of paper.
ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOMENTUM?
ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOMENTUM?
1. Which of the two vehicles would be more
difficult to stop – the lighter one or the
heavier one? The (1) one is more
difficult to stop. This is because it
possesses a greater (2) in motion
which depends on an object’s (3)
and (4) .
Do you still remember Newton’s (5)
of Motion? It is also known as the Law of
Inertia. An object’s (6) is also
known as inertia in motion. For objects
moving at the same velocity, a more massive
object has greater inertia in motion therefore a
(7) momentum. Momentum
depends on two factors, mass and velocity.
ACTIVITY: WHAT AFFECTS MOMENTUM?

CAR A CAR B
2. Consider the two identical cars on the
left. Car A is traveling at 80 k m / h while
Car B is traveling at 30 k m / h . Which of
the two cars would be more difficult to
stop? Which of the two cars has more
momentum?
(8) , being faster, is more
difficult to stop. It has more momentum.
Two cars of the (9) mass but
different velocities will also have (10)
momenta.
REFERENCES

◾DepEd Self-Learning Module, Science 9

Quarter 4 Module 3: Impulse and Momentum
◾DepEd Self-Learning Module, Division of Iligan
City, Quarter 4,Wk. 3 - Module 3: Impulse
and Momentum