12th Xh; Gjpa r%f nghUshjhu

xOq;if vjph; Nehf;fy;

1. lhl;lh ,Uk;G v/F njhopw;rhiy (fduf njhopw;rhiy) Vw;gLj;j

-gl;l Mz;L vJ? (tpLjiyf;F Kd;)
 1907
2. 1950 ehl;bd; cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; njhopw;Jiwapd; gq;F
vt;tsT?
 13 tpOf;fhL
3. nghUshuhj tsh;r;rpia mila Rje;jpukhd nray;ghl;L Kiwia
gpd;gw;Wk; Kiw vd;d?
 Kjyhspj;Jtg;ghij
4. ,e;jpa ve;j ghijia Njh;T nra;jJ?
 rkjh;kg;ghij
5. rkjh;k ghzpapyhd tsh;r;rpapd; Nehf;fq;fs; vit?
 Vw;wjho;Tfis Fiwg;gJ
 Ruz;liy xopg;gJ
 nry;tk; Xhplj;jpy; Ftpf;fg;gLtij jLg;gJ
6. midj;J Fbkf;fSk; fy;tp kw;Wk; Ntiy tha;g;gpy; rktha;g;ig
ngWtJ?
 r%fePjp

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7. njhopw;Jiwapy; muR nghJj;Jiwapd; fPo; Kf;fpa njhopy;fis
cUthf;Ftjpy; jpl;lkply; %yk; nray;jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fp
nghUshjhu jpl;lq;fs; cUthf;fp nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp ngw;w ehL
vJ?
 Nrhtpaj; u~;ah
8. Ntshz;ik gpd;jq;fpa epiyia ,U fhuzpfNshL njhlh;GgLj;J
ghh;f;fyhk; mit?
 epWtdf;fhuzp
 njhopy;El;g fhuzp
9. ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; gb Ntshz;ik ve;j gl;naypy; ,lk;
-ngw;Ws;sJ?
 khepyg;gl;bay;
10. Mq;fpNyah;fshy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l 3 tifahd tUtha; t#y;
Kiwfs; vd;d?
 epue;ju epythpj;jpl;lk;
 uaj;Jthhp Kiw
 kfy;thhp Kiw
11. murpayikg;G cUthf;fj;jpw;F Kd;Ng ,e;jpahtpy; ve;j
khfhzq;fspy; [kPd;jhhp Kiw xopf;f rl;lq;fis ,aw;wpdh; 1949?
 cj;jpugpuNjrk;> gPfhh;> nrd;id
 kj;jpagpuNjrk; > m];]hk;> gk;gha;

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12. epue;ju epythp jpl;lk; Kjd;Kjypy; mwpKfkhd khepyk; vd;d?
 tq;fhsk; (1955)
13. [kPd;jhh;fs; xopg;G rl;lq;fspd; murpayikg;gpd; jpUj;jq;fis
vg;NghJ epiwNtw;wpaJ?
 1951 - Kjy; jpUj;jk;
 1955 - ehd;fhtJ jpUj;jk;
14. [kPd;jhhp Kiw vg;NghJ epiwT ngw;wJ?
 1956
15. [kPd;jhhp Kiw xopg;G %yk; 30 yl;rk; Fbahdth;fSk;
Fj;jiffhuh;fSk; vj;jid n`f;Nlh; epyq;fSf;F chpikahsh;fs;
Mapdh;?
 62 yl;rk; n`f;Nlh;
16. ,e;jpahtpy; gaphplg;gLk; nkhj;j epyj;jpy; Vwj;jho vj;jid
tpOf;fhL epyq;fs; Fj;jif Kiwapd; fPopUe;jd?
 Vwj;jho 50 tpOf;fhL
17. rhpahd $w;iw Njh;T nra;f.
$w;W 1 : Fj;jif rPh;j;jpUj;jkhdJ 2 Fwpf;Nfhs;fSld;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ
$w;W 2 : cilikahsjplkpUe;J tptrhapfis ghJfhg;gjd;
%yk; mth;fSf;F mjpfhukspgg;J epyj;jpd;
gad;ghl;Lj;jd;ikia Nkk;gLj;JtJ.
 $w;W 1>2 rhp

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18. Fj;jif rPh;jpUj;j rl;lq;fs; %d;W ,yf;Ffis Fwpitj;J
,aw;wg;gl;lJ mit ?
 Fj;jifia Kiwg;gLj;JtJ
 Fj;jifjhuh; chpikfis ghJfhg;gJ
 epyTilikahshplkpUe;J epyq;fis gwpKjy; nra;J
chpikahshplk; Fj;jifjhuh;fSf;F mspg;gJ.
19. rhpahd $w;iw Njh;T nra;f
$w;W 1 : khepyq;fspy; Fj;jif KiwgLj;jg;gl;L tpisr;rypy;
ehd;fpy; xU gq;fhf ,Ue;jij %d;wpy; xU gq;fhf
khw;wg;gl;L rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;ld.
$w;W 2 : Mdhy; ,J xU NghJ ntw;wpfukhf eilKiw
gLj;jg;gltpy;iy
 $w;W 1>2 rhp
20. ve;j khepyq;fspy; epyr;rPh;j;jpUj;j eltbf;iffs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
ntw;wpaile;jJ?
 Nfush
 Nkw;F tq;fhsk;

21. jkpo;ehl;by; epy cr;rtuk;G Kjd;Kiwahf vg;NghJ eilKiw

gLj;jg;gl;lJ?
 1961
22. rhpahd $w;iw Njh;T nra;f
$w;W 1 : 1972 tiu xU epychpikahsh; vt;tsT epyq;fis
nrhe;jkhf itj;J nfhs;syhk; vd;gjw;F epy cr;r
tuk;G eph;zak; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.
$w;W 2 : 1972f;F gpd;dh; mbg;gilapy; myfhdJ FLk;gk;
khw;wg;gl;lJ.
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  $w;W 1>2 rhp
23. epy cr;r tuk;g rl;lj;jpy; ve;j tif epyq;fSf;F tpjptpyf;F
mspf;fg;gl;bUe;jd?
 goj;Njhl;lq;fs; > fha;fwp> G+f;fs; > Nka;r;ry; epyk;>
mwf;nfhil rkak; rhh;e;j epyq;fs;
24. G+kp jhd ,af;fjij njhlq;fpath; ahh;?
 tpNdhgh ghNt
25. G+kpjhd ,af;fj;jpd; Nehf;fk; vd;d?
 jhq;fshfNt te;J epyq;fis toq;Fjy;
26. ve;j Mz;L ,ilg;gFjpay; ,e;jpahtpy; czT cw;gj;jpapy;
epiy kpfTk; ftiyaspg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ?
 1960
27. 1965 -y; ePh;ghrd trjpAs;s rpy Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy;
mjpf kf#ypidj; jUfpw ve;j gaph; gaphplg;gl;;ld?
 NfhJik> ney;
28. gRikGul;rpapd; tpisthf ,e;jpah vj;jid Mz;Lf;Fs;shf
czT jhdpa cw;gj;jpay; jd;dpiwT ngw;wJ?
 20
29. Mz;L - mhprp cw;gj;jp - NfhJik
m) 1960-61 - 35 kpy;ypad; ld; - 11 kpy;ypad;
M) 2011-12 - 104 kpy;ypad; ld; - 94 kpy;yad;
-

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30. tptrhapfsplk; ,Ue;j cghp czT jhdpaq;fis thq;fp muR
vq;F Nrkpj;J itj;jJ.
 ,e;jpa czTf;fofj;jpd; Nrkpg;G fplq;F
31. Nrkpg;Gfplq;fpy; jhdpaq;fs; vt;thW kf;fSf;F czT
ghJfhg;G cWjp nra;jJ?

32. ,e;jpahtpd; gRikg; Gul;rpapd; ntw;wpapd; kw;nwhU rhjfkhd
mk;rk; vJ?
 ghy; kw;Wk; Kl;il cw;gj;jp
33. ------- Mz;Lfspy; njhopy; JiwapYk; Ntshz;ikapYk; tsh;r;rp
Vw;gl;l gpd;dUk; tWik Fiwatpy;iy
 1970
34. kf;fs;njhif ehd;fpy; vj;jid gq;F gFjpapdh; fpuhq;fspy;
tho;fpd;wdh;?
 3 gq;F
35. fpuhkg;Gw tWikia Nghf;Ftjw;fhf murhq;fj;jhy; mwpKfk;
nra;ag;gl;lit?
 Cuf tsh;r;rpjpl;lq;fs;
36. xUq;fpize;j Cuf tsh;r;rp jpl;lk; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l
Mz;L vd;d?
 1980

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37. -d; Nehf;fk; vd;d?
 fpuhkg;Gw FLk;gq;fspd; nghUshjhu epiyia cah;j;j
rpy nrhj;Jf;fis toq;FtJ.
38. jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; nrhj;JfSf;fhd nryT khdpaq;fs; >
fld;fs; ahh; Nkw;nfhs;fpwhh;fs;
 kj;jpa khepy eph;thfk; gfh;e;jspf;fpwJ
39. jpl;lk; (1980- 1999) tiuapy; vj;jid kpy;ypad; |
FLk;gq;fSf;F ,j;jpl;lk; nrd;wile;jJ
 53.5kpy;ypad;
40. tptrha FLk;gq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fspy;
m) 50 tpOf;fhL - fhy;eilfs; (ghy;cw;gj;jp)
M) 25 tpOf;fhL - tptrhak; my;yhj NtW gzp
,) 15 tpOf;fhL - rpwpa mstpyhd ePh;ghrdk;
41. vg;NghJ kWrPuikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 1999
42. kfhj;kh fhe;jp Cuf Ntiytha;g;G cWjp rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l
Mz;L vJ?
 2005 (100 ehs; Ntiy jpl;lk;)
43. jpl;lk; ahuhy; eilKiwgLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 fpuhkgQ;rhaj;Jfs;
44. jpl;lj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; Cjpaj;jpw;Fk; KjyPL nra;ag;
-gl;l %yjj;jpw;F tpfpjk; vd;d?
 60:40
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45. jpl;lj;jpy; Ntiy nra;Nthhpd; ngz;fspd; gq;F
vd;d?
 %d;wpy; xU gq;F
46. rhpahd $w;iw Njh;T nra;f.
$w;W 1 : jpl;lj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; ml;il 15
ehl;fSf;Fs; toq;f Ntz;Lk;. 5 fp.kP njhiytpy;
Ntiy ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
$w;W 2 : Mz;fs; ngz;fs; ,UtUf;Fk; xNu khjphpahd
Cjpak; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
 $w;W 1>2 rhp
47. jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; 2006-1012 tiuapYkhd fhyg;gFjpay;
vj;jid Nfhbfs; Cjpakhf tpepNahfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ
 1>10>000 Nfhb
48. jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy;
vj;jid gFjpadh; ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;fpwJ?
 ehd;fpy; xU FLk;gk;
49. Kjy; njhopw;nfhs;if mwptpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L vJ?
 1948
50. --- y; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l njhopw; nfhs;fif jPh;khdk; kpfTk;
cWjpahd nfhs;if mwpf;ifahFk;
 1956
51. ---- ,aw;wg;gl;l njhopy; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; KiwgLj;Jjy; rl;lk;
jdpahh; Jiwia fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kf;;fpa fUtpahFk;
 1951

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52. ------ ntspaplg;gl;l nfhs;if mwpf;if> tsh;r;rpapy; fhzg;gLk;
gpuhe;jpa Vw;wj;jho;Tfis Nghf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy;
gpd;jq;fpa gFjpapYk; Cf;Ftpj;jJ.
 1973
53. ----- ntspahd nfhs;if mwpf;ifahdJ rpwpJ fhyNk Ml;rpapy;
,Ue;J [djh murhq;fj;jpdhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ
 1977
54. ------- y; fhq;fpu]; murhy; ntspaplg;gl;l nfhs;if mwpf;ifAk;
rkr;rPuhd tsh;r;rpia NgZtij ,yf;fhf nfhz;bUf;fpwJ
 1980
55. ,e;jpahtpy; 1951 -y; 5 nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fNs ,Ue;jd
2012-y; vz;zpf;if vd;d?
 225
56. nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapy; 1951-y; %yjd KjyPL 529 Nfhb 2012
vd;d?
 7.3 yl;rk; Nfhb
57. 1950 fspy; epWtg;gl;l v/F njhopw;rhiyfspy; vit?
 gpyha; (rj;j]
P ;fh;)
 &h;Nfyh ( xbrh)
 Jh;fhG+h; ( Nkw;Ftq;fhsk;)
58. 1950 fspy; ,q;fpyhe;J n[h;kdp kw;Wk; u~;ah ehLfspy;
epWtg;gl;l v/F njhopw;rhiy vit?
 `pe;J];jhd; nk~pd; ^y;];

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59. ghuj kpF kpd; epWtdk; Kjd;Kjypy; epWtg;gl;l ,lk; vd;d?
 Nghghy;
60. -------- nghJj;Jiw rhh;e;j njhopyf epWtdq;fs; fLikahf
gpur;ridfis re;jpj;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
 1991
61. 1991 -y; e~;lq;fis Vw;gLj;jf;$ba kw;Wk; Nghh;Jiw rhuhj
epWtdq;fspy; nra;ag;gl;l ----- jpl;lk; njhlq;fpaJ
 KjyPLfis jpUk;gg;ngWk; jpl;lk;
62. ve;j njhopw;nfhs;if chpkq;fs; toq;fg;gLtjpYs;s
fl;Lg;ghLfis ePf;Ftjw;fhfTk; jhuhskakhf;fg;gl;l
nghUshjhu Nehf;fp efh;tfhTk; jdpahh;Jiwapd; mjpfkhd
gq;Nfw;ig mDkjpj;jJ?
 1991
63. Ie;jhz;L jpl;lq;fspd; %ykhf tsh;r;rpf;F fpl;Ltjpy; ,e;jpah
ve;j ehl;il Kd;Djhuzkhf gpd;gw;wpaJ?
 Nrhtpaj; u~;ah
64. jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil Nehf;fkhf ,Ug;gJ vJ? \
 jd;dpiwT nghUshjhuk;
65. ,Jtiu vj;jid Ie;jhz;L jpl;lq;fs; epiwNtw;wpAs;sJ?
 12
66. KjyhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpw;fhf Kd;nkhopag;gll;l nkhj;j
KjyPL vt;tsT ?
 3870 Nfhb
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67. KjyhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpy; 1951-56 vjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
 Ntshz; cw;gj;jp
68. kfyNdhgp]; jpl;lk; vd;W mwpag;gl;l Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; vJ?
 1956 - 1961 (,uz;lhk; Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk;)
69. KjyhtJ jpl;lj;jpy; 6 tpOf;fhlhf ,Ue;j njhopy;Jiwapd; gq;F
,uz;lhtJ jpl;lj;jpw;F gpd;dh; vj;jid tpOf;fhlhf cah;e;jJ?
 24
70. Kjypuz;L jpl;lq;fSk; Xustpw;F kpdkhd 4 tpOf;fhL tsh;r;rpia
,yf;fhf nfhz;bUe;jd ,ij nghUshjhu epGzh;fs; vt;thW
mioj;jdh;?
 ,e;Jtsh;r;rp tpfjk;
71. ve;j Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpy; tWik xopg;gpw;F Kf;fpaj;jtk;
toq;fg;gl;;lJ?
 ehd;fhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; (1969 - 74)
72. ve;j Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpy; nghUshjhuk; jhuhskakhf;fg;gl;;lJ?
 8tJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lk; (1992- 1997)
73. rhpahd $w;iw Njh;T nra;f.
$w;W 1 : 1951 -2017 Mz;L tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpay; 12
Ie;jhz;L jpl;lq;fs; nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
$w;W 2 : 2012 -2017 ,Wjpahd jpl;lkhFk;. 2015 jpl;lf;FO
fiyf;fg;gl;L epjp MNahf; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
 $w;W 1>2 rhp

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74. xU ehl;bd; r%ftsh;r;rpia kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf msTNfhy;fshf
cs;sit.
 fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;
75. ,e;jpahtpy; vOj;jwpT epiy vt;thW ,Ue;jJ.
1951 - 18.3 tpOf;fhL
2011 - 74 tpOf;fhL (Mz; - 82 tpOf;fhL > ngz; - 65
tpOf;fhL
76. gs;spfspy; ,ilepw;wy; gpur;ridia jPh;ff
; murhq;fj;jhy;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l jpl;lk; vd;d?
 rh;t rpf;~h mgpad; -
 uh~;l;hpa kj;akpf; rpf;~h mgpahd;
 rkf;u rpf;~h mgpahhd;
77. tpLjiyf;F Kd;dh; ,e;jpahtpypUe;j xNunahU mwptpay; Ma;T
epWtdk; vJ?
 lhl;lh (1909)
78. ik#h; kfhuh[h epjpAjtpapy; ngq;f@hpy; mikf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpa
mwptpay; epWtdk; vJ?

79. 1945 Kidth; N`hkp J. ghgh vd;ghhpd; Kd;ndLg;gpy; lhl;lh
vd;gthpd; epjpAjtpAld; epWtg;gl;;l epWtdk; vJ?
 lhlh mbg;gilapy; Muha;r;rp epWtdk;
80. Njrpa Ntjpapay; Ma;tfk; mikf;fg;gl;l ,lk; vd;d?
 GNd
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81. Njrpa ,aw;gpay; Ma;tfk; mikf;fg;gl;l ,lk; vd;d?
 GJby;yp
82. mbg;gilapy; Ntshz; Ma;Tfs; Fwpj;J kl;Lky;yhky; Jiz
eltbf;ifshd kPd;tsh;g;G caphp njhopy; El;gk; goq;fs;
G+r;rpfis fl;LgLj;Jjy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
mikg;G vd;d?
 (,e;jpa Ntshz; Ma;Tf;fofk;)
83. ,e;jpahtpy; vj;jid Ntshz;ik gy;fiyfofq;fs; cs;sd
(jkpo;ehl;by; vj;jid)
 ,e;jpahtpy; - 67
 jopofk; - 3
84. Kjy; vq;F epWtg;gl;lJ?
 fuf;G++h;
85. ekJ ehl;by; vj;jid nray;gLfpwJ?
 23
86. nghUj;Jf.
m) Njrpa njhopy; El;g epWtdk; - 31
M) ,e;jpa jfty; njhopy; El;g epWtdk; - 23

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