MLS 042: CLINICAL

INTESTINAL
PARASITOLOGY
NEMATODES
- NEMATODES
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Duodenum Hookworms
 Adult Nematode: Jejunum Strongyloides stercoralis
- ELONGATED Ileum Capillaria philippinensis
- CYLINDRICAL WORM LARGE INTESTINE Trichuris trichiura
- Primarily bilaterally symmetrical Colon Enterobius vermicularis
 Anterior end may be equipped with HOOKS, TEETH, PLATES AND EXTRAINTESTINAL Filarial worms
NEMATODES Wuchereria bancrofti
PAPILLAE
Lymph node and Lymph Brugia malayi
 SUPPORTING BODY WALL: Vessel
- An outer layer, hyaline, non cellular cuticle
- Subcuticular epithelium Eyes and Meninges Angiostrongylus/
- A layer of muscle cells Parastrongylus
 NO CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
cantonensis
 have a complete digestive tract and a muscular pharynx. (Mouth: entry,
Anus: disposal)
Encysted in the host Trichinella spiralis larva
 Equipped with COMPLETE digestive and reproductive systems
muscle
 Life cycle: egg stage → larval stage → adult stage.
 They are provided with separate sexes. (DIOECIOUS)
INTESTINAL NEMATODES
 have sensory organs (chemoreceptors) in the anterior and posterior ends
 Member of soil transmitted helminths (STH)- HATS
called Amphids and Phasmid respectively.
- Hookworms
 Nematodes came from the Phylum nemathelminths - Ascaris
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SEVERITY OF INFECTION
- Trichuris
 Number of worms present
- Strongyloides
 Length of time the infection persists
 Overall health of host  Member of UNHOLY THREE- HAT
REPRODUCTION - Hookworms
OVIPAROUS Lay immature/unembryonated/ - Ascaris
unsegmented eggs - Trichuris
OVIVIPAROUS/ lay embryonated/mature eggs;  Member of parasites having Heart-Lung Migration- ASH (Erratic
OVOVIVIPAROUS lay eggs in segmented stage parasites/ wandering parasites)
VIVIPAROUS/ lay larva not eggs - Ascaris
LARVIPAROUS - Strongyloides
 Larval stage- stage in development occurring after birth (newborn stage), - Hookworms
hatching, or before the adult form is reached  SOIL- major role/ site of development and transmission
POSSESSION OF PHASMIDS
 APHASMIDS
- Trichinella
- Trichuris Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Intestin
- Capillaria GENERAL INFORMATION MORPHOLOGY
 PHASMID - MOST COMMON intestinal  White or pink in color
- REST OF THE NEMATODES Nematode of man  Large in size:
- (Ascaris, Enterobius) - adult worms obtain MALE: 10-31 cm
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON HABITAT NOURISHMENT from semi- FEMALE: 22-35 cm
SMALL INTESTINE Ascaris lumbricoides digested food of host  SMOOTH finely STRIATED CUTICLE
- AVERAGE DAILY EGG OUTPUT:
200,000
- OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE OF
DEVELOPMENT: 25C
(RANGE: 21-30C)
- Eggs are SUSCEPTIBLE to
DESICCATION
- Eggs are RESISTANT to
CHEMICAL disinfectants
CONICAL anterior and posterior ends
 TERMINAL mouth with 3 OVAL LIPS
SENSORY PAPILLAE
 PAIRED reproductive organs in POSTERIOR
TWO THIRDS OF FEMALE and a SINGLE
tortuous tubule for MALES.
 Ventrally curved posterior end of male with
TWO SPICULES