THULANI C MANGEZI

D21100680X
DAE 312 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS
ASSIGNMENT 1

QUESTION 1

1. Explain the difference between machine learning?

 Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms

to make predictions or decisions based on data. The goal is to enable machines to
learn from experience and improve their performance over time. Machine learning
algorithms can be divided into three main categories: supervised learning,
unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.
 Supervised learning involves training a model on labelled data. The model learns to
make predictions based on the input data and the corresponding output labels. The
goal is to minimize the difference between the predicted output and the actual output.
 Unsupervised learning involves training a model on unlabelled data. The model learns
to find patterns and relationships in the data without any guidance. The goal is to
discover hidden structures in the data.
 Reinforcement learning involves training a model to make decisions based on
feedback from the environment. The model learns to take actions that maximize a
reward signal. The goal is to learn a policy that maximizes the expected reward over
time.
Machine learning has many real-world applications, including image recognition, natural
language processing, speech recognition, and predictive analytics.

 Supervised learning
 Regression: In regression, the algorithm learns to predict a continuous output value,
such as the price of a house or the temperature of a city.
 Classification: In classification, the algorithm learns to predict a discrete output
value, such as whether an email is spam or not.
 Decision Trees: Decision trees are a type of algorithm that can be used for both
regression and classification problems. They work by recursively splitting the data
into subsets based on the values of the input features.
 Random Forests: Random forests are an ensemble learning method that combines
multiple decision trees to improve performance.
 Support Vector Machines (SVM): SVMs are a type of algorithm that can be used
for both regression and classification problems. They work by finding the hyper plane
that maximally separates the data into different classes.

 Unsupervised learning

There are several types of unsupervised learning algorithms including

 THULANI C MANGEZI
D21100680X
DAE 312 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS
ASSIGNMENT 1

 Clustering: Clustering is a technique used to group similar data points together. The
goal is to discover hidden patterns in the data.
 Dimensionality Reduction: Dimensionality reduction is a technique used to reduce
the number of features in a dataset. The goal is to simplify the data and make it easier
to analyse.
 Association Rule Learning: Association rule learning is a technique used to discover
relationships between variables in large datasets. The goal is to identify patterns that can be
used to make predictions.

 Reinforcement learning

There are several types of reinforcement learning algorithms. Here are some of them:

 Q-Learning: Q-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm that learns to make

decisions by maximizing the expected reward over time.
 SARSA: SARSA is another model-free reinforcement learning algorithm that learns to make
decisions by estimating the value of each state-action pair.
 Deep Reinforcement Learning: Deep reinforcement learning is a type of reinforcement
learning that uses deep neural networks to approximate the value function or policy function.

QUASTION 2

2. How deep learning is related to medicine?

Deep learning has many applications in medicine. Here are some examples:
 Medical Imaging: Deep learning algorithms can be used to analyse medical images such as
X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. They can be used to detect abnormalities such as tumours and
lesions.
 Drug Discovery: Deep learning algorithms can be used to analyse large datasets of chemical
compounds to identify potential drug candidates.
 Genomics: Deep learning algorithms can be used to analyse genomic data to identify
genetic mutations that may be associated with diseases.
 Electronic Health Records: Deep learning algorithms can be used to analyse
electronic health records to identify patterns that may be associated with diseases.
 Deep learning has the potential to revolutionize medicine by enabling more accurate
diagnoses, personalized treatments, and faster drug discovery.
 Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves training artificial neural
networks with many layers to make predictions or decisions based on data.