Inquiries, Investigations

and Immersion
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Selecting Relevant Literature
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Selecting Relevant Literature
First Edition, 2020

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Inquiries, Investigations
and Immersion
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Selecting Relevant Literature
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

Now that you are done identifying your angle of inquiry through your
statement of the problem, the next step is to write your literature review. It
is an integral part in the research process because it establishes the existing
body of knowledge on your topic.

As a researcher, it is your task to carefully evaluate your relevant literature

since this will verify the gap on the current status of your research topic.

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Proving that there is more to tackle in your research topic shows the need to
conduct your research.

After this module, you are expected to:

1. determine the goals of a literature review; and

2. distinguish the five basic criteria for evaluating literature.

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 What I Know

Using the clues given below, arrange the scrambled letters to form a word
associated with literature review. Write your answers on your notebook.

AUCACYRC 1. The reliability and correctness of information

accuracy
CYCUNRER 2. The state of being commonly known or accepted
Currency
AIRUHTOY 3. The qualifications of the author to write on the
topic authority
REEELNVCA 4. The degree to which the information is useful or
related to another relevance
STHEYNISS 5. Putting together materials from different sources
into an integrated whole synthesis
C L I I Y T I D E R B 6. The extent to which a research account is
believable and appropriate credibility
LKINEGA 7. Forming of connections between the prior and the
existing body of knowledge linkage
G P A 8. A topic or area for which missing or insufficient information
limits the ability to reach a conclusion for a question gap
OCJIVIYTEBT 9. The fact of being based on facts and not influenced
by personal beliefs or feelings objective
CAVOREEG 10. The extent to which literature meets the needs
and depth of the research topic coverage

Lesson
Selecting Relevant

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 1 Literature

Selecting relevant literature will help you to segregate the known and the
unknown information in a topic. Some research undertakings are conducted
to disprove, redefine or even replicate what is already established. Others
seek to explore an unfamiliar concept or idea. Thus, doing a literature review
clarifies your research focus within the context of your field.

Some people mistook this part for a mere record of who wrote, what and
when of information connected to the study. However, the presence of
literature review demonstrates the soundness of the research while
highlights what this new research can address.

This module will make you understand the goals of writing a literature
review. In addition, your higher order thinking skills will be improved as you
become critical of what you include in your research paper.

What’s In

Draw a happy face ☺ if the statement describes the goal of literature review
and a sad face if otherwise. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. Stimulates new ideas 😊

2. Suggests hypotheses for replication 😊

3. Establishes the credibility of research 😊

4. Generalizes the context of the research 😊

5. Delinks the current to the prior research ☹

6. Integrates what is known in an area or field 😊

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 7. Summarizes what is known in an area or field 😊
8. Makes a connection between the research and the existing body of

knowledge 😊

9. Decreases a reader’s confidence in the researcher’s professional competence

10. Points out areas where prior studies agree, disagree and where major

questions remain 😊

Notes to the Teacher

This module will
assist the learners in getting
full
thegrasp
of their research topic as they read on a variety of literature.
Learners must be taught how to think critically and be
selective of the information they include in their research.

What’s New

Recall the moment when you were about to choose your strand for senior
high school. Share the things you considered in your decision-making
process. Make your story meaningful and interesting by taking us into the
exact moment you knew you have made up your mind. Write your answers
in three to ten sentences on your notebook. (10 points)

When I decided what strand I would take, I thought about what I really wanted and what I
could really do and if the strand I would take would help my future. I asked my friends what to
do and get, but I still took what I wanted which is electronics. So here's what I took because my
dad knows a lot about electronics so I think he can help me about electronics. I want to learn

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because if I have things I want to fix, I can do it myself. And I'm happy and I like the strand I
took and I know it will help me a lot in the future

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

What is It

Just like the process you underwent when you were choosing your strand,
selecting the literature to be included in your research needs a lot of critical
thinking. You aspire to be successful someday through your chosen strand
that is why you made sure to come up with the right decision. You may have
considered your intellectual ability, talent, interest, opportunities in the field
and the like. The same is true in choosing literature for your study. Careful
evaluation must be done in order for you to identify what new information
you can give to the existing pool of knowledge. As discussed in your previous
research subjects, one of the purposes of conducting a research is to
generate new knowledge in an attempt to better our lives.

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Literature, in the context of research, refers to a collection of published
information or materials on a particular area of research or topic, such as
books and journal articles of academic value.

On the other hand, a literature review is a process of studying what has

already been written on a particular topic. The process involves identifying,
locating, and analyzing documents that contain information related to a
researcher’s research topic (Avilla, 2016). Likewise, Aveyard (2010) defined it
as a "comprehensive study and interpretation of literature that addresses a
specific topic."

Prieto, et. al (2017) listed down the purposes for which literature review is
done:
GOALS OF LITERATURE REVIEW
1. To demonstrate a familiarity with a body of knowledge and establish
credibility. A good review increases a reader’s confidence in the
researcher’s professional competence, ability and background.
2. To show the path of prior research and how a current project is linked to
it. A good review places a research project in a context and demonstrates
its relevance by making connections to a body of knowledge.
3. To integrate and summarize what is known in an area. A good review
points out areas where prior studies agree, where they disagree and where
major questions remain. It also indicates the directions for future
research.
4. To learn from others and stimulate new ideas. A good review identifies
blind alleys and suggests hypotheses for replication and gain new insights.

Source: Nelia G. Prieto, Victoria G. Naval and Teresita G. Carey, Practical Research 2
for Senior High School Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017, 56.
As you look for literature to incorporate in your review, you have to eye the
most valuable and pertinent information to your study. Hence, you do not
list everything you find especially resources that are not collected by an
academic library.

The following are the five basic criteria for evaluating information from any
sources:
CRITERIA QUESTIONS TO ASK
• Is the information reliable?
Accuracy • Is the information error-free?
• Is the information based on proven facts?
• Can the information be verified against other reliable
sources?
• Who is the author?
Authority

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 • Does he or she have the qualifications to speak or write
on that topic?

• Is the author affiliated with a reputable university or

organization in this subject field?

Objectivity
• What is the intended purpose of the information?
• Is the information facts or opinions?
• Is the information biased?

Currency
• When was the information published?
• Is the information current or outdated?
• Does currency matter in this topic?

Coverage
• Does the information covered meet your information
needs?

• Does it provide basic or in-depth coverage?

Source: “Literature Review - Finding the Resources,” University of Hong Kong, last
modified January 22, 2021, https://libguides.library.cityu.edu.hk/lit
review/evaluating-sources.

If most of the questions above garnered a positive response then most

probably, your information source at hand is adequate to support your
research topic.

What’s More

A. Give the criteria in evaluating literature employed in the following

statements. Choose you answers from the box below. Write your
answers on your notebook.

accuracy authority objectivity currency coverage

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1. “This paper is a little too outdated. This won’t do.” Currency
2. “This does not go along with my research topic. I won’t need this.”
Converge
3. “This paper has just been conducted last year. This suits my study.”
Currency
4. “This paper went through a peer evaluation. This must be a thorough
research.” Accuracy
5. “Upon reading the title, I thought it is relevant to my study, but as I read
on, it is not.” Accuracy
6. “I have read the qualifications of this author and he is a doctor. I will
include this.” Authority
7. “The results of this research were also proven in the previous research I
read. I will include this.” Accuracy
8. “I wonder why the conclusion of this research was not congruent to his
results. I will discard this.” Converge
9. “This study was conducted in the late 90s. This does no longer apply in
today’s world. I will look for another.” Currency
10. “Oh, this education-related research was conducted by a professor
emeritus from Harvard University. This shall go on my list.” Authority

B. Supply the missing information in the concept map below to illustrate

your understanding about the goals of literature review. Write your
answers on your notebook.

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 11.____Literature______________
a ____
collection of published
information or materials
on a particular area of
research or topic
Literature review
12. ______________________
Is a process of studying
__________________________
what has already been
__________________________
written.

GOALS OF LITERATURE
REVIEW

To show
the path of To 15.________
13.__________ To
14._________
demonstrate ___________
prior
_____________ integrate
____________ To learn
a familiarity ___________
_____________
research and
____________
with a body from
___________
_____________
and how a ____________
of knowledge summariz others and
_____________ ___________
current and ____________
e what is stimulate
_____________ ___________
project is establish ____________
known in
_____________ new ideas.
___________
linked to credibility ____________
an area _
it.

What I Have Learned

Reflect on your learnings and answer each question in three or more
sentences. Write your answers on your notebook. (10 points each)

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1. Do you think a research is complete without a review of relevant
literature? Why?

2. Why is there a need to evaluate a source of information before including

it in your literature review?

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 What I Can Do

Evaluate the research abstract below by filling out the needed

information in the table below. Write your answers on your notebook.

Research Title: Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the

Philippines
Abstract:
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses a threat
to societies’ mental health. This study examined the prevalence of
psychiatric symptoms and identified the factors contributing to
psychological impact in the Philippines. A total of 1879 completed online

surveys were gathered from March 28-April 12, 2020. Collected data

included socio-demographics, health status, contact history, COVID-19

knowledge and concerns, precautionary measures, information needs, the
Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) ratings. The IES-
R mean score was 19.57 (SD=13.12) while the
DASS-21 mean score was 25.94 (SD=20.59). In total, 16.3% of respondents
rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate-to-severe;
16.9% reported moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% had

moderate-to-severe anxiety levels; and 13.4% had moderate-to-severe

stress levels. Female gender; youth age; single status; students; specific
symptoms; recent imposed quarantine; prolonged home-stay; and reports
of poor health status, unnecessary worry, concerns for family members,
and discrimination were significantly associated with greater psychological
impact of the pandemic and higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression
(p<0.05). Adequate health information, having grown-up children,

perception of good health status and confidence in doctors’ abilities were

significantly associated with lesser psychological impact of the pandemic

and lower levels of stress, anxiety and depression (p<0.05). An English

online survey was used. During the early phase of the pandemic in the
Philippines, one-fourth of respondents reported moderate-to-severe anxiety
and one-sixth reported moderate-to-severe depression and psychological
impact. The factors identified can be used to devise effective psychological
support strategies.

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in the PhilSource: Michael L. Tee, et. al, “Psychological impact of COVIDippines,” Journal of

Affective Disorders 227 2020: 379-19 pandemic -391, accessed February 2, 2021,

doi:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.043

ANSWERS JUSTIFICATIONS
QUESTIONS (YES or NO) (Explain your answer briefly.)
Is the information yes Corona virus is the world
accurate? problem right now
Do the authors have the yes Yes because it brought
authority to write on this information
topic?
Is the information yes Yes it is
objective?
Is the information current Yes It is current information
or outdated?
Does it provide basic or Yes Yes it is clear and very
indepth information? detailed
Based on your evaluation, Yes Yes this literature could
can you recommend this help the people to study
literature? and learn more about
corona

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Assessment

A. Read the questions on evaluating literature carefully and choose the

letter of the best answer. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. Which criterion is observed when your chosen information provides
your research needs? A
A. coverage
B. authority
C. credibility
D. objectivity
2. Which criterion is observed when your chosen information was
interpreted without any bias? D
A. accuracy
B. authority C. credibility
D. objectivity
3. Which criterion is observed when your chosen information is still
commonly known, in use or accepted? C
A. currency
B. coverage
C. accuracy
D. objectivity
4. Which criterion is observed when you chose information based on its
reliability and correctness? C
A. coverage
B. accuracy
C. credibility
D. objectivity

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 5. Which criterion is observed when the author of your chosen
information has the qualifications to write on that specific topic? B
A. accuracy
B. authority
C. credibility
D. objectivity
B. Explain the goals of writing the literature review using the five words that
you will choose from the word cloud below. Answer in three to five
sentences. Write your answers on your notebook.

A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a

particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary,

and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated.

Literature reviews are designed to provide an overview of sources you have explored while

researching a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits

within a larger field of study.

15
 Additional Activities

Consider the following guidelines in evaluating literature and look for at

least two literature relevant to your chosen research topic in the previous
modules. Write your answers on your notebook.
Research Title:
Influence of Internet Based Marketing Activities
on Digital Consumer’s Mind
Title of the Literature Gist
(Give the title of your selected (Give the most important information
book, journal, article, magazine, in your selected source that is
newspaper or any published relevant to your topic.)
source of information.)

For example: Social media platforms shape the

“Relationship Marketing:
bringing quality customer
service and marketing together”
1.
How does Water Level Alarm with
Light function
2. What is the purpose of Water
Level Alarm with Light
minds of their readers.
The working principle of a water level indicator is
actually quite simple. Water level indicators work
by using sensor probes to indicate water levels in a
storage tank. These probes send information back
to the control panel to trigger
an alarm or indicator
The purpose of a water level indicator is
to gauge and manage water levels in a water tank.
The control panel can also be programmed to
automatically turn on a water pump
once levels get too low and refill the water back to
the adequate level.

Rubric for What’s New

5 3 1
Criteria/ Excellent/ Satisfactory Needs
Indicators Outstanding Improvement

16
 Quality of answer The answer The answer The answer
demonstrates shows adequate shows little
full understanding understanding
understanding of the task with of the task with
of the task few details or no detail or
elaboration elaboration

Sentence fluency Sentences are Sentences are Sentences are

complete and complete and incomplete or
they connect to able to be too long and not
one another understood easily
easily understood

Rubric for What I Have Learned and Assessment B

5 3 1
Criteria/ Excellent/ Satisfactory Needs
Indicators Outstanding Improvement

Quality of answer The answer The answer The answer

demonstrates shows adequate shows little
full knowledge of knowledge of the
understanding of concept with few concept with no
the concept details or detail or
elaboration elaboration
Sentence fluency Sentences are Sentences are Sentences are
complete and complete and incomplete or too
they connect to able to be long and not
one another understood easily
easily understood

Rubric for Additional Activity

5 3 1
Criteria/ Excellent/ Satisfactory Needs
Indicators Outstanding Improvement

Appropriateness The elements The elements are The elements are

of elements are exactly appropriate to inappropriate to
appropriate to what is being what is being
what is being asked with few asked with many
asked misplaced details misplaced details

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Specificity of The elements The elements The elements
elements clarify the point slightly clarify the make the point of
of the inquiry of point of the the inquiry of the
the research inquiry of the research vague
research and broad

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References

Avilla, Ruel A. Practical Research 1. Makati City: Diwa Learning Systems Inc, 2016,
40.

Baraceo, Ester L. Practical Research 1. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, 2016.

“Literature Review - Finding the Resources,” University of Hong Kong, last modified
January 22, 2021, https://libguides.library.cityu.edu.hk/litreview/evalua ting-
sources.

Malvika, Tomar, “Influence of Internet Based Marketing Activities on Digital

Consumer’s Mind,” International Journal of Management 11 2020: 1, accessed
January 24, 2020, doi: 10.34218/IJM.11.6.2020.111

Meaning of Currency, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/cu-

rrency

Meaning of Objectivity, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/

objectivity

Prieto, Nelia G., Naval, Victoria C. and Carey, Teresita G. Practical Research 2 for
Senior High School. Metro Manila, Philippines: Lorimar Publishing, Inc, 2017,
56.

Tee, Michael L., et. al, “Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the
Philippines,” Journal of Affective Disorders 227 2020: 379-391, accessed
February 2, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.043

Word Cloud created at WordItOut.com, https://worditout.com/word

cloud/4558144/private/8434f83cf977150b 7962bd4b4629efba

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 20
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Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
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