YASHWANT ACADEMY, KOLHAPUR

MHT-CET: Mathematics
Mathematical Logic

Statement
A declarative sentence, which is either true or false, but not both simultaneously, is called a statement.
1. Statements are usually denoted by small letters p, q, r ... etc.
2. Sentences which are i. Interrogative ii. Imperative iii. Exclamatory cannot be statements.
3. Open sentences such as 'x + 5 = 4' or 'It is white' cannot be considered as statements.
Truth value:
• The truth or falsity of the statement is called the truth value of the statement.
• If a statement is true, its value is denoted by T and if it is false, then its truth value is denoted by F.

1. Which of the following is a statement

a) May you live long! b) It is pink in color c) The sun is a star d) Hurrah! We won
2. Which of the following is a not statement
a) Roses are red b) New Delhi is in India c) 2 + 3=6 d) Alas! I have failed
3. Which of the following is an open sentence
a) x is natural number b) Give me a pen c) Wish you best of luck d) 3 + 2 ≠ 7
4. Which of the following has truth value 'T'
a) Every rational number is a real number b) Taj Mahal is in Mumbai
c) Every set is a finite set d) A quadratic equation has always real roots
Simple and Compound statement
• The statement in which one or more sentential connectives appear is called a compound or composite statement.
• The statement in which no sentential connective appear is called a prime or a simple or an atomic statement.
Note: The simple statements whose combination is a compound statement are called constituents or components of the
compound statement.
Basic logical Connectives
Connectives Compound statement formed by the connective Symbol used
Not Negation ~
Or Disjunction 
And Conjunction 
If.... then ... Conditional (implication) → or 
if and only if (iff) Biconditional (double implication)  or 

5. Which of the following is not a compound statement?

a) If u is vowel then 12 × 3 = 36 b) 3 is an odd number and f is a consonant
c) It is cold or it is raining d) Every set is a finite set
6. p: The sky is cloudy, q: It will be raining; the symbolic statement of the statement
"The sky is cloudy if and only if the sky is cloudy and it will not be raining', is
a) p ⟷ (p  q) b) (p ⟷ ~ q) c) p ⟷ (p  ~ q) d) p ⟷ (~ p  q)

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7. Let p:Kiran passed the examination, q:Kiran is sad the symbolic form of a statement
' It is not true that Kiran passed therefore he is sad' is
a) (~ p → q) b) ~ (p → q) c) (p → ~ q) d) ~ (p ⟷ q)
8. Let p:I am brave, q: I will climb the Mount Everest; the symbolic form of a statement
' I am neither brave nor I will climb the Mount Everest' is
a) p  q b) ~ (p  q) c) ~ p  ~ q d) ~ p  q
9. [J23] Consider the following statements:
P:I have fever Q:I will not take medicine R:I will take rest
The statement "If I have fever, then I will take medicine and I will take rest" is equivalent to:
a) (~ P  ~ Q)  (~ P  R) b) (~ P  ~ Q)  (~ P  ~ R)
c) ( P  Q)  (~ P  R) d) ( P  ~ Q)  ( P  ~ R)
10. [J22] Consider the following statements :
P : Ramu is intelligent, Q : Ramu is rich, R : Ramu is not honest
The negation of the statement "Ramu is intelligent and honest if and only if Ramu is not rich" can be expressed as :
a) ((P  (~ R))  Q)  ((~ Q)  P)  R)) b) ((P  R)  Q)  ((~ Q)  ((~ P)  (~ R)))
c) ((P  R)  Q)  ((~ Q)  ((~ P)  (~ R))) d) ((P  (~ R))  Q)  ((~ Q)  ((~ P)  R))
11. [J22] Let, p: Ramesh listens to music, q: Ramesh is ouit of his village, r: It is Sunday, s: It is Saturday, Then the
statemenet 'Ramesh listens to music only if he is in his village and it is Sunday or Saturday' can be expressed as
a) ~q  (r  s)  p b) (q  (r  s))  p c) p  (q  (r  s)) d) p  (~q  (r  s))
12. R:he is rich, s:is successful t:he is talented The symbolic for of the statement,
'' He is neither rich or nor talented and hence he is not successful'' is
a) (~ r  ~ t) ⟷ (~ s) b) (~ r  ~ t) → (~ s) c) (~ r  ~ t)  (~ s) d) (~ r  t)  (~ s)
13. If p: 2 is an even number, q: 2 is a prime number r: 2 + 2 = 2 . Then p → (q  r) means
2

a) 2 is an even number and 2 is a prime number or 2 + 2 = 2 2

b) If 2 is an even number then 2 is a prime number or 2 + 2 = 22
c) 2 is an even number or 2 is a prime number then 2 + 2 = 22
d) If 2 is not even number then 2 is a prime number or 2 + 2 = 2 2
Quantifier
 Universal quantifier: The symbol  stands for 'for all' or 'for every'.
 Existentialquantifier: The symbol  stands for 'there exists' or 'for some'.
Quantified statement
An open sentence with a quantifier becomes a statement. Such a statement is called a quantified statement.
14. If A= {3, 5, 7, 9,11,12}, then which of the following is true?.
a)  x  A such that x + 8 = 2 b)  x  A such that x - 8 = 1
c)  x  A such that x - 8 = 2 d)  x  A such that x + 8 = 1
15. Which of the following is true?
a)  x  Z, x2 + x is an odd number b)  x  Z, x2 is an even number
c)  x  Z, x2 + x is an even number d)  x  Z, x2 is an odd number
16. Which of the following is true?
a)  x  R, x2 is negative b)  x  R, x2 is always positive
c)  x  R, x2 is not positive d)  x  R, x2 is always negative

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Truth value of compound statements and Truth table
p q ~p pq pq p→q pq
T T F T T T T
T F F F T F F
F T T F T T F
F F T F F T T

17. In the truth table for the statement (~ p → ~ q)  (~ q → ~ p) , the last column has the truth values
a) TTTF b) FTTF c) TFFT d) TTTT
18. In the truth table for the statement p → (q  r) , the last column has the truth values
a) TTTFFFFF b) TTTTTFFF c) TTTFTTTT d) FTFTTTFT
19. Truth-value of the statement “It is false that 3 + 3 = 33 or 1 + 2 = 12” is
a) T b) F c) Both T and F d) 54
20. If p, q, r, are statement with truth values T, F, F respectively then the truth value of (r  p) ⟷ q is
a) F b) T c) Neither T nor F d) None
21. If p, q, r have truth values T, F, T then the truth values of [(~ p  q)  ~ r] → p is
a) T b) F c) T if r is false d) T if q is false
22. If p → (q  r) is false then the truth values of p, q, r respectively
a) T, T, T b) F, F, F c) F, T, F d) T, F, F
23. If p, q, r are simple proposition then (p  q)  (q  r) is false if
a) p, q, r are true b) p, q are true and r is false
c) q, r are true and p is false d) p, r, are true and q is false
24. If ~ (p  q) → r has truth value F, then truth values of p, q, r are
a) T, T, T b) T, F, T c) F, F, F d) F, T, F
25. [J20] Let p, q, r be three statements such that the truth value of (p  q) → (~ q  r) is F.
Then the truth values of p, q, r are respectively :
a) T, F, T b) F,T,F c) T, T, T d) T,T, F
26. [J20] If p → (p  ~ q) false, then the truth values of p and q are respectively:
a) F, F b) F, T c) T, F d) T, T
27. [J23] If p, q, r are three propositions, then which of the following combination of truth values of p, q and r makes the
logical expression {(p  q)  (~p  r)} → (~q  r) true
a) p = T, q = F, r = T b) p = T, q = T, r = F c) p = F, q = T, r = F d) p = T, q = F, r = F
28. If (p  ~ r) → (q  r) is false and q and r are both false, then p is
a) True b) False c) May be true or false d) None
29. [J22] If the truth value of the statement (P ~R) → (~R Q) is F, then the truth value of which of the
following is F ?
a) P  Q → ~R b) R  Q → ~P c) ~ (P  Q) → ~R d) ~ (R  Q) → ~P
30. [J22] Consider the following two propositions:
Pl: ~ (p  ~q) P2: (p  ~ q)  (~p  q)
If the proposition p  (~p  q) is evaluated as FALSE, then:
a) P1 is TRUE and P2 is FALSE b) P1 is FALSE and P2 is TRUE
c) Both P1 and P2 are FALSE d) Both P1 and P2 are TRUE

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31. [J22] Let p, q, r be three logical statements. Consider the compound statements
S1 : ((~ p)  q)  ((~ p)  r) and S2: p → (q  r)
Then, which of the following is NOT true ?
a) If S2 is True, then S1 is True b) If S2 is False, then S1 is False
c) If S2 is False, then S1 is True d) If S1 is False, then S2 is False

Conditional statement
• In the statement p → q
 p is called the antecedent or the hypothesis or necessary part
 q is called the consequent or the conclusion or sufficient part
• p→q~pq
Converse, inverse and contrapositive
• If p → q is a conditional statement, then
 q → p is called its converse.
 ~ p → ~ q is called its inverse.
 ~ q → ~ p is called its contrapositive.
• Given implication is always equivalent with its contrapositive [ p → q  ~ q → ~ p]
• Inverse of an implication is always equivalent with its converse. [q → p  ~ p → ~ q ]
32. The converse of the statement ' If I work hard then I get the grade' is
a) If I get the grade then I work hard b) If I don’t work hard then I don’t get the Grade
c) If I don’t get the grade then I don’t work Hard d) None of these
33. The converse of the statement ' If it is a Sunday, then it is a holiday' is
a) If it is a holiday, then it is Sunday b) If it is not a holiday, then it is not Sunday
c) If it is not holiday then it is not Sunday d) None
34. The inverse statement of ' If x is a Boss then x is Bad' is
a) If x is not boss then he is not bad b) If x is Bad then he is a Boss
c) If x is not a bad then he is not boss d) None of these
35. The contrapositive of the statement ' If r is rational then r is real' is
a) If r is real then r is rational b) If r is not rational then r is not real
c) If r is not real then r is not rational d) If r is real then r is not rational
36. [J20] Let A, B, C and D be four non-empty sets. The contrapositive statement of " If   C and B  D, then   C" is:
a) If   C and A  B, then   D b) If   C and A  B, then   D
c) If   C then B  A and   C d) If   C and B  D, then   C
39. [J20] Consider the statement: "For an integer n, if n3 - 1 is even, then n is odd." The contrapositive statement of this
statement is
a) For an integer n, if n is odd, then n3 - 1 is even. b)For an integer n, if n is even, then n3 - 1 is even.
c) For an integer n, if n is even, then n3 - 1 is odd. d) For an integer n, if n3 - 1 is not even, then n is not odd.
40. The inverse of the proposition (p  ~ q) → r is
a) ~ r → (~ p  q) b) (~ p  q) → ~ r c) r → (p  ~ q) d) (p  ~ q) → r
41. The contrapositive of (p  q) → r is
a) r → p  q b) ~ r → ~ (p  q) c) ~ r → (~ p  ~ q) d) ~ (p  q) → ~ r

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42. The contrapositive of the proposition (p  ~ q) → r is
a) ~ r → (~ p  q) b) (~ p  q) → ~ r c) r → (p  ~ q) d) (p  ~ q) → r
43. Consider the following statement
(I) If a man is rich then he is happy (II) If a man is not rich then he is not Happy
(III) If a man is not happy then he is not rich (IV) If a man is rich then he is not happy
Identify the pair of statement having the same meaning
a) (I) And (II) b) (II) and (III) c) (I) And (IV) d) (I) And (III)
44. Consider the following statements
(I) If price increases then demand falls (II) If price does not increases then Demand does not fall
(III) If demand fall then price does not increases (IV) If demand does not fall then price Does not increase
Identify the pair of statement having the same meaning
a) (I) And (IV) b) (I) And (II) c) (II) And (III) d) None

Biconditional statement
• In the biconditional statement p  q, p is necessary and sufficient condition for q.
• p  q  (p → q)  (q → p) i.e. A biconditional is conjunction of two implications.
Tautology, contradiction and Contingency
• A statement pattern which has all the entries in the last column of the truth table as
 T is called tautology.
i.e. the statement pattern which is always true is called tautology. It is denoted by t.
 F is called contradiction.
i.e. the statement pattern which is always false is called contradiction. It is denoted by f or c.
• A statement pattern which is neither tautology nor contradiction is called contingency.
45. Two statement patterns A and B are said to be logically equivalent if A ⟷ B is a
a) Contradiction b) Contingency c) Contrapositive d) Tautology
46. The conditional (p  q) → p is
a) A tautology b) A contradiction c) Contingency d) None of these
47. ~ (p → q)  (~ p  ~ q) is
a) A tautology b) A contradiction c) Contingency d) None of these
48. The proposition (p → ~ p)  (~ p → p) is
a)  p → ~ p b) A contingency c) A contradiction d) A tautology
49. [J20] Which of the following statement is a tautology ?
a) ~ (p  ~ q) → p  q b) p  (~ q) → p  q C) ~ (p  ~ q) → p  q d) ~ (p  ~ q) → p  q
50. [J23] Which of the following statements is a tautology
a) (p → ( p  (p → q) ) b) ( p  q) → (~ p → q) c) ( p  (p → q)) → ~ q d) p  (p  q)
51. [J22] Which of the following statements is a tautology ?
a) ((~p)  q)  p b) p  ((~p)  q) c) ((~p)  q) q d) q  ((~p)  q)
52. [J22] The number of choices of   {, , , }, such that (p  q)  (p  ~ q)  (~p  q)) is a tautology, is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
53. [J23] The number of values of r  {p, q, ~ p, ~ q} for which ((p  q)  (r  q))  ((p  r)  q) is a
tautology is
a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) 4

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54. [J22] Let the operations ,  {, }. If (p  q)  (p  ~q) is a tautology then the ordered pair (, ) is
a) (, ) b) (, ) c) (, ) d) (, )
55. [J22] Let  and   {, } be such that (p  q)  (p  q)  r is a tautology. Then (p  q)  r is logically equivalent to
a) (p  r)  q b) (p  r)  q c) (p  r)  q d) (p  r)  q
56. [J23] Let  and   {, } be such that (p → q)  (p  q) is a tautology. Then
a)    and    b)    and    c)    and    d)    and   
57. [J23] S1: (p  q)  (p  ~ q) is a tautology S2: (~ p  ~ q)  (~ p  q) is a contradiction Then
a) only S2 is correct b) both S1 and S2 are correct
c) both S1 and S2 are wrong d) only S1 is correct
58. [J21] Let and be two F1(A, B, C) = (A  ∼ B)  [∼ C  (A  B)]  ∼ A and F2(A, B) = (A  B)  (B → ∼ A)
be two logical expressions. Then :
a) F1 is not a tautology but F2 is a tautology b) F1 is a tautology but F2 is not a tautology
c) F1 and F2 both area tautologies d) Both F1 and F2 are not tautologies

Negation of compound statement

• ~ (~ p)  p
~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q

~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q

~ (p → q)  p  ~ q

~ (p  q)  (p  ~ q)  (~ p  q)
• Negation of quantified statement
~ [ x, p(x) ]  x such that [~ p(x) ] i.e. ~ (all / every}  {some / there exist at least one}

~ [ x such that p(x) ]  x, [~ p(x) ] i.e. ~ {some }  {all / every}

59. The negation of the implication is logically equivalent to

a) Conjunction of the consequent and negation of the antecedent
b) Conjunction of the antecedent and negation of the consequent
c) Disjunction of the antecedent and negation of the consequent
d) Conjunction of the antecedent and the consequent
60. Negation of the statement  xR, 2x + 1 is odd number.
a)  xR such that 2x + 1 is even number b)  xR, 2x + 1 is even number
c)  xR such that 2x + 1 is odd number d) None
61. Negation of the statement  xR such that x2 = 0
a)  xR such that x2 0 b)  xR, x2 0 c)  xR, x2 = 0 d) None
62. Negation of the statement 'All students are hardworking' is
a) All students are not hardworking b) Some students are hardworking
c) Some students are not hardworking d) None
63. Negation of the statement ' Square of every real number is non-negative ' is
a) Square of every real number is negative b) Square of some real numbers is non-negative
c) Square of some real numbers is negative d) None
64. Negation of the statement ' No triangle is equilateral ' is
a) No triangle is not equilateral b) All triangles are equilateral
c) Some triangles are not equilateral d) Some triangles are equilateral

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65. Negation of the statement ' Some snakes are poisonous ' is
a) All snakes are poisonous b) All snakes are not poisonous
c) Some snakes are not poisonous d) None
66. Negation of "2 + 3=5 and 8<10" is
a) 2 + 3≠5 and 8 ≤ 10 b) 2 + 3=5and 8>10 c) 2 + 3≠5 or 8>10 d) 2 + 3≠5 or 8 ≥ 10
67. The negation of (p  ~ q)  (~ p  ~ q) is
a) (~ p  q)  (p  q) b) (p  q)  (p  ~ q) c) (p  ~ q)  (~ p  q) d) (p  q)  (p  q)
68. p, q, r are simple propositions, the negation of p → (q  r) is
a) ~ p → (~ q  ~ r) b) (q  r) → p c) p  (~ q  ~ r) d) (q  r)  ~ p
69. Negation of the statement (p  r) → (r  q)
a) (p  r)  (~ r  ~ q) b) ~ (p  r) → ~ (r  q) c) ~ (p  r) ⟷ (r  q) d) (p  r)  (r  q)
70. The negation of (~ p  q)  (p  ~ q) is
a) (p  ~ q)  (~ p  q) b) (p  ~ q)  (~ p  q)
c) (p  q)  (~ p  q) d) None of these
71. [J23] The negation of expression q  (~ q  p) is equivalent to
a) ~ p  ~ q b) p  ~ q c) ~ p  ~ q d) ~ p  q
72. [J22] Negation of the Boolean expression p  (q  p) is
a) ~p  q b) p  ~q c) ~ p  ~ q d) ~ p  ~ q
73. Negation of the Boolean statement (p  q)  ((~ r)  p) is equivalent to:
a) p  (~q)  r b) (~p)  (~q)  r c) (~p)  q  r d) p  q  (~r)
74. [J22] Consider the following statements :
A : Rishi is a judge. B : Rishi is honest. C : Rishi is not arrogant.
The negation of the statement "If Rishi is a judge and he is not arrogant, then he is honest" is
a) B  (A  C) b) (~B)  (A  C) c) B  (~ A)  (~C)) d) B  (A  C)
Duality
Dual of a compound statement is obtained by replacing
  by  and  by   t by f and f by t
75. The dual of statement p  (q  r) ≡ (p  q)  (p  r)
a) p (q  r) ≡ (p  q) (p  r) b) p(q  r) ≡ (p  q) r
c) p(q  r) ≡ (p  q) r d) p(q  r) ≡ (p  q) r
76. The dual of statement [(p  q)  ~ q]  ~ q
a) [(p  q)  ~ q]  ~ q b) [(p  q)  ~ q]  ~ q
c) [(p  q)  ~ p]  (~ q) d) [(p  q)  ~ p]  (~ q)
77. Duals of the following statements are given which one is not correct?
a) (p  q)  (r  s) , (p  q)  (r  s) b) [p  (~ q) ]  (~ p) , [p  (~ q) ]  (~ p)
c) (p  q)  r, (p  q)  r d) (p  q)  s, (p  q)  s
78. The dual of the statement (p  q)  t is
a) (p  q)  t b) (p  q)  t c) (p  q)  c d) (p  q)  c
79. Dual of statement pattern (p  q)  (p  r) is
a) (p  q)  (p  r) b) (p  q)  (p  r) c) (p  q)  (p  r) d) (p  q)  (pr)

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Laws of logic
• Idempotent Law : ppp ppp
• Commutative Law: pqqp pqqp
• Associative Law : (p  q)  r  p  (q  r) (p  q)  r  p  (q  r)
• Distributive Law : p  (q  r)  (p  q)  (p  r) p  (q  r)  (p  q)  (p  r)
• Double negation Law: ~ (~ p)  p
• De Morgan's Law : ~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q ~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q
• Complement law : p~pt p~pf
• Identity law: pfp ptp
• Boundedness law: ptt pff
• Absorption law: p  (p  q)  p p  (p  q)  p
• ~ t  f, ~ f  t
80. Which of the following is true?
a) p → q ≡ ~ p → ~ q b) ~ (p → ~ q) ≡ ~ p  q
c) ~ (~ p → ~ q) ≡ ~ p  q d) ~ (p ⟷ q) ≡ [~ (p → q)  ~ (q → p) ]
81. Which of the following is not correct?
a) ~ (p  q) ≡ (~ p)  (~ q) b) truth value of p  q ≡ truth value of q  p
c) ~ (~ p) ≡ p d) p ⟷ q ≡ (p → )  (q → p)
82. ~ p  ~ q is logically equivalent to
a) ~ p → ~ q b) p  q c) p → ~ q d) p  q
83. ~ (p  q)  (~ p  q) ≡
a) ~ p b) ~ q c) p → q d) p  q
84. ~ (p  ~ q)  ~ (q  ~ p) ≡
a) p → q b) p ⟷ q c) p  q d) ~ (p ⟷ q)
85. (p  q)  ~ p ≡
a) p  q b) p ⟷ q c) ~ p  q d) p → q
86. [J23] The compound statement (~ (P  Q))  (~ P  Q)  (~ P  ~ Q) is equivalent to
a) (~ P  Q)  (~Q  P) b) (~Q  P) c) (~ P  Q)  ~Q d) ~ P  Q
87. [J22] The statement ~ (p  ~ q )  q is
a) a tautology b) a contradiction c) equivalent to (p  q)  q
d) equivalent to (p  q)  p
88. [J22] (p  r)  (p  (~ q)) is equivalent to (~ p) when r is
a) p b) ~ p c) q d) ~ q
89. [J22] The Boolean expression ~ (p  q)  q is equivalent to:
a) q → (p  q) b) (p → q) c) p → (p → q) d) p → (p  q)
90. [J21] The statement A → (B → A) is equivalent to:
a) A → (A  B) b) [A → (A  B)] c) A → (A → B) d) [A → (A  B)]
91. [J22] The statement (p  q)  (p  r) is NOT equivalent to
a) (p  ~ r)  q b) ~ q  (~ r  p) c) p  (q  r) d) (p  ~ q)  r
92. The statement of [~ (p  q)  (p  q) ]  r is equivalent to
a) p b) q c) r d) ~ p

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93. p → (q  r) is equivalent to
a) (p → r)  (q → p) b) (p → q)  (p → r) c) (p → q)  (p → r) d) (p → r)  (p → q)
94. p ⟷ (q  r) is equivalent to
a) (p ⟷ r)  (p ⟷ q) b) (p ⟷ q)  (p ⟷ r) c) (p ⟷ q)  (p ⟷ r) d) F
95. [J22] The statement (p  q)  (p  r) is equivalent to
a) q  (p  r) b) p  (p  r) c) (p  r)  (p  q) d) (p  q)  r
Application of logic to switching circuit
 Switches in series are represented by the connective 
p q r
e.g. p  q  r is denoted by
 Switches in parallel are represented by the connective  p

e.g. p  q  r is denoted by q

96. When does the current flow through the following circuit?
a) p, q, r closed b) p, q, r open
c) p closed q, r open d) None of these
97. For the circuit given below, the symbolic form of logic is
a) (~ p  ~ q  ~ r)  (p  q) b) (~ p  ~ q  ~ r)  (p  q)
c) (p  q  r)  (~ p  ~ q) d) (p  q  r)  (~ p  ~ q)
98. For the circuit given below, the symbolic form of logic is
a) p  (q  r)
b) p  (q  r)
c) p  (q  r)
d) ~ p  (q  r)
99. Express the following circuit in the symbolic form of logic
a) (p  q)  [r  (s  t) ] b) (p  q)  [r  (s  t) ]
c) (p  q)  [r  (s  t) ] d) (p  q)  [r  (s  t) ]

100. The circuit diagram for the following statement (p  q)  (~p  ~ q  ~ r)

a) b)

c) d) None of these

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 Problems for Practice
1. A sentence is logical statement when it is
a) Neither true or false b) True and false c) Either true or false d) None
2. Write the conjunction statement of the pair of statements: Delhi is in India, 5 + 3=8
a) Delhi is in India, 5 + 3=8 b) Delhi is in India or 5 + 3=8
c) Delhi is in India and 5 + 3=8 d) Delhi is in India? It is true
3. Write the disjunction of the pair of statements: Ram is rich; Ram is Happy.
a) If Ram is rich then he is happy b) Ram is rich and he is happy
c) Ram is rich if and only if he is happy d) Ram is rich or happy
4. Let p be '' Ramesh is tall" and q be ''Ramesh is handsome".
The symbolic form of '' Ramesh is tall or he is short and handsome'' is
a) (p  ~ p)  q b) p  (~ p  q) c) p  (p  ~ q) d) ~ (~ p  q)
5. Let p: The question paper is easy, q: we will pass .Then the symbolic statement(~ p → ~ q) means
a) If the question paper is easy then we shall pass b) If the question paper is not easy then we shall not pass
c) The question paper is easy and we shall pass d) The question paper is easy or we shall pass
6. Let p:I am brave, q:I will climb the Mount Everest; the symbolic form of a statement,
‘I am brave is Necessary and sufficient condition to climb the Everest' is
a) p → q b) p  q c) ~ p → ~ q d) p ⟷ q
7. Lets s:Ramu is fat, r:Ramu is happy the symbolic form of the statement,
“It is not true that Ramu is not fat and not unhappy”
a) ~ (s  r) b) (~ s  r) c) ~ (~ s  r) d) ~ (~ s  ~ r)
8. If p:Raju is tall and q:Raju is intelligent, then the symbolic statement ~ p  q means
a) Raju is not tall or he is intelligent b) Raju is tall or he is intelligent
c) Raju is not tall and he is intelligent d) Raju is not tall implies he is intelligent
9. If A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, then which of the following is 'not' true?
a)  x  A such that x + 3 = 8 b)  x  A such that x + 2 < 5
c)  x  A such that x + 2 < 9 d) x  A such that x + 6 > 9
10. If A= {3, 5, 7, 9,11,12}, then which of the following is false?
a)  x  A such that x - 3 = 2 b)  x  A such that x - 10 = 1
c)  x  A such that x - 3 = 3 d)  x  A such that x - 8 = 1
11. If p, q, r, are statement with truth values T, F, F respectively then the truth value q → (p  r) is
a) T b) F c) Neither T nor F d) None
12. If p, q, r are statement with truth vales F, T, F respectively then the truth value of p → (q → r) is
a) F b) T c) T if p is true d) None
13. If the statement p, q, r have truth values T, F, T resp. then the truth value p ⟷ (q → r) is
a) T b) F c) T if p is false d) None
14. If p and q are true and r, s, are false statements then the truth value of ~ [(p  ~ r)  (~ q  s) ] is
a) T b) F c) F if p is true d) None
15. Given that p is ' False' And q is ' True' Then the statement which is ' False' is
a) ~ p → ~ q b) p → (q  p) c) p → ~ q d) q → ~ p
16. If p and q are simple propositions, then p ⟺ ~ q is true when
a) p is true and q is true b) both p and q are false c) p is false and q is true d) None of these

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17. If(p  q) and (p  q) are both true, then the truth values or p and q are respectively
a) T, F b) F, T c) F, F d) T, T
18. [J23] The statement B  (~A  B) is equivalent to
a) B  (A  B) b) A  (A  B) c) A  (~A  B) d) B  (~A  B)
19. [J20] The proposition p → ~ (p  ~ q) is equivalent to:
a) q b) (~ p)  q c) (~ p)  (~ q) d) (~ p)  q
20. 'p  (q  r) ≡ (p  q)  (p  r)', this rule is called
a) Commutative law b) Associative law c) Distributive law d) Idempotent law
21. If p is any statement, and statement f represented a contradiction then p  f =
a) T b) F c) p d) ~ p
22. If p is any statement, t is tautology and c is a contradiction, then which is incorrect?
a) p  (~ p) = c b) p  t = t c) p  t = p d) p  c = c
23. The dual of statement (p  q)  ~ q ≡ p  ~ q is
a) (p  q)  ~ q ≡ p  ~ q b) (p  q)  ~ q ≡ p  ~ q
c) (p  q)  ~ q ≡ p  ~ q d) (p  q)  ~ q ≡ p  q
24. The dual of statement (p  q)  ~ q is
a) (p  q)  q b) (p  q)  ~ q c) (p  q)  ~ q d) (p  q)  q
25. Which of the following statement is true
a) 2 + 5 = 7 or 5 + 4=9 c) 2 + 7=9 if and only if 3 + 4=8
b) If Bombay is in Maharashtra then London is in India. d) 8>10 and 5 + 3=9
26. [J20] Which one of the following is a tautology?
a) (p  (p → q)) → q b) q → p  (p → q) c) p  (p  q) d) p  (p  q)
27. [J22] Which of the following statement is a tautology?
a) ((~ q)  p)  q b) ((~ q)  p)  (p  (~ p))
c) ((~q)  p)  (p  (~ p)) d) (p  q)  (~(p  q))
28. [J21] Which of the following Boolean expression is a tautology ?
a) (p  q)  (p  q) b) (p  q)  (p → q) c) (p  q)  (p → q) d) (p  q) → (p → q)
29. [J20] The statement (p → (q → p)) → (p → (p  q)) is
a) a tautology b) equivalent to (p  q)  (~ p)
c) a contradiction d) equivalent to (p  q)  (~ q)
30. [J21] If P and Q are two statements, then which of the following compound statement is a tautology?
a) ((P ⇒ Q)  ∼ Q) ⇒ Q b) ((P ⇒ Q)  ∼ Q) ⇒ ~ P
c) ((P ⇒ Q)  ∼ Q) ⇒ P d) ((P ⇒ Q)  ∼ Q) ⇒ (P  Q)
31. [J20] Given the following two statements:
S1: (q  p) → (p  ~ q) is a tautology S2: ~ q  (~ p  q) is a fallacy
a) only (S1) is correct b) both (S1) and (S2) are correct
c) only (S2) is correct d) both (S1) and (S2) are not correct
32. [J21] For the statements p and q, (I) (∼ q  (p → q)) → ∼ p (II) ((p  q))  ∼ P) → P
Then which of the following statements is correct?
a) (I) is a tautology but not (II) b) (I) and (II) both are not tautologies
c) (I) and (II) both are tautologies d) (II) is a tautology but not (I)

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33. [J22] Let r  {p, q, ~p, ~q} be such that the logical statement r  ~p  (p  q)  r is a tautology. Then 'r' is equal to :
a) p b) q c) ~p d) ~q
34. [J21] If the Boolean expression (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (q ∗ (∼ p)) is a tautology, then the Boolean expression p ∗ (∼ q) is
equivalent to
a) q ⇒ p b) ~ q ⇒ p c) p ⇒ ~q d) p ⇒ q
35. [J21] If the Boolean expression (p ∧ q) ⊛ (p ⊗ q) is a tautology, then ⊛ and ⊗ are respectively given by
a) →, → b)  ,  c) , → d) , →
36. [J22] Let   {, , , }, such that (p  q)  (p  q)  q is a tautology. Then  is equal to :
a)  b)  c)  d) 
37. The proportion is (p → ~ q)  (~ p → q) is a
a) Tautology b) Contingency c) Contradiction d) None
38. The converse of the statement ' If a quadrilateral is a square then it is a rectangle.' is
a) If a quadrilateral is not a rectangle then it is not a square
b) If a quadrilateral is not a square then it is not a rectangle
c) If a quadrilateral is a rectangle then it is a square
d) If a quadrilateral is a square then it is a rectangle
39. The converse of the statement ' If I do not see a movie then I study well' is
a) If I see a movie then I do not study well b) If I study well then I do not see a movie
c) If I do not study well then I see movie d) If I see a movie then I study well
40. The inverse of the statement, ' If x is zero then we cannot divide by x' is
a) If we cannot divide by x, then x is zero b) If we can divide by x , then x is not zero
c) If x is not zero, then we divide by x d) If x is zero then we do not divide is x
41. The inverse of the statement, ' If cricket lovers are overjoyed then India has not lost the match' is
a) If India has not lost the match then cricket lovers are over joyed
b) If India has lost the match the cricket lovers are over joyed
c) If cricket lovers are not over joyed then the India has lost the match
d) None
42. The contrapositive of the statement, ' If there is flood then the crop will be destroyed' is
a) If the crop is destroyed then there will be flood. b) If the crop is not destroyed, then there will be no flood.
c) If there is no flood then the crop will not be destroyed. d) If there will be flood then the crop will be destroyed.
43. The contrapositive of a statement, ' If the teacher is present then the student run away', is
a) If the teacher is present then the student run away.
b) If the student are not run away then the teacher is not present.
c) If the student are not run away then the teacher is present
d) None
44. [J20] The contrapositive of the statement "If I reach the station in time, then I will catch the train" is:
a) If I will catch the train, then I reach the station in time
b) If I do not reach the station in time, then I will catch the train
c) If I do not reach the station in time, then I will not catch the train
d) If I will not catch the train, then I do not reach the station in time

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45. [J20] Contrapositive of the statement: 'If a function f is differentiable at a, then it is also continuous at a ', is :
a) If a function f is continuous at a, then it is differentiable at a.
b) If a function f is not continuous at a, then it is not differentiable at a.
c) If a function f is not continuous at a, then it is differentiable at a.
d) If a function f is continuous at a, then it is not differentiable at a.
46. [J17] [J19] Contrapositive of the statement: ‘If two numbers are not equal, then their squares are not equal’, is
a) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the numbers are equal.
b) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the numbers are not equal.
c) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the numbers are not equal.
d) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the numbers are equal.
47. [J16] The contrapositive of : "If the side of a square doubles, then its area increases four times", is
a) If the area of a square increases four times, then its side is not doubled.
b) If the area of a square increases four times, then its side is doubled.
c) If the area of a square does not increases four times, then its side is not doubled.
d) If the side of a square is not doubled, then its area does not increase four times.
48. [J19] The contrapositive of the statement "If you are born in India, then you are a citizen of India", is :
a) If you are not a citizen of India, then you are not born in India.
b) If you are a citizen of India, then you are born in India.
c) If you are born in India, then you are not a citizen of India.
d) If you are not born in India, then you are not a citizen of India.
49. Contrapositive of the statement “If two numbers are equal, then their squares are equal”. is :
a) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the numbers are equal.
b) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the numbers are not equal.
c) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the numbers are equal.
d) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the numbers are not equal.
50. The contrapositive of (p  q) → r is
a) r → (p  q) b) ~ r → ~ (p  q) c) ~ r → (~ p  ~ q) d) ~ (p  q) → ~ r
51. [J20] The negation of the Boolean expression p  (~ p  q) is equivalent to :
a) ~ p  q b) p  ~ q c) ~ p  ~ q d) ~ p  ~ q
52. [J22] The negation of the Boolean expression (~ q  p)  (~p  q) is logically equivalent to
a) p  q b) q  p c) ~ (p  q) d) ~ (q  p)
53. The negation of the statement (p  q) → (~ p  r) is
a) (p  q)  (p  ~ r) b) (p  q)  (p  ~ r) c) (p  q)  (p  ~ r) d) p  q
54. The negation of the statement p → (p  ~ q) is
a) p  (~ p  q) b) p → (~ p  q) c) p  (~ p  q) d) ~ p  (~ p  q)
55. The negation of the statement ' Mr. M will work and sleep' is
a) Mr. M will not work and sleep b) Mr. M will not work or sleep
c) Mr. M will work and not sleep d) Mr. M will not work or not sleep
56. Consider the following statements :
P : Suman is brilliant, Q : Suman is rich, R : Suman is honest
The negation of the statement “Suman is brilliant and dishonest if Suman is rich” can be expresses as :
a) ~P  (Q ↔ ~ R) b) ~ (Q ↔ (P  ~ R) ) c) ~ Q ↔ ~ (P  R) d) ~ (P  ~ R) ↔ Q

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57. The negation of the statement "For all M > 0, there exists xS such that x  M" ?
a) there exists M > 0, such that x < M for all x  S
b) there exists M > 0, there exists xS such that x  M
c) there exists M > 0, there exists xS such that x < M
d) there exists M > 0, such that x  M for all x  S
58. [J21] Consider the statement "The match will be played only if the weather is good and ground is not wet".
Select the correct negation from the following:
a) The match will not be played and weather is not good and ground is wet.
b) If the match will not be played, then either weather is not good or ground is wet.
c) The match will be played and weather is not good or ground is wet.
d) The match will not be played or weather is good and ground is not wet.
59. The symbolic form of logic of the following circuit is
a) (p  q)  ~ p
b) (p  q)  p
c) (p  q)  p
d) (q  p)  q

60. The symbolic form of logic of the following circuit is

a) (p  q)  (r  s) b) (p  q)  (r  s)
c) (p  q)  (r  s) d) (p  q)  (r  s)

Answers

1 c 2 c 3 d 4 b 5 b 6 d 7 d 8 a 9 d 10 c

11 a 12 b 13 a 14 b 15 a 16 c 17 d 18 b 19 d 20 c

21 c 22 a 23 a 24 b 25 a 26 a 27 c 28 d 29 a 30 b

31 d 32 c 33 c 34 a 35 a 36 c 37 b 38 c 39 b 40 c

41 c 42 b 43 b 44 d 45 b 46 a 47 c 48 a 49 c 50 b

51 d 52 c 53 c 54 a 55 d 56 b 57 a 58 c 59 a 60 c

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