1 More about Factorization of Polynomials

1.1 Review on Simple Factorization

Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Objective: Review the concept and basic techniques of factorization.

Key Points
We can factorize algebraic expressions by taking out common factors.
e.g. 4ax + 6xy = 2x(2a) + 2x(3y)  2x is the common factor of 4ax and 6xy.
= 2x(2a + 3y)

Factorize the following expressions. (1 – 6)

1. 10ab − 2bc ~ Example 1.1(a) 4. 16 st − 4 s 2 + 12 s
= =

2. 22 x 2 − 33 x 3 5. b(a − 4) + 3(a − 4)
= =

3. 12a 2b + 6a 2b 2 ~ Example 1.1(b) 6. x( y − 7) − 6(7 − y) ~ Example 1.2

= ~Example 1.1(a) =

Key Points
We can factorize algebraic expressions by the grouping terms method.
e.g. ax + ay + bx + by  a is the common factor of ax and ay, while b is the common factor of bx and by.
= a(x + y) + b(x + y)  x + y is the common factor of a(x + y) and b(x + y).
= (x + y)(a + b)

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 1 More about Factorization of Polynomials

Factorize the following expressions. (7 – 10)

7. 6 − 9m + 4n − 6mn ~ Example 1.3(a) 9. 10 x 2 − 7 y + 10 xy − 7 x ~ Example 1.3(b)

= =

8. 12a + 8ab + 6 + 4b ~ Example 1.3(c) 10. r 3 + 4r − 2r 2 s − 8s

= =

Key Points
We can factorize algebraic expressions by using identities.
(a) Difference of two squares
a2 – b2 ≡ (a + b)(a – b)
e.g. x2 – 16 = x2 – 42
= (x + 4)(x – 4)

(b) Perfect square

(i) a2 + 2ab + b2 ≡ (a + b)2 (ii) a2 – 2ab + b2 ≡ (a – b)2
e.g. x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 2(x)(3) + 32 e.g. 4x2 – 4x + 1 = (2x)2 – 2(2x)(1) + 12
= (x + 3)2 = (2x – 1)2

Factorize the following expressions. (11 – 16)

11. 9 x 2 − 100 ~ Example 1.4(a) 13. a 2 + 18ab + 81b 2 ~ Example 1.4(b)

= =

12. 121a 2 − 4b 2 14. 25 p 2 − 20 pq + 4q 2

= =

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 1 More about Factorization of Polynomials

15. 50 x 2 − 98 y 2 16. 48m 2 + 72mn + 27 n 2

= =

17. (a) Factorize 4 x2 − 20 x + 25 .

(b) Hence, factorize 4( p + 3) 2 − 20( p + 3) + 25 . ~ Example 1.5

Solution
(a)

(b)

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