Geothermal Power Plant

supported by
Geothermal Power Plant

Presented by Rahmatul Anggi Andini
01 Presentasi ini disusun untuk keperluan training
di acara EnerLite yang diadakan oleh Enerka
(PT. Enerka Bhumi Pratama) pada tanggal
DD MM YY melalui platform Zoom.
02 Beberapa informasi didalam presentasi ini

dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber yang
dapat ditemukan di bagian References
pada bagian akhir presentasi ini. Berbagai
opini yang dituangkan dalam slide deck ini
Disclaimer
merupakan opini pribadi penulis dan tidak
mewakili institusi manapun. Penulis tidak
bertanggung jawab atas penggunaan
materi ini untuk tujuan selain pelatihan dan
knowledge sharing.
03 Jika ada pertanyaan terkait materi presentasi

ini silahkan menghubungi langsung ke
penyusun materi melalui email:
xxx@mail.com
04 Penyebaran materi pelatihan ini hanya dapat

dilakukan dengan seijin PT Enerka Bhumi
Pratama.
ENERLITE TRAINING: GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT BY RAHMATUL ANGGI ANDINI
Profil Pembicara
Rahmatul Anggi A.
Educational Background Working Experiences
Bachelor’s Degree
Chemical Engineering
Get connected with the practitioner UPN Veteran Yogyakarta
Rahmatul Anggi Andini
3
OUTLINE
01 Geothermal Power Plant Introduction
02 Geothermal Power Plant Components
03 Geothermal Power Plant Design Considerations
04 Geothermal Power Plant Types and its Thermodynamic
05 Geothermal Power Plant Operation and Maintenance
06 Geothermal Power Plant Challenges
07 Geothermal Power Plant Hazards & Environmental Challenges
suppo rt e d by
4 ENERLITE TRAINING: GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT BY RAHMATUL ANGGI ANDINI
#GaliIlmuPraktisi
01
GPP Introduction
supported by
“We no longer accept proposals for new coal-fired power plants by 2023.
So, the (projects) that are in RUPTL now are ongoing projects”
Rida Mulyana
Director General of Electricity of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
(Source: https://petrominer.com/)
suppo rt e d by
POWER GENERATION
PLTU memiliki % terbanyak penyumbang listrik di Indo
Penyumbang NOx dan CO2
green energy tapi tidak renewable
Geothermal
paling reliable dari green

energy lain
(Source: https://folkestoneacademyscience.weebly.com/p1-generating-electricity.html)
suppo rt e d by
POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, &
DISTRIBUTION
400V
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation)
suppo rt e d by
STEAM POWER PLANT PROCESS
hidrotermal
(Source: https://energycentral.com/)
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org)
saturated steam 100%
suppo rt e d by
WHY GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT?
Environmentally friendly
Set as base load
Not dependent on the season/weather
Huge Potential 40% cadangan dunia ada di Indo
Sustainable as long as well managed

bisa bertahun2 dioperasikan selama ada management reservoir (well manage)
suppo rt e d by
air terperangkap di dalam tanah (oleh cap rock)
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY dipanaskan oleh hot rock, hot rock dipanaskan
magma, air dipanaskan hotrock
(source: GeoVision report by the U.S. DOE)

suppo rt e d by
GPP DEVELOPMENT STAGES
process engineer di exploration drilling : dia akan menilai data dari sub surface (feasibility study) untuk mengestimasi MW yg bisa
dihasilkan, sampai kapan, probability of success
Exploration Drilling:
- Deep Slim Hole sebelum bighole takutnya nihil.
- Standard hole
- Big Hole
- Cutting analysis
- Well test
Feasibility Study & Production Drilling:

Exploration - Big Hole Drilling
3G Survey: - Production well
- Geological - Injection well
Exploration - Well logging
- Geochemistry
Survey
- Geophysics
Survey
suppo rt e d by
GPP DEVELOPMENT STAGES
Jika tidak sesuai ekspektasi, dan ada probability, ada ambil holdtime..
SGS&PP Construction:
- Separator Area
- Piping
- Prime Mover & Generator
- Auxiliary equipment
- Substation & Grid line
- Etc.
Well test Operation & Maintenance: kontrak PLTP rata2 30

Completion test: - Power Generation
Tahun
- PTS Survey - Maintenance of Surface facility

- Self/non Self discharge equipment
- Productivity index - Reservoir Management
- Injectivity index - Chemical sampling & treatment
- Heating up test - Well Workover
- Etc. - Make up Well
dicek entalpi, kapasitas - Etc.
cost paling besar di GPP : (konvensional : turboexpander) turbin lah yg paling
besar costnya.
suppo rt e d by
GEOTHERMAL PROJECT COST VS RISK PROFILE
O&M geothermal rendah
tergantung jenis fluida
geothermalnya karena nanti
ngaruh ke butuh treatmentnya
seperti apa, terus butuh make up
well atau tidak
suppo rt e d by
GEOTHERMAL PROJECT COST BREAKDOWN
Representatif untuk yg menggunakan konsep konvensional GPP.
(source: geothermalcommunities.eu)
suppo rt e d by
FIRST GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATIONS IN THE WORLD
panas bumi pertama di Italy, untuk pabrik obat Larderello Field in Tuscani, Italy
(courtesy of Enel S.p.A, Archivio Fotografico)
suppo rt e d by
FIRST GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
1904  Lighting 5 bulb
masalah piston engine :

Piero Ginori Conti and his 15 kW geothermal steam piston engine in 1905 NCG tinggi, PH kuat, karat parah
(courtesy of Enel S.p.A, Archivio Fotografico) sehingga dikembangkan indirect.. scroll !
suppo rt e d by
INDIRECT CYCLE POWER PLANT
geothermal source
Schematic of first Binary Geothermal Power Plant 250 kW ,1914 in Larderello field (Di pippo, 2004)
suppo rt e d by
WORLDWIDE GPP INSTALLED CAPACITY
uap kering, ; kamojang, darajat
paling banyak di Dunia itu water dominated
uap kering
paling tinggi di negaranya dibanging pembangkit jenis lain
Top 10 Geothermal Countries Power Generation (source: ThinkGeoEnergy)
suppo rt e d by
#GaliIlmuPraktisi
02
GPP COMPONENTS
supported by
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT COMPONENTS
TG & Substation
SGS /SAGS
Steam gathering system
Power Plant Injection Well
Production Well
suppo rt e d by
tujuan belokan pipa, mengatasi pemuaian (Carbon steel)
Production and Separator Geofluid, Steam,

Injection Well Brine Line
suppo rt e d by
Scrubber
Vent Station Brine Pump
suppo rt e d by
maintenance cooling tower :
- sudut blade bisa berubah (angle) flow udara berkurang- harus diadjust
- fill : di sistem air-water direct contact, akan terbentuk sulfur deposit, kalo ada kotoran
perpindahn panas berkurang
- nozzle kalau kotor diganti karena blockage
-Louvers patah harus diganti, flownya nanti kecil
Turbine/Expander Cooling Tower/HE Generator
Types Silencer di PLTP???
suppo rt e d by
#GaliIlmuPraktisi
03
GPP Design
Considerations
supported by
POWER PLANT DESIGN CONSIDERATION
RESERVOIR CONDITION SURFACE CONDITION
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ENVIROMENTAL CONDITION
suppo rt e d by
RESERVOIR CONDITION
PRODUCTION & INJECTION WELL

CHARACTERISTIC:
- Flow
- Well Head Pressure
- Injection Capacity
- Decline characteristic
- Well pad Location
RESERVOIR ENTHALPY: CHEMISTRY CONTENT:

- High/Medium/Low - NCG (CO2, H2S, CO,
Enthalpy etc.)
- Water Dominated - Mineral (Silica, Calcite,
- Vapour dominated etc.)
- Capacity - TDS
suppo rt e d by
RESERVOIR CLASSIFICATION
The most common criterion to classify geothermal resources is
based on the enthalpy of the geothermal fluids.
The resources are divided into: low, medium and high enthalpy
(or temperature) resources.
Classification Reservoir Temperature Fluid Phase
High >220’C Water dom/Vapor dom/Dry
Intermediate 150-220’C Water dom/Vapor dom
Low <150’C Water dom
(Table source: Hochstein, 1988)
suppo rt e d by
STEAM-WATER TS DIAGRAM
(Source: Wikimedia.org)
suppo rt e d by
SURFACE CONDITION
• Power plant excavation requirements and soils
characteristics
• Equipment orientation
• Power Plant Area
• Gathering/injection system pipeline costs based
on preliminary line sizing
• Reinjection pumping costs
• Electrical transmission line costs
• Utility supply (including access to water)
• New access roads
• Existing infrastructure
• Etc.
suppo rt e d by
ENVIROMENTAL CONDITION
PRECIPITATION DATA (RAINFALL RATE)
DRY/WET BULB
TEMPERATURE, RH, etc.
ANEMOMETER DATA (WIND SPEED &
DIRECTION)
suppo rt e d by
#GaliIlmuPraktisi
04
GPP Technologies & Its

Thermodynamic
supported by
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT TYPES
Separation System Location
 Centralized
 Satellite
 Individual
Separation System
 Dry Power Plant System Turbine/Expander
 Single Flash Power Plant system  Condensing Steam Turbine
 Double flash power plant system  Backpressure Steam Turbine
 Triple flash power plant System
Power Plant Location Binary System

 Wellhead Power Plant
 Organic Rankine Cycle
 Central Power Plant
 Kalina Cycle
suppo rt e d by
GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION
WORLD WIDE
(Source: Einar Tjörvi Eliasson et al, 2010)
suppo rt e d by
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT TYPES BASE ON
LOCATION
Well Head Power Plant

Centralized Power Plant
suppo rt e d by
CENTRAL GPP VS WELL HEAD GPP
PARAMETERS CENTRAL POWER PLANT WELLHEAD POWER PLANT
SET UP PERIODS More than 2 years 3-6 month
FLEXIBILITY Cant be moved from one site to Easily relocated (containerized)

another site (permanent installation)
CUSTOMIZATION Not customized to specific well/ Customized to fit with requirements

requirements of the specific well
NUMBER OF WELLS Fed by multiple number wells Fed by 1 or 2 wells
START PER MW RATIO Healthy due to the economics of Poor due to the low capacities
scale they enjoy
OPERATING EFFICIENCY High Low
TOXIC GAS EXPOSURE Medium/Low High
PERSONIL REQUIRED FOR SAME Not require many operator to Require more personnels for each
NUMBER OF WELL PAD monitor and operate the PP wellpad
PIPING CONSTRUCTION - High cost for piping - Low cost of piping
- Long piping Length - Short Piping length
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
suppo rt e d by
CENTRAL GPP VS WELL HEAD GPP
PLTP Muara Labuh Apply Central GPP PLTP Sorik Marapi Apply Wellhead GPP
(Source: PT SEML) (Source: https://www.ksorka-sorikmarapi.com)
suppo rt e d by
GEOTHERMAL STEAM FIELD DESIGN
Centralized SGS Satellite SGS Individual SGS
(DiPippo, 2007)
suppo rt e d by
SINGLE FLASH STEAM POWER PLANT
Selection Factors
 Geofluids type is two phase and vapor/water dominated
 Employ single pressure production well
 Fluid characteristic (Acidity, salinity, chemistry concentration,
etc.)
 Mass flow
 Economic
 Etc.
(PFD source: Valdimarsson, 2011)
suppo rt e d by
SINGLE FLASH STEAM POWER PLANT T-S DIAGRAM
(Diagram source: Valdimarsson, 2011)
suppo rt e d by
DOUBLE FLASH STEAM POWER PLANT
Selection Factors
 Geofluids type is two phase and Water dominated
 There is multi pressure production well
Characteristics
 Fluid characteristic (Acidity, salinity, chemistry
concentration, etc.)
 O&M: Not complicated and less man powers
 Economic
 Etc.
DF pertama di Indo di Muara laboh lalau yg kedua rantau dedap
suppo rt e d by
DOUBLE FLASH STEAM POWER PLANT T-S DIAGRAM
suppo rt e d by
CONDENSING STEAM TURBINE SYSTEM
W = m (H1-H2)
Advantages:
 It increases the efficiency of the power plant due to
increased enthalpy drop
 Partial condensed steam can be reinjected to injection
well to balance reservoir
(PFD Source: Naoko Yamaguchi,

2010)
suppo rt e d by
PLTP WAYANG WINDU PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
(PFD Source: Naoko Yamaguchi, 2010)

suppo rt e d by
PLTP WAYANG WINDU
Source: https://www.starenergygeothermal.co.id/)
suppo rt e d by
PLTP MUARA LABUH PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
WELLPAD ML-H
LEGEND
WELLPAD ML-D
HP Two Phase Line
LP Two Phase Line
NCG Line
ML-H1 FLASH HP Steam
TANK LP Steam
Enthalpy range: 1045 - 1051 kJ/kg
Mass flow: 51 - 67 kg/s ML-D1 HP Brine
ML-D2 LP Brine
EDV EDV Condensate
WELLPAD ML-B
HP Sep
WELLPAD ML-A PCV
P 4.5 bara
P 9.1 bara PCV ML-B1

LP Sep
HP Sep
ML-A1
ML-A2
FCV Condensate
ML-A3
ACW Reinjection
ML-A4
System Pump
Enthalpy range: 1134 – 2785 kJ/kg
Mass flow each well: various Gross Output @p.f. 0.85 Cooling Tower
STG 85.26 MW ACWP
NCG
Removal
P 8.5 bara
F 123 kg/s
HP Scrub
P 0.07 bara
ROCK MUFFLER
HWP
P 4 bara
LP Scrub F 26 kg/s
ROCK MUFFLER
(PFD Source: PT SEML)
suppo rt e d by
PLTP MUARA LABUH
(Source: PT SEML)
suppo rt e d by
PLTP MUARA LABUH
(Source: PT SEML)
suppo rt e d by
PLTP MUARA LABUH
(Source: PT SEML)
suppo rt e d by
BACKPRESSURE TURBINE POWER PLANT
suppo rt e d by
BACKPRESSURE TURBINE POWER PLANT
Advantages:
 Exhaust pressure of the steam turbine is just above
atmospheric pressure
 No need complicated GRS system/ Vacuum system
 No air ingress into the vacuum stages of a condensing steam
turbine
 Less stages, especially eliminating the last stages of a
condensing steam turbine which have very long blades
 Less moisture at the exhaust which reduces erosion and
increases turbine efficiency
 Suitable with high resource and low demand
suppo rt e d by
BINARY POWER PLANT
ORC system
(Organic Rankine Cycle)
(PFD source: Valdimarsson,

2011)
suppo rt e d by
BINARY POWER PLANT T-S DIAGRAM
suppo rt e d by
BINARY POWER PLANT HE TEMPERATURE PROFILE
suppo rt e d by
BINARY POWER PLANT
Advantages:
 Utilization of Latent and Sensible Heat
 Utilize more energy and able to employ medium/low
enthalpy geofluid
 Moisture-Free Turbine
 More reliable with multi units
Considerations:
 Medium/ Low enthalpy
 Safety, Health, & Environment
 Chemical content
 Geofluid Temperature
 Working fluid
 Area
 Mass Flow
(source: Exergy.com)
suppo rt e d by
COMBINED CYCLE SYSTEM
suppo rt e d by
PLTP SARULLA PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
COMBINE CYLCE SYSTEM
(PFD Source: Nir Wolf, Amnon Gabbay, 2015)
suppo rt e d by
PLTP SARULLA FLOW DIAGRAM
(PFD Source: Nir Wolf, Amnon Gabbay, 2015)
suppo rt e d by
PLTP SARULLA FLOW DIAGRAM
(Pic Source: Nir Wolf, Amnon Gabbay, 2015)

suppo rt e d by
PLTP SARULLA
(Pic Source: Sarullaoperations.com)

suppo rt e d by
WHAT IS THE BEST GPP TYPE ?
Some Factors that affecting GPP type selection:
 Reservoir characteristic (Enthalpy, Pressure,
Chemical/Mineral content, pH, Salinity, TDS, etc.)
 Capacity (Mass flow, Pressure, etc.)
 Efficiency
 Operation & Maintenance (Developer
Preference)
 Area/Location
 HSE (Health, Safety, & Environment)
 Economic (IRR, ROI, Profit, etc.)
 Etc.
suppo rt e d by
#GaliIlmuPraktisi
05
GPP Operation &

Maintenance
supported by
SUBSURFACE TEAM SURFACE FACILITY TEAM
 GEOLOGY  POWER PLANT OPERATION

 GEOCHEMISTRY  POWER PLANT MAINTENANCE
 GEOPHYSIC  POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
 RESERVOIR
 WELL TEST
suppo rt e d by
DOUBLE FLASH GPP WORKING PRINCIPLE
WELLPAD ML-H
LEGEND
WELLPAD ML-D
HP Two Phase Line
LP Two Phase Line
NCG Line
ML-H1 FLASH HP Steam
TANK LP Steam
Enthalpy range: 1045 - 1051 kJ/kg
Mass flow: 51 - 67 kg/s ML-D1 HP Brine
ML-D2 LP Brine
EDV EDV Condensate
WELLPAD ML-B
HP Sep
WELLPAD ML-A PCV
P 4.5 bara
P 9.1 bara PCV ML-B1

LP Sep
HP Sep
ML-A1
ML-A2
FCV Condensate
ML-A3
ACW Reinjection
ML-A4
System Pump
Enthalpy range: 1134 – 2785 kJ/kg
Mass flow each well: various Gross Output @p.f. 0.85 Cooling Tower
STG 85.26 MW ACWP
NCG
Removal
P 8.5 bara
F 123 kg/s
HP Scrub
P 0.07 bara
ROCK MUFFLER
HWP
P 4 bara
LP Scrub F 26 kg/s
ROCK MUFFLER
(Pic Source: SEML)
suppo rt e d by
ORC WORKING PRINCIPLE
(Pic Source: Angel Fernando MP, 2013)
suppo rt e d by
GPP OPERATION MONITORING & OPERATING
(PFD Source: Naoko Yamaguchi, 2010)
suppo rt e d by
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
SUBSURFACE TEAM ACTIVITIES SURFACE TEAM ACTIVITIES
• Reservoir/well monitoring • Operating all surface facilities

• Collecting MEQ Data • Monitor all parameters
• Manifestation sampling • Routine equipment operation test
• Well Operation Management • Patrol to all working area (Steam field
• Well performance analysis and PP)
• Workover (mechanical reaming) • Perform routine Preventive maintenance
• Planning for resource development to all equipment
• Etc. • Taking sampling of brine, steam, Ground
water, condensate waste, etc.
• Planned outage/Shut down
• Etc.
suppo rt e d by
OPERATION ACTIVITIES
• Start-up and Shut Down GPP: To • Start-up Well: Production well, Reinjection well, Artesian
• Monitor all facilities and its parameters in normal range and non artesian well (Non artesian well stimulation:
to ensure GPP running well: Production well, Injection coordinate with 3rd Party)
Well, Power Plant, Electrical Switchgear/Substation • Analyse and troubleshoot GPP problem
(Pressure, Temperature, pH, Current, Voltage, etc.)
suppo rt e d by
GPP OPERATION ESSENTIAL PARAMETER
Pressure: Flow:
- Steam Pressure - Brine Flow
- Brine pressure - Steam Flow
- Organic fluid pressure - Two phase flow
- WHP - Organic fluid flow
- CW pressure - NGC flow
- Abnormal flow (Slug flow)
Temperature:
- Steam temperature Purity & Quality:
- Brine temperature Biological & Chemical - Steam quality
- Condensate content: pH: - Organic fluid quality
temperature - CW content - Brine PH
- NCG content - Condensate pH
- TDS, etc. - Steam condensate pH
suppo rt e d by
GPP OPERATION MONITORING & OPERATING
suppo rt e d by
GPP OPERATION
MONITORING &
OPERATING
suppo rt e d by
MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
• Perform Corrective Maintenance: Cleaning,
• Major/Minor Overhaul: Routine shutdown to inspect all
Dismantling, Part Replacement,
facilities (turbine, Separator, Piping, etc.)
• Routine Preventive Maintenance to the regular and
• Condition & Monitoring: Vibration data and analysis,
routine maintenance of equipment and assets in order
Thermal inspection, etc.
to keep them running and prevent any costly
• Etc.
unplanned downtime from unexpected equipment
failure. Greasing, Tightening, Part replacement, etc.
suppo rt e d by
CHEMIST ACTIVITIES
• Steam Condensate Sampling: To check purity and quality of

steam that will be introduced to Turbine/Expander
• Brine Sampling: To check Brine TDS, Mineral
content/concentration , pH, etc.
• Tracer Flow Test (TFT): To measure flow of two phase flow
• Reinjection Tracer Test: To confirm brine/condensate
reinjection loss and back to reservoir
• Manifestation sampling: To check and confirm any change of
manifestation characteristics due to GPP operation
• Etc.
suppo rt e d by
STEAM PURITY AND QUALITY TARGET
(Data Source:Fuji Electric SEML)
suppo rt e d by
WELL TEST ACTIVITIES
• Caliper Survey: To check any change of casing diameter due to
scaling/corrosion, Casing damage, etc.
• Downhole PT/PTS Survey: To measure flow of two phase flow
• Chemical sampling: To confirm brine/condensate reinjection loss and
back to reservoir
• Corrosion/Scaling Coupon: To check scaling and corrosion rate
• WHP and WHT monitor
• Start up Well
• Workover, etc.
suppo rt e d by
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
Caliper surveys:
WHP & WHT: - To inspect casing
- Surface and downhole condition
monitoring - To detect scaling in
wellbore
- To detect corrosion
damage
Production well flow:

- Continuous monitoring
flow transmitter Reservoir/Well
- TFT (intermittently) Monitoring
- Lip pressure Chemical sample:
- Twophase/steam/brine
Downhole temperature & sampling
pressure survey: Corrosion & Scaling - NCG sampling
- 1-2 times a year coupon monitoring: - 1-2 times a year
- Either shut in/ flowing - Monitoring scaling rate
- Monitoring corrosion
rate
suppo rt e d by
#GaliIlmuPraktisi
06
GPP Challenges
supported by
GPP OPERATION CHALLENGES
 Scaling
 Erosion
 Corrosion PH fluida kerja nya dibawah 5.. jarang yg 7
 Bad cooling water quality (ada alga/lumut, sulfur)
 Decreasing Production Well Capacity
 Insufficient Injection Well Capacity
 Reservoir Management
 Highly Acid Geofluid
 High NCG content
 Slug flow lebih prefer pake satelit untuk memisahkan dulu cair dan uap, takut pipa jebol, elbow rusak
 Error Electrical & Instrument equipment
 Etc.
suppo rt e d by
SCALING
CALCITE SCALING SILICA SCALING SULPHUR DEPOSITS
(Pic Source: Lawson Rebecca et al., 2014)
suppo rt e d by
SURFACE FACILITY SILICA SCALING & ITS POINTS
Heat Exchanger Steam Turbine
Di Dieng silikanya banyak karena T tinggi 300oC,

senang ada high entalpy, tapi ga senang karena
silika terlarut di T tinggi
Separator &
SILICA SCALING Brine Injection Line
Two phase line
Amorphous Silica ada juga kuarsa (kelarutan lebih padat, lebih ditemukan
(Surface Facility) pada reservoar T tinggi di kedalaman)
suppo rt e d by
SILICA SCALING ON STEAM TURBINE BLADE, VALVE, &
STEAM TRAP
Steam Turbine Blade Steam & Brine Valves Steam Trap

- Unstable Power Generation - Stuck valve
- Clogged Steam Trap
- Lower Power Generation - Catastrophic failure
- Moisture accumulated in steam
- Restricted Steam flow - Process disturbance
line
(Pic Source: Lawson Rebecca et al., 2014) (Pic Source: https://www.klinger-international.com/)
suppo rt e d by
SILICA SCALING PREVENTION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
Prevention/Minimizing Scaling Scrubber
rate
 Using Scrubbing water injection system
 Condensate drain pot installation
 Install demister
 Stroking valve routinely (isolation valve,
governor valve, Main Stop valve)
 Optimize Separator Performance
 Maintain Steam purity
(Pic Source:Budi N. Arifien & Sadiq J. Zarrouk ., 2015)
+
steam strainer mengatur purity dan quality steam
suppo rt e d by
Troubleshooting
 Blade Wash system ketika unit beroperasi
 Sand blasting (outage period)
 Hit using special hammer (Valve
stuck) ketika unit operated
 Dismantling valve and brushed
cleaning
(Pic Source: https://indusclean.com/)
suppo rt e d by
SILICA SCALING IN BRINE INJECTION SYSTEM
& HE TUBES
(Pic Source: SEML personal collection) (Pic Source: Lawson Rebecca et al., 2014)
Brine Injection system Heat Exchanger Tubes

- Restricted brine flow - Lower Power Generation
- Reduce injection well capacity - Restricted Steam flow
- Lower power generation (sumur ditutup) - Lower Heat transfer rate
(Pic Source: Guido Geovani, 1995)
suppo rt e d by
Prevention/Minimizing
Scaling rate
 Acid Dosing (pH <<)
 Silica scaling inhibitor
 Maintain temperature above SSI
temperature
 Cold Injection
dieng silicanya 900-1000 ppm jadi beberapa pake cold injection
suppo rt e d by
85
(Source: Wikimedia.org)
suppo rt e d by
86
Troubleshooting
 Acidizing harus digabung corrosion inhibitor
 Mechanical reaming using drill bit
 High Pressure water jetting
 Broaching
 Roto Jet Water
 Mechanical cleaning (Tube, Pipe)
 Special Chemical Injection (Pic Source: Gloria Gladis, 2018)
suppo rt e d by
SILICA SCALING
Things that affecting Amorphous Silica Solubility:
 Silica Concentration from geofluid
 pH
 Temperature
 Salinity
Concentration of Geofluid Silica

SSI = Concentration from Fournier Diagram/Calculated
SSI > 1 indicates over saturated silica concentration

SSI = 1 Silica concentration saturated
SSI < 1 indicates under saturated (Scaling not occurred)
suppo rt e d by
SILICA SCALING
Silica solubility vs salt concentration (Salinity)

(Source: Béchir Hamrouni, Mahmoud Dhahbi,
2001)
(Source: Fournier. 1985)
suppo rt e d by
SILICA SCALING
Silica concentration vs Temperature

(Source: Fournier, R.O. and Rowe, J.J. 1977) Silica solubility vs pH
(Source: Iler, 1979)
suppo rt e d by
CALCITE (CACO3)
Production Well
lebih lembut dari silica scaling. silika seperti keramik. keras
(Pic Source: C. Baujard et al, 2017)
suppo rt e d by
CALCITE
PH
CO2
Concentration semakin rendah T, semakin terlarut. kebalikan silika.

sehingga jarang di surface dan di injeksi ada dia
Temperature
(Pic Source: C. Baujard et al, 2017)
suppo rt e d by
CALCITE SCALING
Prevention/Minimizing
Scaling rate
 Acidizing
 Scaling inhibitor
 Install submersible pump
Rotating Jet
Broaching
(Pic Source: Patricia Jacobo et al, 2012)
suppo rt e d by
CALCITE SCALING
Troubleshooting
 Acidizing
 Mechanical reaming
 Tube cleaning
 Roto Jet Water
 Broaching
suppo rt e d by
OTHER CHALLENGES
Corrosion & Erosion
Found on: steam, Two phase, brine Insufficient Injection Well
line, Blade, etc.
Capacity
Caused by: condensate form in
Caused by: Improper reservoir
steam line, pH << 7, Low steam
management, Scaling, improper
quality, etc.
plan design, Improper operation,
Causing: steam trap clogging, blade etc.
erosion, reduce pipe thickness
Control: maintain pH and
Control: Maintain pH and temperature of brine, Chemical
temperature treatment, etc.
Troubleshoot: Cleaning, pipe Troubleshoot: install pump,
replacement, coating, etc. workover
Sulphur Deposit
Production Well Rapid
System: Condensing steam Decline
turbine w/ direct contact
Condenser Caused by: Improper reservoir
management, Scaling, over
Formed in: Condensate line, CT exploitation, etc.
nozzle, filler
Control: adequate exploitation as per
Causing: restricted flow resource, inject inhibitor, proper well
selection, understand reservoir
Control: Inject sulfur dispersant characteristics
Troubleshoot: Brush Cleaning Troubleshoot: Workover, make up well

(Pic Source: SEML Personal Collection) drilling, etc.
suppo rt e d by
07
GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANT HAZARDS &
ENVIROMENTAL
IMPACTS
Pic Source: scitechdaily.com
suppo rt e d by
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT HAZARDS
Landslide Extreme Cold Weather
Mountain Eruption Wild Animal
Toxic gas Emission (H2S, Storm/Strong Wind

CO, etc.)
suppo rt e d by
Toxic gas Emission (H2S, CO, etc.)
Safety Pre-Caution: Exposure Time Limit:

- H2S detector • - Time Weighted Average”
- Multi-gas Detector (TWA) up to 10 ppm = no
more than 8 hours per day
• - Short Term Exposure
Limit” (STEL) up to 15 ppm
= Max of 4 exposures per 8
hours, but not more than
Mitigation: 15 minutes each.
- Using Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA, BA)
- Avoid low point area
- Understand
evacuation route by
Wind sock direction
- NCG release during
day and shiny weather
suppo rt e d by
suppo rt e d by
Mountain Eruption
suppo rt e d by
Landslide
Landslide in Wayang Windu field, Pengalengan, West Java, 2015

(Source:TEMPO/Aditya Herlambang Putra)
suppo rt e d by
Wild Animal
Leopard was crossing GPP pipe in Salak field, West Java, 2004 (Source:https://hermanlantang.blogspot.com/)
suppo rt e d by
Extreme weather
Cold temperature resulted to frost in Dieng highland

(Source:Sampetono MPA BBTNBTS)
suppo rt e d by
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
Chemical Pollution: Waste Gas pollution:

- Thermal pond - CO2, H2S, CO, etc.
- Special pond to be - Small quantity release,
reinjected to well disperse to atmospheric
- Solid disposal
treatment
Ecological Fauna & Flora:

- Strict Policy Noise pollution:
- Biodiversity - Silencer
- Land replacement Thermal pollution: - Rock muffler
- Drainage management
system
suppo rt e d by
CONTACT
ME
Trainer name
xxx@mail.com
Trainer’s linkedin
105
Catch
on social media
Instagram Youtube
@enerklaz enerklaz
LinkedIn Telegram
Enerka EnerKlaz Channel
www.enerklaz.com
OUR
www.geoenergis.com
PARTNER
Geoenergis is an end-to-end
energy consulting company
that can provide services and
assistance to your energy
project needs.
Geoenergis
Sharing Expertise, Building Relationship
info@geoenergis.com
Geoenergis
107
3G SURVEY
(source: Laporan Penelitian Geosains & Pemboran Lapangan

(Manifestation survey at SERD, source: PT Panasbumi Muaralaboh,PT SEML, 2014)
SERD)
Objective:
- To Know Heat source - Permeability of reservoir
- Size of reservoir - Reservoir position
- Characteristic of reservoir fluid - etc BACK
Continue or not?
suppo rt e d by
PRODUCTION DRILLING
Drilling objective:
• to access the resource for
exploitation
• to confirm existence of the
resource
• obtain data for resource
assessment
• provide adequate steam
for the power plant
ML H Drilling phase (source: PT SEML)

BACK
suppo rt e d by
EXPLORATION DRILLING PHASE
POS > 55%
(source: PT SEML) BACK
suppo rt e d by
WELL COMPLETION TEST
Well Completion Test:

- PTS survey
- Heating up test
- Casing Condition Survey
- Water pumping to injection well test
- Flowing Test (TFT, Lip pressure)
- RTT
- Etc.
The “Completion Tests’ provides for the collection

of data which characterizes the well, the forma-
tions surrounding the well, and the geothermal
resource into which the well has been drilled, Capacity,
Well interconnection, Well operation method.
Wellpad H, Muara Labuh Field. (source: PT SEML)
BACK
suppo rt e d by
GPP CONSTRUCTION &
COMMISSIONING PROJECT
Steam Gathering
System
Turbine Generator &

its auxiliaries
Piping system
Grid Substation & (Crosscountry line,
Transmission Line twophase line, etc.)
Muara Laboh geothermal power plant commissioning phase, West Sumatra Indonesia, (source: PT SEML)
BACK
suppo rt e d by
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Source: Personal collection

Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant in Indonesia (Source: Fuji PT SEML)
BACK
suppo rt e d by
Jobdesc seorang Supervisor operation??
Skill apa saja yg perlu, hardskill dan softskills ??
Software yg dipakai?
suppo rt e d by

Geothermal Power Plant

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Geothermal Power Plant

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Geothermal Power Plant

02 Beberapa informasi didalam presentasi ini

03 Jika ada pertanyaan terkait materi presentasi

04 Penyebaran materi pelatihan ini hanya dapat

Rahmatul Anggi Andini

02 Geothermal Power Plant Components

03 Geothermal Power Plant Design Considerations

04 Geothermal Power Plant Types and its Thermodynamic

05 Geothermal Power Plant Operation and Maintenance

06 Geothermal Power Plant Challenges

07 Geothermal Power Plant Hazards & Environmental Challenges

green energy tapi tidak renewable

paling reliable dari green

saturated steam 100%

Sustainable as long as well managed

(source: GeoVision report by the U.S. DOE)

Feasibility Study & Production Drilling:

Well test Operation & Maintenance: kontrak PLTP rata2 30

- PTS Survey - Maintenance of Surface facility

1904  Lighting 5 bulb

masalah piston engine :

uap kering, ; kamojang, darajat

paling banyak di Dunia itu water dominated

Top 10 Geothermal Countries Power Generation (source: ThinkGeoEnergy)

tujuan belokan pipa, mengatasi pemuaian (Carbon steel)

Production and Separator Geofluid, Steam,

Turbine/Expander Cooling Tower/HE Generator

Types Silencer di PLTP???

PRODUCTION & INJECTION WELL

RESERVOIR ENTHALPY: CHEMISTRY CONTENT:

Classification Reservoir Temperature Fluid Phase

High >220’C Water dom/Vapor dom/Dry

Intermediate 150-220’C Water dom/Vapor dom

Low <150’C Water dom

(Table source: Hochstein, 1988)

PRECIPITATION DATA (RAINFALL RATE)

GPP Technologies & Its

Power Plant Location Binary System

(Source: Einar Tjörvi Eliasson et al, 2010)

Well Head Power Plant

SET UP PERIODS More than 2 years 3-6 month

FLEXIBILITY Cant be moved from one site to Easily relocated (containerized)

CUSTOMIZATION Not customized to specific well/ Customized to fit with requirements

NUMBER OF WELLS Fed by multiple number wells Fed by 1 or 2 wells

OPERATING EFFICIENCY High Low

TOXIC GAS EXPOSURE Medium/Low High

(Source: PT SEML) (Source: https://www.ksorka-sorikmarapi.com)

Centralized SGS Satellite SGS Individual SGS

(PFD source: Valdimarsson, 2011)

(Diagram source: Valdimarsson, 2011)

DF pertama di Indo di Muara laboh lalau yg kedua rantau dedap

(PFD source: Valdimarsson, 2011)

(Diagram source: Valdimarsson, 2011)

(PFD Source: Naoko Yamaguchi,

(PFD Source: Naoko Yamaguchi, 2010)

WELLPAD ML-A PCV

P 9.1 bara PCV ML-B1

(PFD Source: PT SEML)

(PFD source: Valdimarsson, 2011)

(PFD source: Valdimarsson,

(Diagram source: Valdimarsson, 2011)

(Diagram source: Valdimarsson, 2011)