CHAPTER NO 07 “STANDARDS OF STEEL USED IN STEEL MAKING”

Course Title: MECH-353 (Tool and Mould Design) – Mechanical 3rd Year
Teacher Name: Kamran Ghafoor
Learning outcomes: After completing this chapter students may able to know about
 Introduction to Steel Standards
 SAE, AISI, DIN, and BS Standards.
INTRODUCTION:-
The early 1940’s witnessed the development of a coding system for the classification of
different types of steels. Designers, heat treaters, draftsmen, and engineers were able to obtain
specific information on the types of steel along with its grades. The coding system is known for
its efficient classification of steels as it uses the standards from the American Iron and Steel
Institute (A.I.S.I.), Society of Automotive Engineers (S.A.E.), DIN – Deutsches Institut für
Normung and BS – British Standards.

Alloy steels and carbon steels for a number of years were designated with specific grades by a
four-digit SAE/AISE numerical index system. Grades for alloy steels and carbon steels were
identified by this system based on standard chemical compositions.

AISI American iron and steel institute:-

The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) is an association of North American steel producers.
Since 1855 AISI was one of the oldest trade associations in the United States. AISI assumed its
present form in 1908, with Elbert H. Gary, chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, as
its first president.

Its development was in response to the need for a cooperative agency in the iron and steel
industry for collecting and spread statistics and information, carrying on investigations,
providing a forum for the discussion of problems and advancing the interests of the industry.

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers:-

The SAE steel grades system is a standard alloy numbering systems for steel grades maintained
by SAE International. In the 1930s and 1940s the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and
SAE were both involved in efforts to standardize such a numbering system for steels. These
efforts were similar and overlapped significantly. For several decades the systems were united
into a joint system designated the AISI/SAE steel grades. Today steel quotes and certifications
commonly make reference to both SAE and AISI. For example, in the alloy/grade field, a cert
might say "4140", "AISI 4140", or "SAE 4140".

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 CHAPTER NO 07 “STANDARDS OF STEEL USED IN STEEL MAKING”

The first digit of AISI/SAE Steel Designation represents a general category grouping of steels.
This means that 1xxx groups within the SAE-AISI system represent carbon steels. Because of the
variations in some of the fundamental properties among the carbon steels, they are further
divided into four classes. Thus the plain carbon steels are represented within the 10xx series
containing a maximum of 1.00% Mn, resulfurized carbon steels are represented within the 11xx
series, resulfurized and rephosphorized carbon steels are represented within the 12xx series,
and non-resulfurized high-manganese (up-to 1.65%) carbon steels are represented in 15xx
series.

 SAE 1018 indicates non-modified carbon steel containing 0.18% of carbon.

 SAE 5130 indicates a chromium alloy steel containing 1% of chromium and 0.30% of
carbon.

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 CHAPTER NO 07 “STANDARDS OF STEEL USED IN STEEL MAKING”

An additional letter is sometimes added between the second and third digits of the code groups
such as 11L41, 12L14 or 50B40. The letter L indicates the addition of lead (between 0.15% and
0.35%) to improve the machinability of the steel. The letter B indicates the addition of boron
(between 0.0005% and 0.003%) to low carbon steels to enhance the hardness of the steel.

DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung:-

Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardization)
is the German national organization for standardization and is the German ISO member body.
DIN is a Registered German Association (e.V.) headquartered in Berlin. There are currently
around thirty thousand DIN Standards, covering nearly every field of technology.

Founded in 1917 as the Normenausschuß der deutschen Industrie (NADI, “Standardisation

Committee of German Industry”). In 1975 it was renamed again to Deutsches Institut für
Normung, or ‘DIN’ and is recognized by the German government as the official national-
standards body, representing German interests at the international and European levels.

BS – British Standards:-
British Standards (BS) are the standards produced by BSI Group which is incorporated under a
Royal Charter (and which is formally designated as the National Standards Body (NSB) for the
UK).The BSI Group produces British Standards under the authority of the Charter, which lays
down as one of the BSI’s objectives.

Products and services which BSI certifies as having met the requirements of specific standards
within designated schemes are awarded.

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