‫ال َّس َالمُ عَلَ ْي ُْك َو َر ْ َْحةُ هُ‬

‫للا َوبَ َر ََكت ُه‬

• Name : Ayat Abdelhady Ali.

• Level: 3

• Faculty of Science , Ain Shams

University .

• Biotechnology.
Introduction
of cell biology
=Cytology = cellular biology.
• Definition of cell biology .
What is a cell ?
All living things are
composed of one or
more cells.
 Organisms

Unicellular Multicellular
• Living things made up of • Living things made up of
a single cell . multiple cells.

• Single cell perform all • Specialized cells perform

life functions (eat , different life functions.( I.e.
reproduce, move). Nerve cells)

• Ex: Bacteria, amoeba , • Ex: Humans , plant , Dog ,

Euglena. cat .
Cell diversity :
• Cells within the same organism show diversity in size , shape
, and internal organization.

• Cell size : Cells range in size from one micrometer to one

millimeter .
Cell shape : Cell forms varied between
different parts of the organism. This
diversity depends on its function.
Cell theory : Scientific theory first formulated in the mid –
nineteenth century,It has 3 main points:

1) All living things are made up to cells.

2) Cells are the basic building blocks of life.

3) All cells come from pre existing cells created through

the process of cell division.
Microscope
s
A microscope : is a laboratory
instrument used to examine objects
that are too small to be seen by the
naked eye.

Microscopy: is the science of

investigating small objects and
structures using a microscope.
Microscopic means being invisible
to the eye unless aided by a
microscope.
 • Types of microscopes :

Electron
Light microscope. Phase-contrast Fluorescence microscope.
microscope. microscope.
 1. Light microscope.

●Source of light:
▪ Day light .
▪ Electric light.

● lenses are glasses.

▪ocular lense .
▪ objective lenses .
 1. Objective
lenses .

2. Occular lenses .

■Total magnification = Magnifying power of the objective lense × Magnifying power of ocular lens
Phase- contrast microscope:

⊙Use : for unstained living

histological specimen.
 .
3 Fluorescence microscope
•Lightsource : ultraviolet
light.

•Stain : Fluorescent stain.

•Idea : Absorb light at one

Wavelength and emit light
at a specific and longer
wavelength .
.Electron microscope.
Illuminating System: electron
beam.
Two types:

Transmission Scanning electron

electron microscope microscope
"TEM" "SEM"
Transmission electron microscope :
◇ It gives details about the cellular and intercellular structures.

◇ An electron gun at the top of a TEM emits electrons.

◇ An electromagnetic lens focuses the electrons into a very fine

beam.

◇ This beam then passes through a very thin specimen .

◇Another electromagnetic lenses form and magnify the image .

◇The final image is viewed on the Fluorescent screen .

◇It gives two dimensional images.

 Mitochondria by
TEM TEM.
 •Scanning electron
microscope :

◇It gives three dimensional images .

◇ Get a 3 D image of the surface of the specimen .

◇Image formed on Fluorescent screen similar to TV

screen .
 Human Red blood
Pollen grains . cell .
• The main organelles in cell are as
follows:
 ‫ه‬
ُ‫احلَ ْمد َّّلِل‬
Thanks !
Does anyone have any questions?