CH3 stoichiometry

Lesson plan
1. Mole ( number of particles)
2. Mass of particles
3. Volume of particles
4. Concentration
5. Empirical and molecular formula
Why do we learn mole?
Mole
- Definition of mole: the unit of amount of substance and that one mole contains
6.02 × 10^23particles, e.g. atoms, ions, molecules
- Avogadro constant: 6.02 × 10^23
- Example:
- 1 mol of 12C atoms = 6.02 x 1023 12C atoms
- 1 mol of H2O molecules = 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules
= 18.06 x 1023 H2O atoms

- Molar mass: A mole of any substance has a mass in gram numerically equal
to its molar mass
- Example:
Mass of 1 mol of 12C atoms =12g
Mass of 1 mol of H2O molecules=18g
Mass of particles
1. Relative atomic mass

Average mass of the isotopes of an element

compared to 1⁄12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

average mass of one atom of an element

Ar =
1 x mass of one atom of 12C
12
2. relative molecular mass, Mr

sum of the relative atomic masses

3. Relative formula mass, Mr

used for ionic compounds

Volume of particles( mole and volume of gases)
- One mole of any gases takes up 24dm3 at room temperature and pressure,
r.t.p.
- 1dm^3 = 1000cm^3
Concentration

- The concentration of an aqueous solution may be expressed either

as:
- mass of solute per dm3 of solution (g dm-3)
- mol of solute per dm3 of solution (mol dm-3)
- Conversion between two concentration units:
Empirical and molecular formula
- Molecular formula: number and type of different atoms in one molecule
- Empirical formula: simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions
in a compound
Name of compounds
FeCl2 = KNO3 =
FeCl3 =
CaCO3 =
CaBr2 =

Hydroxide =
Carbonate =
Hydrogencarbonate =
Nitrate =
Sulfate =
Ammonium ion =
Finding formula of covalent compound

- Ex: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen chloride

Finding formula of ionic compound

- Ex: aluminium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium iodide

- Ex: sodium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, calcium hydrogencarbonate

Chemical equation
1. Word equation
2. Balanced symbol equation

- Ex: hydrogen + oxygen -> water

- Ex: calcium + oxygen -> calcium oxide

1. .

2.
3. Ionic equation

- Simplified equation for reaction involving ionic substances: only ions that take
part in equation are shown
- Ex:
- Ex:
Calculate reacting masses in simple proportions
- Calculations will not involve the mole concept
Working out chemical formula from given mass
- Ex: 0.24g of Mg reacts with 0.16g of O , what is the formula of resulting
compound?
Finding empirical and molecular formula
Water of crystallisation formula
- Water is included in structure of certain salt as they

crystallise
Finding formula of hydrated salt
- The mass of water present in crystals of hydrated salts is always a fixed
proportion of the total mass
- Ex:
overview
Finding mass from mole
- Limiting reagent: reactant that is not excess, reactant that is taken account in
reacting ratio
- Excess reagent: reactant that is not taken into account in reacting ratio
- Ex:
Percentage yield

Percentage purity=
Percentage composition by mass
- Percentage of each element in a compound
- Ex: NH4NO3
- How much of nitrogen elements are in this compound?