UNDERS TA N DI N G

SIGMUND F RE U D’ S ID
EGO AND S UP E RE GO
AND THE PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY

Discussant: John Miranda

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define and differentiate Explain how these Analyze real-life

between Freud's concepts concepts influence human examples to illustrate
of the Id, Ego, and behavior. the functioning of the
Superego. Id, Ego, and Superego.
 WH A T IS T H E
IM PO R T A NC E O F
UND ER S T A ND I N G
HUMA N B E H AV I O R
AND
PER S ON A L I TY ?
 WHO IS
SIGMUND FREUD
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an
Austrian neurologist and the
founder of psychoanalysis, a
groundbreaking field of
psychology and a significant
influence on the development of
modern psychology and psychiatry.
Freud's work revolutionized our
understanding of the human mind
and behavior.
 THE ID
The id is the most primitive
and instinctual part of the
mind.
It operates on the pleasure
principle, seeking immediate
gratification of basic
biological and psychological
needs and desires, such as
hunger, thirst, sexual
pleasure, and avoidance of
pain.
 THE ID
The id is impulsive, irrational,
and primarily unconscious, meaning
it operates without conscious
thought or consideration of
consequences.

It contains our innate,

instinctual drives and operates
without regard for social norms,
morality, or reality.
 EGO
The ego is the rational and
conscious part of the mind that
develops to mediate between the
demands of the id and the
constraints of reality.

It operates on the reality

principle, taking into account
external circumstances, societal
norms, and the potential
consequences of actions.
 EGO
The ego seeks to find a balance
between the desires of the id and
the limitations of the external
world, making decisions that are
both realistic and satisfying.

It helps individuals adapt to the

demands of the external world
while also trying to satisfy the
id's desires in an acceptable and
socially appropriate manner.
THE SUPEREGO
The superego is the moral and
ethical component of the mind that
develops as a result of societal
and parental influences, typically
during childhood.

It contains the internalized

values, morals, and ethical
standards of society and one's
culture.
THE SUPEREGO
The superego serves as a person's
conscience, enforcing moral and
ethical principles and guiding
behavior toward socially
acceptable and morally right
actions.
It can generate feelings of guilt
and shame when an individual's
actions or desires conflict with
its standards.
In Freud's model, these three components
are in constant interaction, and their
dynamic interplay influences an
individual's thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors. It's important to note that
Freud believed that much of this
interplay occurs at an unconscious
level, meaning individuals are often not
aware of the forces driving their
actions and feelings. Psychoanalysis,
the therapeutic approach developed by
Freud, aims to bring unconscious
conflicts and desires into conscious
awareness to help individuals gain
insight and potentially address
psychological issues.
 ORAL STAGE
(0-18 MONTHS)

The oral stage is the first stage of

development, focusing on the mouth as the
primary erogenous zone.

Infants derive pleasure from activities

such as sucking, biting, and mouthing
objects.
 ORAL STAGE
(0-18 MONTHS)

Key developmental tasks include weaning from

breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, which can
lead to fixation or unresolved conflicts if
not managed successfully. Fixation may
manifest as issues with dependency or oral
fixation in adulthood, such as overeating or
smoking.
ANAL STAGE
(18 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS)

The focus of pleasure shifts to the

anal region as children begin to
control their bowel and bladder
functions. Toilet training is a
central experience in this stage.
ANAL STAGE
(18 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS)

The primary conflict is toilet

training, which can lead to
feelings of autonomy and pride if
successfully accomplished, or shame
and doubt if handled poorly.
PHALLIC STAGE
(3 TO 6 YEARS)
This stage centers on the
development of the genitals as the
primary erogenous zone. Freud
introduced the concepts of the
Oedipus complex (for boys) and the
Electra complex (for girls) to
explain the dynamics. Children
experience sexual desires for their
opposite-sex parent and rivalry
with their same-sex parent.
LATENCY STAGE
(6 YEARS TO PUBERTY)

In this stage, sexual desires are

repressed, and children focus on
social and intellectual
development.

Children typically form same-sex

friendships and engage in
activities such as sports,
schoolwork, and hobbies.
GENITAL STAGE
(PUBERTY ONWARD)

Settling down in a loving

one-to-one relationship with
another.
Well-adjusted, mature, able
to love. Sexual Instinct is
directed to heterosexual
pleasure.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!