GENERAL BIOLOGY

John Ernest S. Solis 12 - STEM Tabor

HISTORY OF MICROSCOPE: CELL DISCOVERY:

Romans Robert Hooke

- Made the magnifying glass in the 1st - Named the “cells” which means
century AD (Anno Domini) small room that looks like a
honeycomb
Zacharias Janssen & Hans Janseen - First person to discover cells in a
- Son and father relationship dead cork tree
- Made the early microscope - He didn’t know if the cell is alive or
not
Galileo
- Developed a compound microscope
with a convex and concave lens

Anton van leeuwenhoek

- Seller of cloth
- “Father of microbiology”
- First person to discover living cells
which he called “Animalcules”
- He was able to observe that sperm
and egg are fusing together to create
new generations of cells

Giovanni Faber
- Named the “Microscope”
Mathia Schleiden FIVE CONTRIBUTORS TO CELL
- He said that all plants tissues are THEORY:
composed of all cells
- Botanist 1. Robert Hooke
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Theodor Schwann 3. Mathia Schleiden
- He said that both plants and animals 4. Theodor Schwann
are composed of cells 5. Rudolf Virchow

Rudof Virchow Unicellular

- He said that all cells come from - Compose of 1 cell
pre-existing cells
Multicellular
CELL THEORY: - Compose of 2 or more cells

Cell theories: CELL TYPES:

1. The cell is the basic structural unit of
life. Epithelial cells
2. All organisms are made up of one or - They cover the interior of hollow
more cells. organs like blood vessels or digestive
3. Cells came from other pre-existing organs or else form the surface of
cells through cellular division. things.
- Tissue
MODERN CELL THEORY: - Cover and protection
4. Cells carry genetic material passed to
daughter cells during cellular
division.
5. All cells are essentially the same in
chemical composition.
6. Energy flow (metabolism and
biochemistry) occurs with cells.
Nerve cells
- Specialized for communication
- They send signals from the brain to
muscles and glands that control their
functions.
- Neuron
Connective cells
- Provide structural strength to the
body and also defend against foreign
invaders like bacteria.
There are 200 cell types inside our body.

CELL FUNCTIONS:

Major types of cells:

Prokaryotic
- Single-celled organisms belonging to
Muscle cells
the domain of Bacteria.
- Specialized for contraction
- Cardiac muscle (heart)
Eukaryotic
- Skeletal muscle
- Any cell or organism that possesses a
- Smooth muscle
clearly defined nucleus.

Present in both animal and plant cells:

Plasma membrane:

Structure: bilayer or lipids fats and proteins

Function: Selective permeable allows
liquids; regulates the entry and exit of
materials in the cell
- Protection
Permeability
- Refers to the ability of matter to
move across a boundary.
 Cytoplasm

Structure: Jelly-like material inside the cell

Function: Mast organelles float within

Nucleus

Structure: Spherical Body

Function: The control center of the cell
Cell membrane
- Present in both animal and plant cell Robert Brown
- First person to discover nucleus
Animal cell
- Plasma membrane Cell nucleus anatomy:

Plant cell
- Cell wall

Three major sections of the cell:

- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Plasma membrane
- Nuclear pore
- Nuclear envelope
- Nucleolus
- Nucleoplasm