Answer

1. (c) W = F.s = (5ˆi + 3 ˆj).(2ˆi − ˆj) = 10 – 3 = 7 J

dx
2. (a) v = = 3 − 8 t + 3t 2
dt
 v0 = 3 m / s and v 4 = 19 m /s
1
W= m(v42 − v02 ) (According to work energy theorem)
2
1
=  0 .03  (19 2 − 3 2 ) = 5 .28 J
2

3. (a) W = F.(r2 − r1 ) = (4ˆi + ˆj + 3kˆ )(11ˆi + 11ˆj + 15 kˆ )

W = 44 + 11 + 45 = 100 Joule

4. (c) W = (3ˆi + cˆj + 2kˆ ).(−4ˆi + 2 ˆj + 3 kˆ ) = 6 J

W = −12 + 2 c + 6 = 6  c = 6

5. (b) Fraction of length of the chain hanging from the table

1 60 cm 3 10
= = =  n=
n 200 cm 10 3
Work done in pulling the chain on the table
mgL
W=
2n 2
L/
4  10  2 n
= = 3 .6 J
2  (10 /3)2

6. (c) When a force of constant magnitude which is perpendicular to the velocity of particle acts on a particle,
work done is zero and hence change in kinetic energy is zero.

1 1
= k (x 22 − x12 ) =  10[(0 .25 )2 − (0 .20 )2 ]
7. (a) P.E. 2 2
= 5  0 .45  0 .05 = 0 .1 J
1 2
8. a) kS = 10 J (given in the problem)
2
1
2
 1
k (2 S )2 − (S )2 = 3  kS 2 = 3 × 10 = 30 J
2
F2 U k
9. (c) U =  1 = 2 (if force are same)
2k U 2 k1
U1 3000 2
 = =
U 2 1500 1
F 10
k= = = 10 4 N / m
10. (d) Here x 1  10 − 3
1 2 1
W = kx =  10 4  (40  10 − 3 )2 = 8 J
2 2
5 5
11. (d) W = 
0

Fdx = (7 − 2 x + 3 x 2 ) dx = [7 x − x 2 + x 3 ]50
0

= 35 – 25 + 125 = 135 J
 t3
12. (d) S =  dS = t 2 dt
3
d 2S d 2  t3  2
a= =   = 2 t m /s
dt 2 dt 2  3 
2 2
Now work done by the force W =  F.dS =  ma .dS
0 0

  = 24 J
2 2
3 4 2
 3  2t  t dt =  6 t 3 dt =
2
t 0
0 0 2

1 2
W= kx
13. (b) 2
If both wires are stretched through same distance then W  k . As k 2 = 2k1 so W2 = 2W1

1 1
W= k (x 22 − x 12 ) =  5  10 3 (10 2 − 5 2 )  10 − 4
14. (c) 2 2
= 18 .75 J

15. (a) The kinetic energy of mass is converted into potential energy of a spring
1 1 mv 2 0 . 5  (1 .5 )2
mv 2 = kx 2  x = = = 0 . 15 m
2 2 k 50

16. (a) This condition is applicable for simple harmonic motion. As particle moves from mean position to extreme
1
position its potential energy increases according to expression U = kx 2 and accordingly kinetic energy
2
decreases.

2 dU
17. (b) U = A − Bx  F = − = 2 Bx  F  x
dx

dU
18. (d) Condition for stable equilibrium F = − =0
dx
d  a b 
 − − = 0  − 12ax −13 + 6bx −7 = 0
dx  x 12 x 6 

12 a 6b 2a 2a
 =  = x6  x = 6
x 13 x7 b b

19. (a) Let initial kinetic energy, E1 = E

Final kinetic energy, E 2 = E + 300 % of E = 4E

P2 E2 4E
As P  E  = = = 2  P2 = 2P1
P1 E1 E
 P2 = P1 + 100 % of P1
i.e. Momentum will increase by 100%.
20. (d) If h is the common height when they are connected, by conservation of mass
A1 h1 + A 2 h2 = h( A1 + A 2 )
h = (h1 + h2 )/2 [as A1 = A 2 = A given]
As (h1/2) and (h2/2) are heights of initial centre of gravity of liquid in two vessels., the initial potential
energy of the system
h1 h (h 2 + h 22 )
U i = (h1 A  )g + (h 2 A  ) 2 =gA 1 ...(i)
2 2 2
When vessels are connected the height of centre of gravity of liquid in each vessel will be h/2,
(h + h 2 )
i.e. ( 1 [as h = (h1 + h 2 )/2]
4
Final potential energy of the system
 (h + h2 )   h + h2 
UF =  1 A  g 1 
 2   4 
 (h + h2 )2 
= A g  1  …(ii)
 4 
Work done by gravity
1
W = U i − U f = gA[2(h12 + h22 ) − (h1 + h2 )2 ]
4
1
= gA(h1 ~ h2 )2
4

21. (a)

m h
V M
m
By the conservation of linear momentum
Initial momentum of sphere
= Final momentum of system
mV = (m + M )v sys. …(i)
If the system rises up to height h then by the conservation of energy
1 2
(m + M )v sys. = (m + M )gh …(ii)
2
 v sys. = 2 gh
Substituting this value in equation (i)
m + M 
V =  2 gh
 m 

22. (c) Let m = mass of boy, M = mass of man

v = velocity of boy, V = velocity of man
1 1 1 
MV 2 =  mv 2  …..(i)
2 2 2 
1 1 
M (V + 1) 2 = 1 mv 2  …..(ii)
2 2 
M 1
Putting m = and solving V =
2 2 −1
20. (d) If h is the common height when they are connected, by conservation of mass
A1 h1 + A 2 h2 = h( A1 + A 2 )
h = (h1 + h2 )/2 [as A1 = A 2 = A given]
As (h1/2) and (h2/2) are heights of initial centre of gravity of liquid in two vessels., the initial potential
energy of the system
h1 h (h 2 + h 22 )
U i = (h1 A  )g + (h 2 A  ) 2 =gA 1 ...(i)
2 2 2
When vessels are connected the height of centre of gravity of liquid in each vessel will be h/2,
(h + h 2 )
i.e. ( 1 [as h = (h1 + h 2 )/2]
4
Final potential energy of the system
 (h + h2 )   h + h2 
UF =  1 A  g 1 
 2   4 
 (h + h2 )2 
= A g  1  …(ii)
 4 
Work done by gravity
1
W = U i − U f = gA[2(h12 + h22 ) − (h1 + h2 )2 ]
4
1
= gA(h1 ~ h2 )2
4

21. (a)

m h
V M
m
By the conservation of linear momentum
Initial momentum of sphere
= Final momentum of system
mV = (m + M )v sys. …(i)
If the system rises up to height h then by the conservation of energy
1 2
(m + M )v sys. = (m + M )gh …(ii)
2
 v sys. = 2 gh
Substituting this value in equation (i)
m + M 
V =  2 gh
 m 

22. (c) Let m = mass of boy, M = mass of man

v = velocity of boy, V = velocity of man
1 1 1 
MV 2 =  mv 2  …..(i)
2 2 2 
1 1 
M (V + 1) 2 = 1 mv 2  …..(ii)
2 2 
M 1
Putting m = and solving V =
2 2 −1
23. (a)
v

C A B
m m m

Initial momentum of the system (block C) = mv

After striking with A, the block C comes to rest and now both block A and B moves with velocity V, when
compression in spring is maximum.
By the law of conservation of linear momentum
v
mv = (m + m) V  V =
2
By the law of conservation of energy
K.E. of block C = K.E. of system + P.E. of system
1 1 1
mv 2 = (2m ) V 2 + kx 2
2 2 2
2
1 1 v 1
 mv 2 = (2m )   + kx 2
2 2 2 2
1
 kx 2 = mv 2
2

m
 x =v
2k

24. (b) Change in gravitational potential energy

= Elastic potential energy stored in compressed spring
1
 mg (h + x ) = kx 2
2
25. (c)

v
100 m 30 m 20 m
Ball starts from the top of a hill which is 100 m high and finally rolls down to a horizontal base which is 20
1
m above the ground so from the conservation of energy mg (h1 − h2 ) = mv 2
2
 v = 2 g(h1 − h2 ) = 2  10  (100 − 20)

= 1600 = 40 m/s .

26. (c) When block of mass M collides with the spring its kinetic energy gets converted into elastic potential energy
of the spring.
From the law of conservation of energy
1 1 K
Mv 2 = KL2  v = L
2 2 M
Where v is the velocity of block by which it collides with spring. So, its maximum momentum
K
P = Mv = M L = MK L
M
After collision the block will rebound with same linear momentum.
 m 
27. (a) P =   gh = 100  10  100 = 10 5 W = 100 kW
 t 
mgh 200  10  200
28. (a) p= = = 40 kW
t 10

29. (d)

L/
3

MgL MgL MgL

W = = = (n = 3 given)
2n 2 2(3) 2 18

30. (c) At time t1 the velocity of ball will be maximum and it goes on decreasing with respect to time.
At the highest point of path its velocity becomes zero, then it increases but direction is reversed
This explanation match with graph (c).

31. (a) Work done = area between the graph and position axis
W = 10  1 + 20  1 − 20  1 + 10  1 = 20 erg

1 1
32. (d) Initial K.E. of the body = mv 2 =  25  4 = 50 J
2 2
Work done against resistive force
= Area between F-x graph
1
=  4  20 = 40 J
2
Final K.E. = Initial K.E. – Work done against resistive force
= 50 − 40 = 10 J

33. (d) Area between curve and displacement axis

1
=  (12 + 4 )  10 = 80 J
2
1
In this time body acquire kinetic energy = mv 2
2
by the law of conservation of energy
1
mv 2 = 80 J
2
1
  0 . 1  v 2 = 80
2
 v2 = 1600
 v = 40 m/s

34. (a)
35. (d)

36. (a)

37. (a)

Work
38. (b) Power P =
Time
Work done by both will be same.
P t 20 4
Hence, 1 = 2 = =
P2 t1 15 3

mgh 100 10 10

39. (b) Power used to pump the water = =
t 5
= 2000 W
100
Power of engine = 2000  = 3.3kW
60

40. (b) If a liquid of density  is flowing through a pipe of cross section A at speed V, the
mass coming out per second will be
 dm 
  = AV
 dt 
In order to get n times water in the same time, we get
 dm   dm 
 ' = n 
 dt   dt 
i.e., A'V'' = nAV
But as pipe and liquid are same, ' = , A' = A
V' = NV,
 dm  ndm
V '  nV
F'
= 
dt = dt = n 2
So
F  dm   dm 
V  V 
 dt   dt 
2
or F' = n F
P ' F'V ' (n 2 F)(nV)
= = or P' = n3P
P FV FV
41. (c) Total gravitational energy gained is work done + energy released by the spring = W
+E

dv
42. (c) P = Fv = m v
dt
dv P
or v =
dt m
dv dx P
or v =
dx dt m
dv P P
or v2 = or v 2dv = dx
dx m m
1/ 3
v3 Px  3xP 
On integration, we get = or v =  
3 m  m 

43. (c) From work-energy theorem,

KE = Wnet or Kf – Ki =  Pdt
2
1 3 
Or mv 2 − 0 =   t 2  dt
2 0
2 
2
t3
Or v =
2
or v = 2 ms-1
2 0

44. (a) From work-energy theorem,

1
W = KE = Kf – Ki = m(vf2 − vi2 )
2
1
= × 2[(-20)2 – (10)2] = 300 J
2

45. (a) Decrease in height: h =14 - 7 = 7m

Also KE at C = Loss in PE = mgh = 140J

1
46. (b) Given that K = as2 or mv2 = as2
2
or mv2 = 2as2
Differentiating w.r.t. time, we get
dv ds
m2 v  = 2a  2s 
dt dt
 ds
But =v
dt
dv dv
So 2m = 4as or m = 2as
dt dt
dv
v Now, m = tangential force = Ft
dt
Ft = 2as
mv 2 2as 2
Centripetal force = Fr = =
R R
2
 2as 2 
Fnet = F + F = (2as) + 
t
2
r
2 2

 R 
s2
= 2as 1 +
R2

v2
47. (c) a c = = k2rt2 or v = krt
r
1 1
KE = mv2 = mk 2 r 2 t 2
2 2
By work-energy theorem,
1
W = K = mk2r2t2 – 0
2
dW
P= = mk 2 r 2 t
dt
dv
Alternative method : a t = = kr
dt
Power is given by tangential force only. So,
power = Ftv = matv = mk2r2t

48. Sol. Answer (3)

49. Sol. Answer (3)

50. Sol. Answer (2)

51. Sol. Answer (4)

52. Sol. Answer (1)

53. Sol. Answer (3)

54. Sol. Answer (1)

55. Sol. Answer (2)

56. Sol. Answer (1)

57. Sol. Answer (2)

58. Sol. Answer (2)

59. Sol. Answer (4)

60. Sol. Answer (1)

61. Sol. Answer (3)

62. (c) A B
vA vB
0.2kg 0.4kg

 
Initial linear momentum of system = m A v A + m B v B
= 0.2 × 0.3 + 0.4 × vB
Finally both balls come to rest
 final linear momentum = 0
By the law of conservation of linear momenum
0.2 × 0.3 + 0.4 × vB = 0
0.2  0.3
 vB = − = −0 .15 m /s
0 .4
63. (c) For a collision between two identical perfectly elastic particles of equal mass, velocities after collision get
interchanged.
64. (b) Y

mv
u


X
O
Momentum of ball (mass m) before explosion at the highest point = mv ˆi = mu cos 60 ˆi
1ˆ
= m  200  i = 100 m ˆi kgms −1
2
Y
100m/s

100m/s
X
O of third part after explosion is V
Let the velocity
  
After explosion momentum of system = P1 + P2 + P3
m m m
=  100 ˆj −  100 ˆj +  Vˆi
3 3 3
By comparing momentum of system before and after the explosion
m m m
 100 ˆj −  100 ˆj + Vˆi = 100 mˆi  V = 300 m /s
3 3 3

65. (a)
m M
u1=6m/s u2=4m/s

 m − m2  2m 2 u 2
v1 =  1  u1 +

m
 1 + m 2  m 1 + m2

Substituting m1 = 0, v1 = −u1 + 2u 2
 v1 = − 6 + 2(4 ) = 2m/s
i.e. the lighter particle will move in original direction with the speed of 2 m/s.

v1= 0
v v2
66. (d) m m/4 3m/4

Before explosion After explosion

According to conservation of momentum

m   3m  4
mv =   v 1 +   v2  v2 = v
4
   4  3
67. (d) v2=–5m/s
v1=+3m/s
m1 m2

As m 1 = m 2 therefore after elastic collision velocities of masses get interchanged

i.e. velocity of mass m 1 = −5 m /s
and velocity of mass m 2 = +3 m /s
 h2
68. (b) If ball falls from height h1 and bounces back up to height h 2 then e =
h1

h1
v1 h2

v2 v2
Similarly if the velocity of ball before and after collision are v 1 and v 2 respectively then e =
v1

v2 h2 1 .8 9 3
So = = = =
v1 h1 5 25 5

v2 3 2
i.e. fractional loss in velocity = 1 − =1− =
v1 5 5

69. (a) hn = he 2 n after third collision h 3 = he 6 [as n = 3]

70. (a) Let mass A moves with velocity v and collides inelastically with mass B, which is at rest.

A m

A v B
m m

At rest
According to problem mass A moves inma perpendicular direction and let the mass B moves at angle  with
B V
the horizontal with velocity v.
Initial horizontal momentum of system
(before collision) = mv ....(i)
Final horizontal momentum of system
(after collision) = mV cos ....(ii)
From the conservation of horizontal linear momentum mv = mV cos  v = V cos ...(iii)
Initial vertical momentum of system (before collision) is zero.
mv
Final vertical momentum of system − mV sin 
3
mv v
From the conservation of vertical linear momentum − mV sin  = 0  = V sin 
3 3
...(iv)
By solving (iii) and (iv)
v2
v2 + = V 2 (sin 2  + cos 2  )
3
4v 2 2
 = V2  V = v.
3 3

71. (b) v = 36 km /h = 10 m /s
By law of conservation of momentum
2  10 = (2 + 3) V  V = 4 m /s
1 1
Loss in K.E. =  2  (10 )2 −  5  (4 )2 = 60 J
2 2
 
72. (d) Initial momentum = P = mv ˆi + mvˆj

| P | = 2 mv
Final momentum = 2m  V
By the law of conservation of momentum
v
2m  V = 2 mv  V =
2
10
In the problem v = 10 m /s (given)  V = = 5 2 m /s
2

73. Sol. Answer (4)

74. Sol. Answer (4)

75. Sol. Answer (2)

76. Sol. Answer (4)

77. Sol. Answer (2)

78. Sol. Answer (3)

79. Sol. Answer (3)

80. Sol. Answer (4)

81. Sol. Answer (4)

82. Sol. Answer (2)