22nd JUNE 2023

THE BISHOP’S CO-ED SCHOOL, UNDRI

CLASS VIII

DC-5 : BIOLOGY

CHAPTER 2. REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

1
 MICROPHONE TO BE MUTED.
CAMERAS TO BE PUT OFF.

NO DISTRACTION IN THE FORM OF

CHATS OR EMOTICONS.

IF PROBLEMS WITH VIEWING OF THE DC, YOU MAY USE THE ‘RAISE
YOUR HAND’ OPTION OR PUT A CHAT TO THE ORGANIZER ONLY.

DURING THE DOUBT CLEARING SESSION YOU MAY USE THE

‘RAISE YOUR HAND’ OPTION AND SPEAK ONLY WHEN YOU ARE
ASKED TO.

MAINTAIN DISCIPLINE ELSE STRICT ACTION

WILL BE TAKEN.

2
 PLEASE NOTE…….
The link to this DC Presentation powerpoint file is available
under the ‘Posts’ of the ‘BIOLOGY’ channel .

The same file is also available at the following location

‘General channel’ -> ‘Files’ tab -> ‘Class materials’->
‘BIOLOGY’ folder -> DC Presentation

The above presentation file may be referred to by you if

there is any problem with the relay of the visuals.

3
 IN THIS SESSION

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

POLLINATION

AGENTS OF POLLINATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF INSECT, WIND AND WATER

POLLINATED FLOWERS

4
 Reproduction in Plants
Natural
• Vegetative Propagation
Artificial

Spore Formation
• Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission
(Uni-parental method)
Fragmentation
Budding

• Sexual Reproduction Male Gamete

(Bi-parental method) Zygote
Female Gamete 5
• Flower is the reproductive part of the plant.

• It bears both male and female gamete.

• It forms fruits and seeds after fertilisation.

6
7
 Structure of a Flower

Four main whorls of a flower are :-

1. Calyx

2. Corolla

3. Androecium

4. Gynoecium

8
 STALK OF A FLOWER
• Flower is attached to the shoot by a stalk or pedicel.
• Tip of the stalk is enlarged and slightly flattened
where petals and other parts arise.
• This flattened part of the stalk is called the
thalamus.

9
 Whorls of a Flower : CALYX
• Outermost whorl of the flower.
• Individual green leaf like structures are the SEPALS.

Functions :-
1. It carries out photosynthesis.
2. Protects the inner whorls of the flower, especially in the
bud condition.

10
 Whorls of a Flower : COROLLA
• Second whorl from outside.
• Individual members are called PETALS.
• Are large, fragrant and brightly coloured parts of the
flower.

Functions :-
1. Bright coloured petals attract the pollinating agents.
2. Protect the inner whorls of the flower.
11
 Whorls of a Flower :
ANDROECIUM

• Third whorl from outside.

• Individual members are STAMENS.

• Each stamen consists of a slender and elongated stalk

called FILAMENT and a sac like bilobed ANTHER at the tip.

• The anther lobe contains 4 pollen sacs that have pollen grains
within.
• Male gametes are formed from the nucleus of the pollen grains.
Function :-
1. Since male gametes are formed here it helps in reproduction.
12
 Whorls of a Flower :
GYNOECIUM
• Innermost whorl.
• Individual member is CARPEL or PISTIL.
• Each pistil is divided into three parts :
a swollen ovary, thread likestyle and a sticky
stigma at the top.
• The ovary contains ovules.
• The egg or ova i.e. the female gamete is present inside the
ovules.

Function :-
1. Ovary bears female gamete and helps in reproduction.
13
 OVULES

• They are small, rounded bodies present inside the ovary.

• Each ovule contains an egg cell which later develops into a
seed after fertilization.

14
• Androecium and gynoecium are the ESSENTIAL whorls of the
flower since they directly help in the process of reproduction.

• Calyx and corolla are the ACCESORY whorls as they help in

the process of pollination.

15
 FLOWERS
BISEXUAL FLOWERS UNISEXUAL FLOWERS
• Flowers bearing both • Flowers bear either
male and female parts. male(staminate) or
• Hibiscus, rose female(pistilate) parts.
• Papaya, watermelon

16
FUNCTIONS OF A FLOWER

• It is the reproductive organ

of a plant.
• It contains male parts
(stamens) and female part
(carpels/pistil).
• The pollen grains from the
male part are transferred
to the female part of the
the flower.
• This transfer of pollen from
anther to stigma is called
pollination.

17
 Steps in Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction in plants involves the

following steps :-
1. Pollination

2. Fertilisation

3. Formation of fruits and seeds

18
 POLLINATION

• Pollination is the process in

which pollen grains from the
anthers are transferred to
the stigma of a flower of the
same species.

19
 POLLINATION
SELF POLLINATION CROSS POLLINATION
• Occurs within the same • Occurs between two
flower or between two flowers on different
flowers on the same plants of the same
plant.
species.

20
21
 Pollination by Insects
• Pollination brought about by insects like bees, wasps,
butterflies etc, when they visit the flower to collect nectar.

Characteristics of insect pollinated flowers :-

1. Usually large and brightly coloured petals

2. They are scented.

3. They contain nectar as food.

4. Pollen grains are sticky.

Eg: Marigold, Dahlia and Salvia

22
 Pollination by Wind
Characteristics of wind pollinated flowers:

1. Small and are of dull colours.

2. Anthers are usually feathery and hangs out of the flower

3. They produce a large quantity of pollen.

4. The pollen grains are light so that they are carried easily.

Eg: Maize, Palm, Pine, etc.

23
 Pollination by Water
Characteristics of water pollinated flowers:

1. Flowers are small and light.

2. Male and female flowers are borne on separate plants.

3. Pollen grains are produced in large numbers.

4. Vallisneria has male and female flowers on separate plants. The

male flowers float in the water till they meet the female flowers

Eg: Vallisneria

24
25
 RECAPITULATION
1. Sexual reproduction is a BI-PARENTAL process that involves
two parents i.e a male and a female. The male and the
female gametes fuse to form a ZYGOTE.

2. FLOWER is the REPRODUCTIVE PART of the plant which

produces male and female gametes.

3. Pollination is the first step in sexual reproduction. It is the

process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the
androecium to the stigma of the gynoecium.

4. (Self pollination) and (Cross pollination) are the different

types of pollinations.

5. Insects, birds, wind and water are the different agents of

pollination.

26
 ASSIGNMENT
NAME THE FOLLOWING:

1. The four whorls of a flower.

2. This part attaches the flower to the shoot.
3. The flattened part of the stalk.
4. The outermost whorl of a flower.
5. This whorl is made up of petals.
6. The male reproductive part of the flower.
7. The female reproductive part of the
flower.
8. Small, rounded bodies that are present
inside the ovary.
9. Flowers bearing both male and female
parts.
10. Flowers bearing only male or female
parts.

27
 ASSIGNMENT
Q1. State characteristics of the following
flowers:
a. Insect pollinated flowers
b. Wind pollinated flowers
c. Water pollinated flowers

Q2. Draw neat labelled diagrams of the

following in your notebook:
a. Fig 2.8 - A typical flower with its internal
parts
b. Fig 2.12 - Flow chart showing fertilization

28
ASSIGNMENT NO. 5 FOR DC-5

The link to Assignment file is available under the ‘Posts’ of the

‘Biology’ channel .

The same file is also available within your team at the following
location
‘General’ channel -> ‘Files’ tab -> ‘Class materials’ folder->
‘Biology’ folder -> ASSIGNMENTS folder

The above Assignment has to be neatly done in the Biology

notebook.
29
30