Answer sheet for Biology-G12 worksheet

1. Natural resources are materials or substances occurring in nature which can be exploited
for economic gain 1.
2. Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished naturally over time and
are not depleted when used. Examples of renewable resources include sunlight, water,
wind, and trees. Non-renewable resources are natural resources that cannot be
replenished in a short amount of time and are finite. Examples of non-renewable
resources include metals, rocks, minerals, and fossil fuels 234.
3. Biology plays a crucial role in the conservation of natural resources by providing insights
into the functioning of ecosystems and the impact of human activities on them. Biologists
study the interactions between living organisms and their environment to understand how
to protect and conserve natural resources such as forests, oceans, and wildlife. They also
develop strategies to manage natural resources sustainably by balancing human needs
with environmental protection 56.
4. There is no biological difference between conscious citizen and global citizen.
5. Biology has numerous applications in our day-to-day life. It helps us understand our
bodies better, remain healthy, know about diseases, control diseases, cure diseases,
formulate drugs, increase food production, improve livestock performance, protect the
health of consumers by controlling the production of food products, control pests in
agriculture, etc78910.
6. Gene therapy is a medical procedure that involves the introduction or alteration of genetic
material within a person’s cells to treat or prevent disease. The process involves inserting
a functional gene into a patient’s cells to replace or repair a faulty gene that is causing
disease or to introduce a new gene that will help fight disease. Gene therapy has the
potential to cure genetic disorders that were previously untreatable and to provide long-
term relief from chronic diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS 11.
7. Ethiopia is rich in natural resources such as coffee, gold, oil seeds, chat (a stimulant
plant), flowers, beeswax, honey, etc12.
8. Human practices for sustainable management of natural resources include reducing waste
generation by recycling and reusing materials; reducing energy consumption by using
energy-efficient appliances; conserving water by using low-flow fixtures; protecting
biodiversity by preserving habitats; reducing greenhouse gas emissions by using
renewable energy sources; promoting sustainable agriculture practices; and promoting
sustainable forestry practices 13.
9. To thrive extinction of species, we need to protect their habitats from destruction or
degradation; reduce pollution levels; regulate hunting and fishing activities; promote
sustainable agriculture practices; promote sustainable forestry practices; promote
conservation efforts through education and awareness campaigns; and enforce laws that
protect endangered species from exploitation or harm 14.
10. Natural resources play an important role in the economy of many countries by providing
raw materials for industries such as agriculture, mining, forestry, fishing, etc., creating
jobs for people in these industries and generating revenue for governments through taxes
and royalties on resource extraction activities 15.
11. Biotechnology has numerous traditional uses such as fermentation for making bread,
cheese, yogurt, beer, wine etc., selective breeding for improving crop yields and livestock
 performance etc., while modern applications include genetic engineering for producing
transgenic crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or drought tolerance;
bioremediation for cleaning up contaminated soil or water; biosensors for detecting
pollutants or pathogens in food or water; cloning for producing genetically identical
organisms etc1617.
12. Biological applications useful in maintaining food security include genetic engineering
for producing crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or drought tolerance;
biotechnology for improving crop yields through selective breeding techniques;
bioremediation for cleaning up contaminated soil or water used for agriculture;
biosensors for detecting pathogens in food products etc1617.
13. Factors that influence the availability of food include climate change which affects crop
yields; soil degradation which reduces soil fertility; water scarcity which affects irrigation
practices; pests which damage crops; diseases which affect livestock health etc 18.
14. Food insecurity can lead to malnutrition which can cause stunted growth in children and
increase the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease in adults. It can
also lead to social unrest due to food riots or conflicts over scarce resources 19.
15. Sustainable development (SD) refers to development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs[20(p14)].
The SD model on page 14 of G-12 Biology textbook emphasizes three main components:
economic growth (prosperity), social inclusion (people), and environmental protection
(planet). These components are interdependent and must be balanced to achieve
sustainable development.
16. Microorganisms play a crucial role in the production of dairy products and fermented
meats. Some of the microorganisms used in dairy products include Lactobacillus
bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium
bifidum. In fermented meats, microorganisms such as Lactobacillus plantarum,
Pediococcus acidilactici, and Staphylococcus carnosus are used 1.
17. Microorganisms play a vital role in the production of bread, teji, tella, wine, and beer. In
bread production, yeast is used to ferment the dough and produce carbon dioxide gas that
causes the bread to rise. In teji and tella production, yeast and lactic acid bacteria are used
to ferment the honey or barley malt and produce alcohol and lactic acid. In wine
production, yeast is used to ferment grape juice and produce alcohol. In beer production,
malted barley is mashed with hot water to extract sugars that are then boiled with hops.
The resulting liquid is cooled and fermented with yeast to produce beer 2.
18. The chemical name for vitamin B2 is riboflavin, vitamin B12 is cobalamin, and vitamin
C is ascorbic acid 3.
19. The process of beer production involves several steps that can be represented in a flow
chart. The steps include malting, milling, mashing, lautering (wort separation), boiling
(hops addition), fermentation by yeast, maturation and carbonation, pasteurization or
filtration, and packaging 4.
20. Developing transgenic farm animals has several advantages such as improving animal
health by reducing susceptibility to diseases, increasing productivity by enhancing
growth rates or milk yields, improving food safety by reducing the risk of bacterial
contamination or allergenicity of animal products, and reducing environmental impact by
decreasing waste production or resource consumption 5.
 21. Creating transgenic crops has several benefits such as increasing crop yields by
enhancing resistance to pests or environmental stressors, improving food quality by
enhancing nutritional content or reducing allergenicity of crops, reducing environmental
impact by decreasing pesticide use or resource consumption, and improving economic
viability for farmers by increasing crop productivity 6.
22. Biological wastewater treatment through activated sludge involves specific bacteria that
break down organic matter in wastewater into carbon dioxide and water. The process
involves adding activated sludge (a mixture of bacteria) to wastewater in an aeration tank
where oxygen is supplied to promote bacterial growth. The bacteria consume organic
matter in the wastewater as a food source and produce carbon dioxide and water as waste
products. The treated wastewater is then separated from the activated sludge using
sedimentation tanks 7.
23.

A. Single cell protein refers to protein derived from microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi
that can be used as a food source for humans or animals.

B. Fermentation refers to the process of converting carbohydrates into alcohol or organic acids
using microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria.

C. A bioreactor/fermenter is a device used for growing large quantities of microorganisms under

controlled conditions.

D. Genetic engineering refers to the manipulation of an organism’s genetic material using

biotechnology techniques.

E. A biosensor is a device that uses biological molecules such as enzymes or antibodies to detect
the presence of specific substances.

F. Cloning refers to the process of creating genetically identical copies of an organism.

G. Tissue culture refers to the process of growing cells or tissues outside of their natural
environment under controlled conditions.

H. A transgene is a gene that has been artificially introduced into an organism’s genome using
genetic engineering techniques.

I. GMO stands for genetically modified organism and refers to an organism whose genetic
material has been altered using biotechnology techniques.

J. Animal breeding refers to the selective breeding of animals with desirable traits in order to
improve their offspring.

K. Effluent refers to wastewater that has been treated before being discharged into the
environment while sewage refers to untreated wastewater from households or industries that
contains human waste while sludge refers to solid waste produced during wastewater treatment.
L. Bioremediation involves using microorganisms to break down pollutants in the environment
while biopesticides are pesticides derived from natural sources such as plants or microorganisms.

M. Biotransformation involves converting one chemical compound into another using biological
processes while biodegradation involves breaking down complex organic compounds into
simpler compounds using microorganisms.

N. Recombinant technology involves combining DNA from different sources using genetic
engineering techniques.

O. Distillation involves separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in

boiling points while pasteurization involves heating food products to kill harmful bacteria.

P. Metabolites/bio-products refer to chemicals produced by living organisms during metabolic

processes.

Q. Leavening refers to the process of adding yeast or other leavening agents to dough in order to
make it rise during baking.

R. Biofuels are fuels derived from renewable biological sources such as plants while biog

Explore

Biofuels and biogases are both renewable energy sources that can be used as an alternative to
traditional fossil fuels. Biofuels are derived from biomass, which includes agricultural and
forestry residues, energy crops, and organic waste. They can be converted into liquid or gaseous
forms, such as ethanol or biogas 123. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic
organisms or methanogens inside an anaerobic digester, biodigester, or a bioreactor 4.

Flocs and alum are both used in water treatment. Flocs are clusters of particles that form when a
coagulant such as alum is added to water. The flocs then settle to the bottom of the water
container, taking with them impurities such as dirt and bacteria . Alum is a coagulant that is
commonly used in water treatment to remove impurities from the water .

I hope this helps!

A. Single cell protein (SCP): SCP refers to edible unicellular microorganisms such as algae,
yeasts, fungi or bacteria that can be used as a substitute for protein-rich foods. The biomass or
protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of these microorganisms is suitable for human
consumption or as animal feeds 1.

BFermentation: Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or

alcohol using yeast or bacteria under anaerobic conditions 2.

C. Bioreactor/fermenter: A bioreactor or fermenter is a vessel or container designed to provide

an optimal environment in which microorganisms or their enzymes interact with a substrate to
produce the required product. In the bioreactor, aeration, agitation, temperature, and pH are
controlled 3.

DGenetic engineering: Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an organism’s

genetic material to introduce new traits or characteristics that are not naturally present in the
organism 4.

E. Biosensor: A biosensor is an analytical device that uses biological components such as

enzymes, antibodies, or microorganisms to detect and measure chemical compounds .

F. Cloning: Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an organism by replicating its
genetic material .

G. Tissue culture: Tissue culture is the process of growing cells or tissues outside of their
natural environment under controlled conditions .

H. Transgene: A transgene is a gene that has been artificially introduced into an organism’s
genome through genetic engineering techniques .

I. GMO: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has
been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination .

J. Animal Breeding: Animal breeding is the process of selecting animals with desirable traits
and breeding them to produce offspring with those traits .

K. Effluent, Swage & Sludge: Effluent refers to wastewater that has been treated and released
into the environment. Sewage refers to wastewater that has not been treated and may contain
human waste and other pollutants. Sludge refers to the solid material that remains after
wastewater treatment .

L. Bioremediation vs Biopesticides: Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to break

down pollutants in the environment into less harmful substances. Biopesticides are pesticides
derived from natural materials such as plants, bacteria, and fungi that can be used to control pests
.
M. Biotransformation vs Biodegradation: Biotransformation is the process by which
microorganisms transform one chemical compound into another. Biodegradation is the
breakdown of organic substances by microorganisms into simpler compounds such as carbon
dioxide and water .

N. Recombinant technology: Recombinant technology is a technique used in genetic

engineering to combine DNA from different sources into a single molecule .

O. Distillation vs pasteurization: Distillation is a process used to separate two or more liquids

based on their boiling points by heating them and collecting their vapors. Pasteurization is a
process used to kill harmful bacteria in food by heating it to a specific temperature for a certain
period of time without changing its taste or nutritional value .

P. Metabolites/bio-products: Metabolites are small molecules produced by metabolic processes

in living organisms. Bio-products are products derived from biological sources such as plants,
animals, and microorganisms .

Q. Leavening: Leavening is the process of adding yeast or other leavening agents to dough or
batter to make it rise during baking .

R. Biofuels Vs Biogases: Biofuels are fuels derived from biological sources such as plants and
animals that can be used as alternatives to fossil fuels. Biogases are gases produced by the
breakdown of organic matter such as food waste and animal manure.

S. Flocs vs alum: Flocs are clusters of bacteria and other particles that form in water during
treatment processes such as coagulation and flocculation. Alum is a chemical compound
commonly used in water treatment processes to help remove impurities by forming flocs with
suspended particles.