STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2

Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11

Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Score:
Lesson Title:

Phase Diagram References

Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
1. Interpret the phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide
2. Predict the phase of the substance at a given
temperature and pressure
Chemistry the Practical Science by P.
Kelter M. Mosher, and A. Scott (2009)
Chemistry the Molecular Nature of Matter
by Jespersen, Brady, and Hyslop (2012)
Chemistry: The Central Science by Brown,
LeMay, and Bursten

Review/Lesson Preview
Complete the flow chart by filling in the boxes

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Concept Notes
A phase diagram is a graphical way to depict the effects of pressure and temperature on the phase of the substance.
Sublimation is the phase change as a substance changes from a solid to a gas without passing through the intermediate
state of a liquid.

Deposition is the phase change as a substance changes from a gas to a solid without passing through the intermediate
state of a liquid.

TRIPLE POINT - The temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases exist simultaneously.
CRITICAL POINT – The temperature above which a substance will always be a gas regardless of the pressure.
· NOTE:
 The solid phase is more dense than the liquid phase.
 The line between the solid and gas phases is the equilibrium of solid and gas phases at that specific pressure
and temperature, i.e. a curve of all the deposition/sublimation points.
 The line between the solid and liquid phases is the equilibrium of solid and liquid phases at that specific
pressure and temperature, i.e. a curve of all the freezing/melting points.
 The line between the liquid and gas phases is the equilibrium of liquid and gas phases at that specific pressure
and temperature, i.e. a curve of all the vaporization/condensation points.

Phase Change Diagram

 The AB line is the liquid – vapor interface.
 It starts at the triple point (A), the point at which all three states are in equilibrium.

 It ends at the critical point (B); which is at the critical temperature and critical pressure, above this critical
temperature and Critical pressure the liquid and vapor are indistinguishable from each other.
 Each point along this line is the boiling point of the substance at that pressure

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

 The AD line is the interface between liquid and solid.

 The melting point at each pressure can be found along this line

 Below A the substance cannot exist in the liquid state.

 Along the AC line the solid and gas phases are in equilibrium; the sublimation point at each pressure is along this line

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Compare phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Phase diagram of water

 Note the high critical temperature and pressure:

 These are due to the strong van der Waals forces between water molecules.
 The slope of the solid – liquid line is negative.
 This means that as the pressure is increased at a temperature just below the melting point; water goes
from solid to a liquid.

Water has an unusual phase

diagram

 Unusual behavior
 At same T, as you increase p,
substance changes from solid
to liquid
 Liquid more dense than solid
 Exhibits triple point where
all three phases coexist

Phase Diagram of Carbon dioxide

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Carbon dioxide cannot exist in the liquid state pressures below 5.11 atm; CO 2 sublimes at normal pressures.

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Developmental Activities

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Activity 1: Generic Phase Diagram

Answer the following questions based on the phase diagram above. First two questions has been done for you. Correct answers
will be flashed/ shown on the board.
1. Which section represents solid phase? ____A_______
2. What sections represents liquid phase? ________C_________
3. What section represents gas phase? __________B__________
4. What letter represents the triple point? ______D__________In your own words, what is the definition of a triple point?
-where all three phases (s, l, g ) are all equilibrium

5. What is this substance normal melting point, at 1 atmosphere pressure? ____________60°C_____

6. What is this substance’s normal boiling point, at 1 atmosphere pressure? _____100°C___________
7. Above what temperature is it impossible to liquefy this substance, no matter what the pressure? _____110°C_______
8. At what temperature and pressure do all three phases coexist? _____45°C___________
9. At a constant temperature, what would you do to cause this substance to change from liquid phase to the solid phase?
______increase the pressure___________
10. What does sublimation mean?
-The process of going from a solid to a gas directly, skipping the liquid phase altogether.

Activity 2: Phase Diagram of Water and Carbon dioxide

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Directions: Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. First one has been done for you. (Correct answers will be
flashed/ shown on the board)

1. What does Point O in both diagrams above represents? Ans what can you tell me about the phase or phases of matter at
those pressure and temperature? - TRIPLE POINT
2. What is the significance of line OF? - MELTING POINT
3. What is the significance of line OG? - SUBLIMATION POINT
4. What is the significance of line OE? - BOILING POINT
5. Using the diagram above indicate the proper temperature or pressure for the following points.
a. Normal melting point oC for water -100°C
b. Triple point temp. for water -0.0098°C
c. Triple point temp. for CO2 -56.4°C
d. Critical pressure for water - 217.7 atm
e. Critical pressure for CO2 - 73.0 atm
f. Normal sublimation point for CO2 - 1
g. Normal boiling point oC for water. -100°C
h. Triple point pressure for water -6.0 × 10 ³
i. Triple point pressure for CO2 -5.11 atm
j. Critical temp. for water -374.4°C
k. Critical pressure for water -217.7 atm

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Guided Practice
Refer to the phase diagram below when answering the questions

NOTE: Normal refers to STP – Standard Temperature Pressure

1. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 2.0 atm and 100oC? - S

2. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 0.75 atm and 100oC? - L
3. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 0.5 atm and 100oC? -G
4. What is the phase (s,l,g) of a substance at 1.5 atm and 50oC? -S
5. What is the condition of the triple point of this substance? T =____≈ 90°C_______, P =_____.7 atm____________

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Independent Practice

Answer the following based on the phase diagram above.

1. If a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 1.25 atm and a temperature of 300oC was lowered to a pressure
of 0.25atm, what phase transition(s) would occur? __vaporation_____
2. If a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 1.25 atm and a temperature of 0 oC was lowered to a pressure of
0.25 atm, what phase transition(s) would occur? ____sublimation_____
3. if a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 200 oC was lowered to a
temperature of -200oC,what phase transition(s) would occur?______solidify ( freeze)_____
4. if a quantity of this substance was at an initial pressure of 0.5 atm and a temperature of 200 oC was lowered to a
temperature of -200oC, what phase transition(s) would occur? ______deposition_____
5. If this substance was at a pressure of 2.0atm, at what temperature would it melt? ____175° C______
6. If this substance was at a pressure of 2.0 atm, at what temperature would it boil?____810°C____
7. If this substance was at a pressure of 0.75 atm, at what temperature would it melt?_____90° C_____
8. If this substance was at a pressure of 0.75 atm, at what temperature would it boil?_______150°C_____
9. At what temperature do the gas and liquid phases become indistinguishable from each other? ____810°C_____
10. At what pressure would it be possible to find this substance in the gas, liquid, and solid phase? ___.7 atm____

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

Closure Activity
Construct the Generic phase diagram for a substance on the axes below based on the following data: (It need NOT be to scale)

T, oK P, atm
Triple point 55K 0.10atm
Normal melting point 68K @50 atm
Normal boiling point 183K @50 atm
Critical point 218K 50atm

 Label: S,L, G areas

 Lines of equilibrium between solid and gas, liquid and gas, solid and liquid.

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 STEM 006/ General Chemistry 2
Student Activity Sheet Grade Level/Section: 11
Name:JAYZL L. CASTAÑEDA Day/Session # ___

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