ENGR 387

Vibration of Mechanical Systems

Harmonically excited vibration: base excitation and
rotating unbalance
(Rao: 3.5 – 3.7 | Inman: 2.4, 2.5)

Milad Ramezankhani, PhD Candidate

Winter 2021

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, Singiresu S. Rao
Base excitation
• In some applications, the base of the system is subjected to a vibratory
motion:
• The foundation of a turbine in a power plant may be subjected to ground motion
during an earthquake.
• A delicate instrument (mass) may have to be protected from a force or shock
when the package containing the instrument is dropped from a height
accidentally.
• The vehicle carrying it may experience vibration as it travels on a rough road with
potholes.

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, Singiresu S. Rao
Response of a damped system under the harmonic motion of the base

• Let y(t) denote the displacement of the base and x(t) the displacement
of the mass from its static equilibrium position at time t:

• The net elongation of the spring:

• The relative velocity between the two ends of the damper:

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, Singiresu S. Rao
Response of a damped system under the harmonic motion of the base

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, Singiresu S. Rao
Response of a damped system under the harmonic motion of the base

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, Singiresu S. Rao
Response of a damped system under the harmonic motion of the base

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, Singiresu S. Rao
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Variations of Td and Φ with r

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Force transmitted to the mass

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Relative motion

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Example 1

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Example 2

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Response of a damped system under rotating unbalance
• Unbalance in rotating machinery is one of the main causes of vibration.
• Quantify the caused vibration by the unbalanced system.
• Find steady-state response of the system.
• Determine the transmitted force to the foundation.

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Response of a damped system under rotating unbalance
• The total mass of the machine is M.
• There are two eccentric masses m/2 rotating in opposite directions with a constant angular
velocity 𝜔.
• The centrifugal force due to each mass will cause excitation of the mass M.

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Mechanical Vibrations, 6th Edition, Singiresu S. Rao
Response of a damped system under rotating unbalance

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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• All the curves begin at zero amplitude.
• The amplitude near resonance is markedly
affected by damping. Thus, if the machine is to
be run near resonance, damping should be
introduced purposefully to avoid dangerous
amplitudes.
!"
• At very high speeds (𝜔 large), is almost unity,
#$
and the effect of damping is negligible.

• does not attain a maximum. Its

value grows from 0 at r = 0 to 1 at r -> 1

Engineering Vibration, 4th Edition, Daniel J. Inman

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Transmitted force to the foundation

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Transmitted force to the foundation

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Example 1

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Example 2
A variable speed electric motor having an unbalance is mounted on an
isolator. It is observed that the amplitudes of vibration are 0.55 in and
0.15 in at resonance and beyond resonance, respectively. Find the
damping ration of the isolator.

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