Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 2 PHYS132

4.36 ••• CP An advertisement claims that a particular

automobile can “stop on a dime.” What net force would be
necessary to stop a 850 kg automobile traveling initially at
45.0 km/h in a distance equal to the diameter of a dime, 1.8
cm?

DATA GIVEN:

Mass = 850kg

v0 = 45 km/h or 12.5 m/s

dx = 1.8 cm or 0.018 m

vf = 0m/s

Calculate the deceleration using kinematic equations.

𝑣_𝑓^2 = 𝑣_0^2 + 2𝑎∆𝑥

Substitute the values;

0 = (12.5𝑚/𝑠)^2 + 2(0.018𝑚)𝑎

−156.25𝑚^2/𝑠^2 = (0.036𝑚)𝑎

−4340.28𝑚/𝑠^2 = 𝑎

Calculate the decelerating force or the brake force;

𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎

𝐹 = (850𝑘𝑔)(−4340.28𝑚/𝑠^2)

𝐹 = −3689238 𝑁
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 2 PHYS132

4.49 •• CP CALC A mysterious rocket-propelled object of

mass 45.0 kg is initially at rest in the middle of the
horizontal, frictionless surface of an ice-covered lake. Then By integrating once more;
a force directed east and with magnitude F(t) = (16.8 N/s)t is 𝑡
1 1.9𝑚 2
applied. How far does the object travel in the first 5.00 s after ∫ 𝑣(𝑡) = ( ) 𝑡 + 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 + 𝐶
0 2 𝑠2
the force is applied?

DATA GIVEN: The integral of velocity can also be written as the position of
the object. Additionally, the constant (C) can also be
Mass = 45.0kg expressed as the position when t=0.

Force = = (16.8 N/s)t 0.95𝑚

∆𝑥 = ( 2 ) 𝑡 2 + 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑥0
𝑠
t= 5.00s
Substituting the values;

0.95𝑚
Calculate the acceleration using the second law of motion; ∆𝑥 = ( 2 ) (5.0𝑠)2
𝑠
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
∆𝑥 = 23.75 𝑚

𝐹/𝑚 = 𝑎

Substitute the values,

(16.8 𝑁/𝑠)(5)/45𝑘𝑔 = 𝑎

1.9𝑚/𝑠^2 = 𝑎

note that by integration,

𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ← 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ← 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Therefore, it is possible to calculate the position through

integrating the constant for a.
𝑚
𝑎 = (1.9 )
𝑠2

𝑡
∫ 𝑎 = (1.9 𝑚/𝑠 3 )𝑡 + 𝐶
0

The integral of acceleration can also be written as the

velocity of the object. Additionally, the constant (C) can also
be expressed as the velocity when t = 0.

1.9𝑚
𝑣(𝑡) = ( 2 ) 𝑡 + 𝑣0𝑥
𝑠
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 2 PHYS132

5.81 ••• CP CALC You are standing on a bathroom scale in

an elevator in a tall building. Your mass is 64 kg. The
elevator starts from rest and travels upward with a speed that Bathroom scales convert newtons to kg by dividing it by the
varies with time according to v(t) = (3.0 m/s2)t + (0.20 constant gravitational acceleration.
m/s3)t2 . When t = 4.0 s, what is the reading on the bathroom 921.6𝑁
scale? 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠2 =
9.8𝑚
𝑠2
Data Given:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠2 = 94.0 𝑘𝑔
Mass=64 kg

Velocity= = (3.0 m/s2)t + (0.20 m/s3)t2

Time = 4.0s

note that by differentiation,

𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 → 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 → 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

By differentiating the equation for velocity, an equation for

acceleration is produced.

3.0𝑚 0.20𝑚
𝑣(𝑡) = ( 2 ) 𝑡 + ( 3 ) 𝑡 2
𝑠 𝑠

𝑑𝑣 3.0𝑚 0.40𝑚
= 2 + ( 3 )𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑠 𝑠
Substituting the values;

3.0𝑚 0.40𝑚
𝑎= + ( 3 ) 4.0𝑠
𝑠2 𝑠

𝑎 = 4.6𝑚/𝑠 2

Finding the net acceleration;

𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑎 + 𝑔

4.6𝑚 9.8𝑚
𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 = + 2
𝑠2 𝑠

𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 14.4𝑚/𝑠 2

Finding the weight;

𝐹𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎

14.4𝑚
𝐹𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = (64𝑘𝑔) ( 2 )
𝑠

𝐹𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 921.6 𝑁
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 2 PHYS132

5.86 CP Traffic Court. You are called as an expert witness

in a trial for a traffic violation. The facts are these: A driver 𝑣𝑖 = 29.33 𝑚/𝑠
slammed on his brakes and came to a stop with constant
acceleration. Measurements of his tires and the skid marks
on the pavement indicate that he locked his car’s wheels, the
car traveled 192 ft before stopping, and the coefficient of The driver was guilty and was riding way over the speed
kinetic friction between the road and his tires was 0.750. He limit.
was charged with speeding in a 45 mi>h zone but pleads
innocent. What is your conclusion: guilty or innocent? How
fast was he going when he hit his brakes?

DATA GIVEN:

Vf = 0 mi/h or m/s

dx= 192 ft or 58.52 m

µ = 0.750

vi < 45 mi/h or 20.21m/s

Notice that from t = 0 when the brakes applied, and Vf = 0,

the net force acting on the vehicle was only the brake force.
Equating the second law of motion to the friction force;

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎

𝐹𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎

−𝜇𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎

Solving for a;

−𝜇𝑔 = 𝑎

9.8𝑚
−0.750 ( 2 ) = 𝑎
𝑠

𝑚
−7.35 =𝑎
𝑠2

With this, the initial velocity can be calculated using a

kinematics equation;

𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑑

7.35𝑚
0 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2 (− ) (58.52𝑚)
𝑠2

𝑚2
𝑣𝑖2 = 860.24
𝑠2
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 2 PHYS132

5.63 •• CP A small block sits at one end of a flat board that
is 3.00 m long. The coefficients of friction between the block
and the board are ms = 0.600 and mk = 0.400. The end of the
board where the block sits is slowly raised until the angle the
board makes with the horizontal is a0, and then the block
starts to slide down the board. If the angle is kept equal to a0
as the block slides, what is the speed of the block when it
reaches the bottom of the board?
To describe the motion of the block, its acceleration must be
calculated. Note that just when the block started moving, its
net force was equal to the difference of the applied force and
frictional force;
𝐹 − 𝐹𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑘𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

DATA GIVEN: 𝑚(𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑘𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) = 𝑚𝑎

Dx= 3.00 m
𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑘𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑎
µs = 0.600

µk = 0.400 9.8𝑚 9.8𝑚

( )(sin 30.964°) − (0.400) ( 2 ) (𝑐𝑜𝑠30.964°) = 𝑎
𝑠2 𝑠
θ = α0

1.7𝑚
=𝑎
𝑠2

With a value for its acceleration, the velocity can be

calculated with a kinematic equation.

𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎𝑑

Note that just before the small block moved after the board
was raised, the force of motion and frictional force was
𝑣𝑓2 = 2𝑎𝑑
equal; or the net force was equal to 0.

1.7𝑚
𝑣𝑓2 = 2 ( 2 ) (3.00𝑚)
𝐹 = 𝐹𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠
Expounding;
10.2𝑚2
𝑣𝑓2 =
𝑚𝑎 = 𝜇𝑠𝑁 𝑠2

Substituting the values from the diagram above;

3.2𝑚
𝑣𝑓 =
𝑠
𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝜇𝑠𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

Solving for θ;

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝜇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝜇

𝜃 = tan−1 (0.600)

𝜃 = 30.964°