G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology

(A Constituent College of CVM University)

Department of Electrical Engineering

EXPERIMENT No.5 DATE: / /

AIM: To understand the concept of Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicle using

MATLAB Simulink.

THEORY:

 Understanding Regenerative Braking

 Definition of Regenerative Braking:
Regenerative braking is a technology used in electric vehicles to recover and store
some of the kinetic energy that is typically lost during braking. Instead of converting
the kinetic energy into heat, as in traditional braking systems, regenerative braking
converts it back into electrical energy, which can be stored in the vehicle's battery.
 How Regenerative Braking Works:
When an electric vehicle decelerates or brakes, the electric motor operates in
reverse mode, acting as a generator as shown in Fig.1. As the wheels slow down, the
generator converts their kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is then sent to
the battery for storage. This process effectively slows down the vehicle while
simultaneously recharging the battery.
 Advantages of Regenerative Braking:
• Increased Energy Efficiency: Regenerative braking reduces energy waste during
braking, leading to improved overall energy efficiency of the electric vehicle.
• Extended Range: By recovering and reusing energy during braking, regenerative
braking can help extend the vehicle's driving range.
• Reduced Brake Wear: As the regenerative braking system handles a significant
portion of braking, it reduces mechanical wear on the traditional friction brakes,
leading to longer brake life and lower maintenance costs.
 Smooth Deceleration: Regenerative braking provides smoother deceleration,
making the driving experience more comfortable and predictable.
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 G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Fig.1: Normal driving condition and regenerative action during braking.

 Components of Regenerative Braking

Electric Motor/Generator:
The electric motor in an electric vehicle serves as both a propulsion unit and a
generator during regenerative braking. It seamlessly switches between these modes to
perform regenerative braking when necessary.
Power Electronics:
Power electronics components, such as inverters and controllers, facilitate the
conversion of electrical energy between the electric motor and the battery during
regenerative braking. They manage the flow of energy efficiently and safely.
Battery Pack:
The battery pack is a crucial component of the regenerative braking system, as it stores
the electrical energy generated during braking for later use during acceleration or
driving.

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 G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Braking System Integration:

The regenerative braking system is integrated with the traditional friction braking
system. When the regenerative braking reaches its limit or when additional braking
force is required, the friction brakes seamlessly engage to ensure effective stopping
power.
 Operating the Regenerative Braking System
Normal Driving Mode:
In normal driving mode, the regenerative braking system operates automatically as the
driver releases the accelerator pedal. It slows down the vehicle gradually, mimicking
engine braking in internal combustion vehicles.
Braking Mode:
When the driver presses the brake pedal, the regenerative braking system engages
more forcefully, further slowing down the vehicle. As the braking force increases, the
traditional friction brakes also activate to assist the regenerative braking system,
providing additional stopping power.
Adjusting Regenerative Braking Intensity:
Some electric vehicles allow drivers to adjust the regenerative braking intensity through
settings or driving modes. This feature enables drivers to customize the driving
experience according to their preferences and road conditions.

[ Laboratory Manual ] |102050701_Electrical and Hybrid Vehicles 3

 G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Department of Electrical Engineering

MATLAB Simulation:

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 G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Department of Electrical Engineering

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 G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Results:
1. Speed wm (rad/s), Armature current Ia (A), Field current If (A), Electrical torque Te
(Nm), Duty cycle, Load torque (TL).

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 G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Department of Electrical Engineering

2. Battery voltage, current and SoC (%).

3. Battery Power.

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 G H Patel College of Engineering & Technology
(A Constituent College of CVM University)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Conclusion:

Post Experiment Exercise:

Calculate the power generated by a regenerative braking system in an electric vehicle
assuming the following parameters:
1. Vehicle mass (m): (1000+EN) Kg
2. Initial speed (v_initial): 40 m/s
3. Final speed (v_final): 0 m/s (vehicle comes to a complete stop)
4. Efficiency of regenerative braking system (η_regen): 80% (0.8)
*Note:
I. Take EN= Last two digits of your enrollment number. i.e., for enrollment number
12002100501037, take EN= 37.
II. D2D students are required to take EN= (30+Last two digits of your enrollment
number). i.e., for enrollment number 12102100503018, take EN= (30+18) = 58.

Grade/Marks
Obtained
Date of Assessment

Sign of Instructor

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