I

12
Physical Sciences Grade 11 NSC NOVEMBER 2021

QUESTION 8 (start on a new page)

Redox reactions can be explained in terms of electron transfer as well as change in

oxidation number

The UNBALANCED equations A , B and c below represent three redox reactio ns.

A: Zn(sl + HCl(eqJ - ZnCl2caqi + H2<g)

B: NiOcs, + COcaqJ-+ Nl1aq) + C 0 21g1

C: C U(s) + HN0 3(aqJ-.. Cu(N0 3)2(aq) + H20 <11

8.1 Define the term oxidation in terms of electron tra nsfer. (2)
8 .2 Write down the FORMULA of the substance that is oxidised in reaction A. (1)
8.3 Write down the OXIDISING AGENT in reaction B.
Explain the answer in terms of oxidation numbers. (2)
8.4 Balance reaction C by using half-reaction.s from the Table of Standard
Reduction Potentials in the data sheets. (3)

[8]
TOTAL MARKS: 100
0 10,, 1n9 resulls werP obtained
1 1

•
~, ~s~ ur ~ ► ~ ~, Volume 1m l (nl }
volur.in
• •
.-·-... ,. .3 ,..
I,; ~ :l
•
-
~
ti\. (1 - -
. .. ~1
. -
~

--
:l
...
.- ~- ,
.... . - --
•
•
......
"". r- "' - "

Name the gas law 1hat 1s 1nvestrga1ed

VVrite down the above lav, 1n words
W nte down an 1nves11gat1ve oues:1011 for tt,e ,nvesftgat Jn
I
n 1\IO values or - -- ,n the tab1e il and b . ..,,as no: calcujated C~lcufaie ' h..J
\ olun1c
two .,alues
75 O N THE: ATTACHED GRAPH SHEET. drat...- a graph ol pressure cHJd1ns:
1
Label ine d).es µ lol tt,e po nts and CJra\~. lhe line or b•"'s: 1!
\ oh.tnf'
u~ tne lollow,ng scale x axis: 10 btocks 2 m
y ax,s 1O blocks 50 ~Pa
 8

Physical Sciences Grade 11

QUESTION 4 ( start on a new page)

NSC NOVEMBER 2021

\
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas react to form water according to the following

balanced equation:
2H2cg) + 02<g) -+- 2H20(g) + 241.8 kJ.mol· 1

The activation energy (EA) for this reaction is 1370 kJ .moJ· 1

4 .1 Define the term activation energy. , , , ' r r

(2)
4.2 Sketch a potential energy versus reaction coordinate graph for the above
reaction . Clearly label the axes and indicate the following on the graph:

• ~ H

• EA for the forward reaction

• Reactants (R) and products (P)
• Activated complex (X)
(5)
4.3 Write down the value of the heat of reaction . (1)
4.4 Is the reaction ENDOTHERMIC or EXOTHERMIC? Explain your answer. (2)
(10]

I
' I 'I I

-\

-------
 Physical Sciences Grade i l 9
NSC NOVEMBER 2021

QOESTION 5 (start on a new page)

A fixed mass of oxygen is used to verify one of the gas laws. The results obtained
are shown in th graph below.

GRAPH OF VOLUME VERSUS PRESSURE

I
-
I

'
40 "

-
...
E 30
I

~
~

I
'
CII
'
E
::, '
·-
>o 20
I

I
1-1
I

I '"
I I
10 ,
' I

50 100 150• 200 250

Pressure (kPa)

5.1 W hat Is the name of the law that was Investigated? (1)
5 .2 Write down a mathematical expression , in symbols, for the relationship
between the variables shown in the graph.
( 1)
5 .3 Explain the relationship in QUESTION 5.2 in terms of the kinetic theory of
gases. (2)
SA Write down TWO variables that must be kept constant during this Investigation. '(2)
5 .-5 From the graph , write down the volume of oxygen , in cm 3 , when the pressure
is 120 kPa .
(1)
5.6 Calculate the pressure, in kPa, exerted on the gas when It is compressed to 5
cn,3.
(4)
5. 7 Write down TWO conditions under which oxygen will deviate from ideal gas
behaviour.
(2)
[13]
 10
Physical Sciences Grade 11 NSC NOVEMBER 2021

QUESTION 6 ( start on a new page)

\

3nd
Ammonia 1s produced through the Haber process by combining hydrogen (H2)
nitrogen gas (N2) in the presence of a catalyst. The following BALANCED equation
represents the formation of ammonia:

N2tg) + 3H2(QJ - 2NH3(gl

During the process. 1.5 x 1023 molecules of Nitrogen (N2) react with excess
hydrogen gas (H2) and the percentage yield of this reaction is 64% .

6.1 Calculate the percentage composition of nitrogen in NH3. (2)

6.2 Calculate the actual yield in grams of NH3 produced during the process. (7)

Hydrochloric acid reacts with an excess of magnesium chunks according to the

following UNBALANCED equation at STP.

Mg + HC.t _. M9Cf2 + Hz

A mass of 6.12 g of M~ is dissolved in the acid and 5.6 dm3 of H2 was collected in a
gas syringe.

6.3 Define the term limmng reagent. (2)

6.4 Identify the limiting reagent in the reaction. Give a reason for your answer. (2)
6.5 Copy the above mentioned reaction onto your answer sheet and balance the
reaction . ( 1)
6.6 Calculate the number of moles of HCt used during the reaction. (4)
6.7 Calculate the mass of Mg that remained after the reaction reached the point of
completion. (4)
[13]
 11
Physic al Sciences Grade 11 NSC NOVEMBER 2021

QUES TION 7 (start on a new page)

f
nitric acid and
Consi der the balan ce equat ions for the reaction of water with
ammo nia below:

Reac tion 1: HNO3(aq>+ H2O(() -+ H3O•c11q) + NOJ· caq)

Reac tion 2: NHJ(Q) + H2O<0 - NH-4.(aq> + OH· caqJ

Define the term ampho lyte.

I I

(2)
I
7 .1
lyte in the
7 .2 Write down the FORM ULA of a substa nce that acts as an ampho
( 1)
reactio ns above .
LINE)?
7.3 Is the solution forme d in Reaction 2 ACIDIC or BASIC (ALKA
(2)
Give a reason for the answe r.

3 to 0.16 mol.d m·3 .

100 cm 3 of HNOJ of a concentration of 0 .2 mol.dm · is diluted

mol.dm·3 HNOJ
7.4 Ca lcu late the volum e of water that must be added to the 0 .2
(4 )
solution .
[9]
 DBE/November 2019
14
Physical Science&IP2 CAPS - Grade 11

QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.)

·,n which so2 is involved, are
The unbalanced equations for two redox reactions
,
shown below.

Reaction 1: S02(Q) + H2S(g) - S(s) + H20(t)

Reaction 2: S02(9) + KMn04(s) + H20(t) - MnS04(aq) + K2S04(aq) + H2S04(aq)

(2)
9.1 Explain what is meant by the term redox reaction.

9.2 Write down the oxidation number of Mn in:

(1)
9.2.1 KMn04
(1)
9.2.2 MnS04
reas on for the answer. (2)
9.3 Is Mn in Reaction 2 OXIDISED or RED UCED? Give a

In which reaction , Reaction 1 or Reaction 2, does

S02 act as an oxidising
9.4 (2)
agen t? Give a reason for the answer.
(2)
9.5 Write down the oxidation half-reaction in Reaction 1.
down the balanced
9.6 Use the Table of Standard Redu ction Potentials and write
tions and how you
net ionic equation for Reaction 1. Show the half-reac (4)
arrived at the final equation.
[14)
I

DB E/ No ve mb er 20 19
Physical Sciences/P2 15
CA PS - Grade 11

on a ne w page.)
Q UE ST IO N 10 (Start
as
e EX TR AC TI ON of gold from its ore is
ica l eq ua tio n for th
Th e ba la nc ed ch em
fo llo ws :
+ O (g ) _. 4N aA u (C N)2(aq) + 4N aO H( aq )
4 Au (s ) + 8N aC N(aq ) + 2H 2O( t) 2
( 1)
on of go ld .
an ta ge of us ing cy an ide (CN.) in the extracti
10. 1 St at e O NE di sa dv
SI C
e ex tra ction pr oc es s be AC ID IC or BA (2)
of th
10 .2 W ill th e final solution .
reason fo r the answer
(A LK AL IN E)? Give a (1 )
NaAu (C N)2.
ion nu m be r of gold in
10.3 De te rm in e the oxidat (1)
e.
A of th e re du cin g ag ent in the reaction ab ov
UL
10 .4 W rit e do wn the FO RM
gold.
wd er is no w us ed to PRECIPITATE the
Zi nc po
n fo r th e reaction is:
Th e ba la nc ed eq ua tio
N( aq )
)2( aq ) - 2A u( s) + Zn (CN)2(aq) + 2N aC
Zn (s ) + 2N aA u( CN
or RE DU CT IO N du ring the pr ec ipitation
OXIDATION (1)
10.5 Do es zi nc un de rg o
re ac tio n? (2)
er to QU ES TI ON 10.5
.
tion to su pp or t th e an sw
10.6 W rit e do wn a half-reac (2)
2.
ge of gold in NaAu (CN) (10)
10.7 Ca lcu la te the percenta
TOTAL: 15 0
 6
e 11 NSC NOVEMBER 2021
Physical Sci ences Gr ad

a ne w page)
QUESTION 2 (start on

of fer tili se rs . An
HJ ) is an im po rta nt ga s us ed in the preparation
Am mo nia (N dr og en
wh en ele ctr on s are sh ar ed be tw ee n thr ee hy
me d
am mo nia mo lec ule is for
ato m.
at om s an d a nit ro ge n (1)
an d a nit ro ge n
ch em ica l bo nd for me d between a hy dr og en
2.1 Na me the typ e of
ato m. (1 )
ato m ha ve ?
ctrons do es a nitrogen (2 )
2.2 Ho w ma ny va len ce ele
mo lec ule .
e do wn the Le wi s str ucture for the am mo nia
2 .3 W rit rm ed .
lve s in wa ter , the am mo niu m ion (NH4•) is fo
2.4 W he n am mo nia dis so hy dr og en
be tw ee n the am mo nia mo lec ule an d th e
ms
W ha t typ e of bo nd for (1)
ion ?

ox yg en
ve rsu s dis tan ce be tw een the nu cle i of tw o
l energy
Th e gr ap h of po ten tia
mation is shown below
at om s du ring bo nd for
ffn nuclei
gy versus distance be tw
Graph of potential ener

··:···:· - : -
.. . . .... .... ~ . . ..
.....
. . . . ..
: ·:. :···: · ·:· ·:.. ·:···:···:
.J·! ·-·· ··• . •· .... · ~- .... •... , ... . .
.. ..
:

.
: :

. . . ... . . ... . ......... .

I : :
i. . .

. . . .... ·--- --- -~ ...

_ .. . :

.+ .....
. ,1 t I
I I •
f I t
• t
~ I
• • \
+

-~
~ Distance between
nudel (pm)
0
-,
~
w"'
-142 . --· - --· -·· .... ..... ..... . -... ..
. . .. • • f • I
I • t

J::J·:;:·~::tJ:::t::t::I:::!:::~~I~!.::l:J:::~
• o

,;t _,_ :
1 t .. . .:.u ;., .. , : ... ,t, , _.,,_ ;.,._
•• ~ •••: ..
... f o f I
t

·· ... ..
- - ~ • I ' o

-4
.,;,.,• • • ••
t
- ~
f I I

..... ... .... .. ..

♦
.. . .... .I
··- • • • I t

. .... .. . . ... . . . ->-···· .. . . -....

I O I I '
• I •
t
-· . •

(2)
er gy .
2 .5 De fin e the ter m bo nd en
leb on de (O =O )
or B , rep res en ts the formation of the do ub
2 .6 W hic h curve , A
er . (3 )
? Briefly explain the an sw
be tw ee n ox yg en ato ms
by cu rve a. (1)
do wn the bo nd len gth of the bond represented
2 .7 W rit e
(11)
 7
Ph ysi cal Sci ences Grade 11 NSC NOVEMBER 2021

w page)
QU ES TIO N 3 (st art on a ne

shown in the table below.

Th e bo ilin g po int s of th ree co mp ou nd s {A, B and C) are

Co mp ou nd s Bolling point (°C)

A CH4 -161 .5
B HC t -85.1

C H20 10 0

(2)
int,
3 .1 De fin e the ter m bo ilin g po ( 1)
cu lar force in compound A.
3 .2 Ide nti fy the type of intermole
to explain the d iffe ren ce
fer to the typ e of int erm olecular forces and energy
3 .3 Re (4)
mpounds Ba nd C.
in boiling po int between co (1)
our pressure?
tween boiling point and vap
3 .4 Wh at is the relationship be answer
nd , A or B ha s the hig he st vapour pressure? Explain the
3 .5 Wh ich compou (3)
lar forces and energy.
by ref err ing to Intermole cu (11 ]
 11
Physical Sciences/P2
CAPS - Grade 11

QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

W
ith a bright flame when a few
Potass ium perma ngana te, KMn04 , burns
6.1
drops of glycerine are added to it.

The Incomplete equation for the reaction is:

16H20
14KMn 04 + glycerine - ' 7K~C03 + 7Mn203 + xC02 +

6.1 .1 Define the term molar mass.

6. 1.2 The composition of glycerine is as follows:

8,7% hydrogen; 52, 17% oxygen

39, 13% carbon;

Determine the EMPIRICAL formula of glycer ine. Show ALL

calculations.

6.1.3 Write down the value of x in the equation above if the

MOLECULAR formula of glycerine is C3Ha0 3. (

6.1.4 Calculate the mass of Mn20 3 that can be prepared if 18 g of

KMn04 reacts with excess glycerine. (4

6.2 The balanced equation for the reaction of sodium chloride, NaCl, with
sulphuric acid , H2S04 , is as follows :

2NaCf(s) + H2S04(aq) - Na2 S04 (aq) + 2HCl(g )

During a reaction, 1,5 g of an impure sample of sodium chloride reacts with

3
100 cm sulphuric acid of concentration O, 1 mol·dm· at room temperature.
3

6.2.1 Define the term concentration. (2)

r;
• 12
OBE 'Novem t:ae, } 0 ••,

CA PS - Grade 1 I

tart on a ne w pa
ge.) as follows:
QU
ca rbon wIth steam '
5
ESTIO N 7 (S re ac tio
. n o f
tion for the
The balanced eaua
CO (g ) + Hi(g)
C(s) + H20( g) -
po te nt ia l energy
of
ch an ge ,n
esents the
gr ap h h~ 1 /OW , NOT dr
awn to scale , repr
The 1,/,:

the SUb;::,~tances
durrng the reaction

59 3 -- ·· - · ·

~
-,
-
-lC

wc.. 1HO -• • •• •
CO -4 H

H0
4Q C + .

Cours~ or r1•,1r;:, n

71 Defme th e te rm h1.
1.1t ol r rHJCfll1 n (2)
I.IIC ? G " ~ ,, r,1,1son fo r th e
IC o r I. XO TH ER
Is lh e re ac 11011 END O THERM
7.2 an swer (2)
do .vn lhe , a 1w , o
f 11,e
n on th o gr ap h an rJ .w u,,
7.3 Use th e in lo nn at ,o
731 Ac tl'vat,on energy (2)
7 3.2 Heat of reac11on (2)
(81
 c:1111 111onia oe1cw :

Reaction 1: HNO3 (aq) + H2O(l) - H3O.( aq) + NOj (aq)

Reaction 2: NH3 (g) + H2O(t) - NH/ (aq) + OH.(aq)

8.1.1 Define an acid in terms of the Lowry-Br0nsted theory.

8.1.2 Write down the FORMULA of ONE conjug ate acid-b ase pair in
Reaction 1.

8.1.3 Is the solution formed in React ion 1 ACIDI C or BASIC

(ALKALINE)? Give a reason for the answe r.

8.1.4 Define the term ampho lyte.

8.1.5 Write down the FORMULA of a substance that acts as an

ampholyte in the reactions above .

8.1.6 Explain the answer by referring to the role of this substa nce in
Reaction 1 and React ion 2.

100 cmJ of HNO3 of a concent ration of 0.2 mol ·dm·3 is diluted to

3
0.16 mol·dm · .

8.1.7 Calculate the volume of water that must be added to the

0.2 mol·dm· 3 HNO3 . (•

8.2 Zinc oxide, ZnO, is insoluble in water and can be harmful to the environment.
Nitric acid can be used to neutralise zinc oxide.

The incomplete equation for the reaction is:

ZnO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) - salt X(aq) + H20 (l)

Physical Sciences/P2
9
DBE/November 2019
CAPS - Grade 11

QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

! he r~lationship between pressure and volume of an enclosed gas at 25 °C is

investigated. The results obtained are shown in the table below .

PRESSURE (kPa) VOLUME (m3) ..!. (m .3)

V
50 0, 121 8,2
- 80
125
0,076 .
13,2
0,049 20,6
140 0,043 23,1
175 0,035 28,8

4 .1 State Boy/e's law in words . (2)

4 .2 ANSWER TH IS QUESTION ON THE ATTACHED GRAPH PAPER.

Use the data in the table above to draw a graph of pr:essure (p) versus the
Inverse of the volume ( _!_ ) on the attached graph paper.
V (3)

4 .3 Which physical quantity can be determined from the gradient of the graph?
G ive a reason for the answer. (2)
4.4 It is found that, at high pressures. the shape of the graph deviates from that of
the graph obtained in QUESTION 4.2. Explain this deviation. (3)
4.5 Calculate the number of moles of gas present in the sealed container at a
pressure of 125 kPa. (4)
[14]
..
;-
/ I ~':.,. J -- J
'.
...-
\. ~- r ' \. I

,, V

I u .J I

Copyrighl reserved Please turn over

l■llllJ(ll!I
 I
I 10
DBE/Nov ember 2019

nces/P2 CAPS - Grade 11

p11ystcal SCie

snoN 5 (Start on a new page.)

auE . t . r M The tempera ture is increase d and
s of gas is sealed in con aine .
An unknown _ m~~e the container is measure d.
the pressure ms,
d · g the same mass of the same gas in a differen t
The experiment is now repeate usin
container, N.

I The results obtained are represen ted in the sketch graph below.

Graph of pressure versus tempera ture

-
co
a..
240

-
.Y.
0. X --- --- -

263 303

5.1 Determine the value of X as shown on the graph . (3)

5.2 How does the volume of containe r N compare to that of containe r M? Choose
from GREATE R THAN, SMALLE R THAN or EQUAL TO. (1)
5.3 Explain the answer to QUEST ION 5 .2 with the aid of a relevant equation .
(3)
[7]
Physical Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2019
CAPS - Grade 11

QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

The melting points and boiling points of four substances (A, B, C and D) are shown in
the table below.

SUBSTANCES MELTING POINT BOILING POINT

(OC) (OC}
A HF - 83, 11 19,54
B HCt - 114,2 - 81 ,7
C CS2 - 111 46,0
D CO2 -56 6 - 78,5
'
3.1 Define the term melting point. (2)
3.2 Explain the difference in melting points of HF and HCf by referring to the
TYPE of intermolecular forces. (4)
3.3 Which ONE of the substances (A, B, C or D) above ·is a liquid at 25 °C? (1)
3.4 Explain why CS2 has a higher !;)oiling point than CO2. (3)
pi, yslcal Sc1ences/P2 DBE/November 2019
6
CAPS - Grade 11

QUESTION 2 (Start on
a ne w page.)

2.1 Ammonia NH 3(g ) and . OCt(f) are both exam

hypochlorous acid H ples of
covalent compounds .

2.1.1 Define the term bonding

pair.
(21
2.1.2 Draw le wis structures fo
r the following molecules
:
(a ) NH 3
(2)
(b) HOCt
(2)
2.1 .3 W rite down the :

(a) Number of bonding pairs

in NH 3
(1)
(b) Number of lone pairs on
the oxygen atom in HO
Ct (1)
(c) Shape of an ammonia m
olecule
(1)
2.1.4 Which bond . N-H or 0
-H . is more polar? Give
answer. a reason for the
(2)
2.1.5 Write down the type of
intermolecular forces pr
ammonia and hypochlor esent in BOTH
ous acid.
(1)
2.1.6 When ammonia dissolve
s in water, the ammon
formed . ium ion ( NH~) is

What type of bond forms

between the ammonia
hydrogen ion? molecule and the
(1)
Physical Science s/P2 7 DBE/No vember 2019
CAPS - Grade 11

two
2.2 The graph of potential energy versus distance between the nuclei of
oxygen atoms during bond formation is shown below.

Grap h of poten tial energy versu s distance between nucle i

········· -···-··
' '
--~ ········ r····
:--·~·-··---~····•• i• •-~ +
~
• • •

a
...,E 0 r-,r~,r---""'j::= ;:::::;iiia!~=~:::!!!!!~ Distan ce between
nuclei(pm)
-
.lll::

w
a.
,. . ::::-.- ·· . ; - . . -····r'
... -····· . .....
,...
' ' •-·- • •-. •
··
--- ,' · ··-
-142 ' ·, • !
'
'' .
.......... .........
' .
. ' .
. . ··- -- -· -··••,-
:' '' .,'..
-49 4 --- -- ---- ' ---·-·

(2)
2.2.1 Define the term bond energy .

2.2.2 Which curve, A or B, represents the formation of the double bond (O=O)
(3)
between oxygen atoms? Briefly explain the answer.
(1)
2.2.3 Write down the bond length of the bond represented by curve B.
[19)
 12 DBE/November 2015
Physical Sciences/P2
NSC - Grade 11

QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.)

9. 1 Oxidation numbers make it easier to determine whether an element or a

substance is oxidised or reduced during a chemical reaction.

9.1.1 Define the term oxidation with reference to oxidation numbers. (2)

9.1.2 Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in Cr2 0:-. (1)

9.1 .3 Calculate the oxidation number of oxygen in H202. (1)

9.2 Consider the UNBALANCED equation below:

Fe2+(aq) + Ci2(g)-+ Fe3+(aq) + Cf

9.2.1 Define the term reducing agent with reference to electron transfer. (2)
From the above equation, write down the:

9.2.2 FORMULA of the reducing agent ( 1)

9.2.3 FORMULA of the oxidising agent ( 1)

9.2.4 Reduction half-reaction (2)

9.2.5 Oxidation half-reaction (2)

9.2.6 Balanced net redox reaction (2)

[1 4]
 DBE/November 2015
13
Physical Sciences/P2 CAPS - Grade 11

new page .)
QUESTION 10 (Start on a
iron from
be low sho ws a blast furna ce used for the extraction of
The simplified diagram the blast furna ce. Q and R
represen t
en ts a rea cta nt ad de d to
iro n ore . P repres
furna ce.
products that leave the blast
Raw materials
Iron ore
Limestone
Coke
Waste ' - ✓ J_ ~ ~ Waste gases
gases ou t ~ T ~ ou t

R •• --

diagram
cok e are ad de d to the bla st furnace, as sho wn in the
Limestone and
n of:
above. Write down the functio
(1 )
10.1.1 Limestone
(1)
10. 1.2 Coke
substance represen ted by:
10.2 Write down the NAME of the
(1 )
10.2.1 P
( 1)
10.2.2 a ,
( 1)
10.2.3 R
med during the
dow n the NA ME or FO RM ULA of ONE waste ga s for
10.3 Write (1)
.
extraction of iron from iron ore
is:
extraction of Iron from iron ore
10.4 The balan ced equation tor the
+ 3C0 2(g)
Fe 20 :i(s) + 3CO(g) -2 Fe(s)

Write down the :

in this reaction ( 1)
10.4. 1 Function of carbon monoxide
that is reduced ( 1)
10.4.2 FORMULA of the substance
[8]

TO TA L: 150
Copyright reserved
l■IIIDllllmHWI
M P 1 o-11tt..LA,, n•
 Physica l Sciences/ P2 9 DBE/No vember :w ,,
NSC - Grade 11

QUESTION- ii (Start on a new page.)

by the reaction
The fizz produc ed when an antacid dissolves in water is caused
C5Hs0 1). The
betwee n sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHC 0 3) and citric acid (H 3
balanc ed equatio n for the reaction is:

the
5.1 Write down the FORM ULA of the substance that causes the fizz when ( 1)
antacid dissolv es in water.

03. The antacid is

A certain antacid contain s 1,8 g of H 3C6 H 5 0 1 and 3,36 g of NaHC
3
dissolv ed in 100 cm distilled water In a beaker .
(2)
5.2 Define 1 mole of a substance.
(3)
5.3 Calcul ate the numbe r of moles of NaHC 03 in the antacid .

t. (4)
5.4 Determ ine, using calculations, which substance is the limiting reagen

Calcul ate the mass of the reactant in excess .

(3)
5.5
tion of
5.6 Calcul ate the mass decrea se of the beaker conten ts on comple
(3 )
the reaction.
[16]

QU ESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

3
6.1 Sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2 03(s), reacts with 200 cm of a hydroc hloric acid
3 followi ng
solution, HCt(aq ), of concentration 0,2 mol·dm· accord ing to the
balanced equation:

( ,.b I ?) I (7 r.J 'f ,)

6.1 .1 Define the term concentration of a solution. ,' (2)
o ,.S S <" 4 ,T'c. (
6.1.2 Calculate the numbe r of moles of HCl(aq ) added to the sodium
thiosulphate. (3)
 10 DBE/November 20 15
NSC - Grade 11

6.2 Mentho l, the substance we can smell in mentholated cough drops. is

composed of carbon (C ), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (0 ).

During combustion of a 9,984 g sample of menthol, it is found that

28 ,160 g of CO 2(g ) and 11.520 g of H 7O(g) 1s produced

6 .2 .1

6.2.2
Calculate the mass of carbon (C) in the CO 2.

Use relevant calculat,ons to determine the empirical formula of

(4)
l
menthol (7)

623 The molar mass of rnenthol 1s 156 g mol 1 Determine the molecular
formula of menthol (2)
[21)

QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page .)

A barium hyd roxide solution Ba(OH), taq J react!'> with a rntnc acid solution, HNO 3(aq),
according to the following balanced ,,qu;i11on

Ba (O H):,(aq) -' 2IINO ;.iq l • 8 ;i1 NO ),l t'l(I ) +- ?H, O(()

The potential energy graph below shows lhr> chr'!nCJP in poten tial energy for lh1s
reaction .

i;,
... A
CII -;-
C

..
CII O
iv E
..:,
.... ~
-
C :ti.
CII -
0
~
B ~ - - . .
t, 16 kJ rnol •
C _________t ·---------- ---~
'-
-

Course of reaction

7 .1 Is this reaction ENDOTHERMIC or EXOTHERMIC? Give a reason for the

answer. (2)
72 Use energy values A. 8 and C Indicated on the graph and write down an
expression for each of the following:

7.2.1 The energy of the activated complex (1 )

7.2.2 The activation energy for the forward reaction (1 )

7.2.3 t.H for the reverse reaction (1 )

7.3 Calculate the amount of energy released during the reaction if 0, 18 moles of
Ba(OH)2(aq ) reacts completely with the acid. (3)
[8]
Copyright reserved
l~l~HIIIIHllllllRl~mHllm
M PUM ALAM CA
Please turn over
 a ne w page.)
QUESTION 8 (Start on
the two
water. it ionises in two steps, as shown in
acts with
When sulphuric acid re
low .
balanced equations be

I:

,I
II:
(2 )
ory.
e an ac id in ter ms of the Lowry-Brnnsted the
8 .1 De fin
A of:
8.2 Write down the FORMUL ( 1)
HSO~ (aq) ,
8.2 .1 The conjugate base of
( 1)
0 (aq)
8.2.2 The co njugate acid of HS 4
(1 )
ampholyte in these re actions
8.2.3 A substance that acts as
l blu e ind ica tor ar e added to a potassium
thymo lution is no w
8.3 A few drops of bromQ er. A dilute su lphuric acid so
in a be ak
_hydroxide solution un til the co lou r of the indica
to r changes.
ded to thi s so lution
gradually ad

Write down the :

es place
8.3.1 Type of reaction that tak IPITAT ION or NEUTRALI SATION .) (1 )
X. PR EC
(Write down only REDO
(3 )
reaction that takes pla ce
8.3.2 Balanced equatjon for the
(2 )
icator
8.3.3 Colour change of the ind
( 1)
d in this re action
8.3 .4 NAME of the salt forme (1, 2]
 7
Physical Sciences /P2
NSC - Grade 11

QUE STI ON 3 (Start on a new page.)

given in the table below.
3 .1 The boiling poin t of com pou nds A to E are

CO MP OU ND FOR MU LA BOILING POI NT {°C)

A CH 4 -16 4

B C2H s - 89
C CsH ,2 36

D CeH14 69

E C20 H,12 343

(2)
3. 1.1 Define the term boiling poin t.

nd D. ( 1)
3.1.2 Cal cula te the molecular mas s of com pou
( 1)
3. 1.3 In wha t pha se is com pound B at 25 °C?
ent in com pou nd A. ( 1)
3.1.4 Nam e the type of inte rmolecular force pres
from com pou nd A to E . (3)
3.1.5 Explain why the boiling poin t increases
pou nd B com pare to the
3.1.6 How doe s the vap our pressure of com
dow n only HIGHER THA N ,
vap our pres sure of com pou nd C? Write (1 )
LOW ER THA N or EQU AL TO.
nds in the table belo w.
3.2 Con side r the boiling points of the com pou

SUB STA NCE BOILING POI NT (°C)

H2S -60
NH3 - 33
H2O 100
,
e abo ve has the wea kes t
3.2.1 Whi ch ON E of the sub stan ces in the tabl
forc es betw een its mol ecules?
(1 )

forc e foun d betw een NH 3

3.2. 2 Nam e the type of intermolecular
mol ecu les. ( 1)

3.2.3 Explain the follo wing stat eme nt:

of H 2 S and H2 0 is sim ilar.

Alth o~gh the sha pe of_the mol ecu les (4 )
r boil ing poin ts.
th ere 1s a rem arka ble diffe renc e in thei
[1 5]
 se pa rat e se ale d co nta ine rs. Th e co nta ine rs are
at the sa me
tem pe rat ure an d ha ve the sa me vol
um e.

Co nt ainer Conta iner

1 2
Ga s A Gas B

Th e de ns ity (nu mb er of mo lec ule

s in a un it vo lum e) of Ga s A is
gre ater tha n the de ns ity of Ga s 8
.
10.1 .1 Wh ich ga s, A or 8 , ex ert s the gre
ate st pre ssu re on the
wa lls of its con tai ne r? (1)
10 .1.2 Ex pla in yo ur an sw er to QU ES TIO
N 10.1. 1. (5)
10.2 Gla ss tub ing is be ing cho sen to pro
du ce a neon sign.
Th e gla ss mu st su pp ort 25 0 kPa
wit ho ut breaking . Th e de sig n for the
sign req uir es the use of 10.5
g Ne ga s in a 6 ,77 dm 3 vo lum
e.
Op era tin g tem pe rat ure is expe cte
d to rea ch a ma xim um of 78 ·C .

Will thi s gla ss tak e the strain , or sho

uld tubing be sou rce d?

(7)
10 .3 As su me tha t ox yg en is an ideal ga
s.
10 .3. 1 Co mp let e the ske tch gra ph be low of pV versus T (in Kelvin)
for the ga s at dif fer en t values of tem
pe rat ure and pre ssu re.
 /j
Physical Sciences/P2
NSC - Grade 11

QUESTION 4 (Star t on a new page.)

ure and volume of an
A learner investigates the relatio nship between the press
e of the gas for different
enclosed DIATOMIC gas at 25 °C. He records the volum
pressures in the table below.

VOLUME .3)
PRES SURE 3 -1 (cm
(kPa) (cm ) V
40 43 0,02
80 27 0,04
100 22 (a)
120 18 {b)
( 1)
4.1 Write down the name of the gas law being investigated.
ed ANSWER SHEET.
Answer QUESTION 4.2 and QUESTION 4.3 on the attach
➔
lated.
Two V values in the table, (a) and (b), have not been calcu
4.2 (1)
Calculate these values.

1 ER SHEET. (4)
4.3 Draw a graph of pressure versus V on the attached ANSW

(2)
4.4 Use the graph to determine the volum e of the gas at 68 kPa.
2
4.5 The mass of the enclose~DIATOMIC gas is 2,49 x 10- g.
the molar
4.5.1 Use the conditions at a pressure of 100 kPa and calculate
(6)
mass of the enclosed gas.
( 1)
4.5.2 Write down the molecular formula of the enclosed gas.
en volume and
4.6 The sketch graph below shows the relationship betwe
temperature for an ideal gas. p V -:. 11 i' T
' -
((J CJ ( 77 J
- I"' ( ,.~ I "3 I

-· ..'\
M
E ' " -- 0,s ~~
- 0
(1)
\

0
E
:J
(\ -
-m
~ I\

(
>
-. 1 I lJ ,

Temperature (K)
G, Gt 8 I..\ ,,\

same set
4.6.1 Redr aw the above graph in the ANSWER BOOK. On the ry\
that will be
of axes, use a BRO KEN LINE to sketch the graph
( 1)
obtained for the diatomic gas above.
iou r. (3)
4.6.2 Fully explain why this diatomic gas deviates from ideal behav
[19)

11/111/1111 /111 111111111111101111111 Please turn over t

/ QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)
(

3
Molecules such as CO 2 and H 2 0 are formed through covalent bonding.

2.1 Define the term covalent bonding.

2.2 ONE of the above molecules has lone pairs of electrons on the central atom .
Draw the Lewis diagram for this molecule.
(2)

2.3 H30• is formed when H 2 O forms a dative covalent bond with an H+ ion.

2.3.1 Draw the Lewis diagram for H30+. (1 )

2.3.2 State TWO conditions for the formation of such a bond. (2)

2.4 The polarity of molecules depends on the DIFFERENCE IN

ELECTRONEGATIVITY and the MOLECULAR SHAPE.

2.4.1 Define the term electronegativity. (2)

2.4.2 Calculate the difference in electronegativity between :

(a) C and O in CO2 ( 1)

(b) Hand O in H20 (1)

2.4 .3 Explain the difference in polarity between CO 2 and H by o
referring to the polarity of the bonds and the shape ~f the
molecules.
(6)
QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page)

Both aluminium fluoride (A~F3) and phosphorous trifluoride (PF3) contain

fluorine. Aluminium fluoride is a colourless solid used in the production of

aluminium, whilst phosphorous trifluoride is a poisonous, colourless gas.
4.1 Explain the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond. (2 )

4.2 Name the type of chem ical bond between particles in:
(1)
4 .2. 1 AtF 3
(1)
4.2.2 PF3
4.3 Draw the Lewis structures for:
(3)
4 .3.1 AtF3
(2)
4.3.2 PF3
(1)
4.4 Write down the molecular shape of Ph.
4 .5 The melting point of AQ, F3 is 1 291 °C and that of PF3 is -151 °C.
(4)
Fully explain this difference in melting point.
[14)

QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page)

The boiling points of four compounds of hydrogen, represented by the letters P,
Q, Rand S, are given in the table below.
Formula Boiling point
(OC)
p CH4 -164
Q NH3 - 33
R H20 100
s SiH4 - 112

5.1 Define the term boiling point. (2)

5.2 Fully explain the difference in boiling points between compound P

and:
5.2.1 Compound Q (3)
5.2.2 Compound S (3)
5.4 Write dow n the letter f rom the table that represents the following:
5.4 .1 ONE pola r compound (1)
5 ·4 ·2 ONE non-pola r compound (1)
[12]

QUE STIO N 6 (Sta rt on a new page)

down the NAME
6 -1 For the substances mentioned in 6.1 .1 to 6.1.3 write
of the mos t important intermolecular forces:
(1)
6.1.1 Between the molecules in liquid methane (CH 4
).

cules in a mixture ( 1)
6. 1.2 Between wate r and methanol (CH 3OH) mole
of the liquids.
). (1)
6. 1.3 In an aqueous solution of lithium chloride (LiCI
6.2 Wat er has unique properties.
ding of som e of
Com plete the following table to show your understan
climate or living
thes e propertie s and the effect it has on our
organisms. (Do not redraw the table)
2 Reas ons for Effe ct on our
Prop erty of wate r
property clim ate
or orga nism s
E.g. : High boilin g (1) Stron g hydrogen Mos t of the wate r on
poin t bonds between earth remain in the
molecules. liqui d state.
(2) Large amount of
energy required to
vaporise.

High spec ific heat 6.2.1... (2) 6 .2 .2 ... (1)

capacity
Density of ice less 6.2.3 ... (2) 6.2.4 ... (1)
than
that of water
6.2.5 ... (2) 6.2.6 ... (1)
High capillary action (9)
[12)
QUESTION 3 (St art on a ne w page)
The graph below shows the change
in energy tha t takes place whe n
a
hydrogen (H) atom approaches a bromin
e (Br) atom.

L 100
0
~
~ 120
0
Jt :.. .! .~ -~ ::::::::::=:480
=~==600~~501s1stata~n~ce~betv,.,een nuclel
.,...~
C
C)
(pm )
-!C
...
C)
0
a.

3.1 Define the term bon d length .

(2)
3.2 From the gra ph, write down the :
3.2 .1 Bond length , in pm , of the H-Br bond
(2)
3.2 .2 Energy, in kJ ·mol-1, needed to bre ak
the H-B r bon d (2)
3.2 .3 Na me of the potential energy rep res ent
ed by E
3.3 (1)
Ho w will the bond length of an H-F bon
d com par e to tha t of the H-B r
bond?
Write dow n EQUAL TO , SHORTE R TH
AN or LO NG ER TH AN . G ive a
reason for the answer.
(2)